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99% 2N 99.9% 3N     99.99% 4N   99.999% 5N     99.9999% 6N 

Bullion
 AE Bullion ™

COINS, BARS, INGOT, ROUNDS

Minted Ultra High Purity Advanced and Rare Metals for Funds, Reserves, Scientific Study and Collectors
32.4 (A)/00.022


Hydrogen                                 Helium
Lithium Beryllium                     Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium                     Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Cesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
                                   
    Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium    
    Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawerencium      

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Properties, research and a history of bullion and minting, as well as data for bullion from advanced and rare commodity metal and a discussion of the how the mint process works are described below.

American Elements' AE Bullion™ group mints certified high purity coins and bars from approximately sixty advanced, rare and less common metals for short and High Purity Dysprosium (Dy) Bullion Grade Metallong term physical investment and to allow for exposure and controlled risk to commodity and industrial demand fluctuations reflected in the global price for the given metal. Coins and Bars are manufactured and minted under written SOPs (standard operating procedures) to assure quality and consistency by American Elements' AE Metals™ custom synthesis and refining group. Besides coins and bars, ingots of the metal may be purchased by funds, currency reserves, exchange-traded funds (ETFs) to establish tradable securities, private investors, collectors and hobbyists to take direct physical title and possession of the metal with risk exposure from shortages or chemical/physical technology changes, such as in solar energy, and fuel cell developments, equivalent to movements in the industrial application price of the metal.

American Elements offers bonded short and long term warehouse High Purity Metal Bars in Secure Storageinventory services for AE Bullion™ coins to investors, funds and collectors who do not wish to take physical custody of the metal or lack secure storage or warehouse capabilities.

The lowest possible coin unit price to melt value ratio is maintained through state of the art mint and die systems and analytically certified planchets (blanks or flan) refined and pressed to exacting purity and weight. We also produce Metal as rod, pellets, as nanoparticles and in compound forms, such as fluoride and oxide. Coins and Bars may be purchased in bulk or small quantity. Portfolios of different elemental metal coins or bars may also be structured and purchased from the AE Bullion™ group allowing for strategic risk allocation and indexing across a basket of metals.


The mint process. Minting begins with the rolling of strips of the particular metal into extremely tight thickness tolerances. The strips are produced by extruding original refined billets of the metal. From these strips, planchets are punched to the dimension of the coin. A planchet is a blank or flan of the coin to be minted. The planchets are then placed in a minting press where the final coin is pressed or struck.

A History of Bullion and Minting. Early civilizations originally relied on a barter system to conduct commerce. A single medium of exchange began when the early Egyptians and Assyrians first recognized the "commodity" value of metals. Precious metals particularly had certain innate physical properties that allowed them to function in commerce as a single medium of exchange for any other property or object.

Mediaval Minting Equipment and Processes

These qualities include:

  1. their lack of perishability so they can be stored perpetually,
  2. unlike wood, stone or other organic materials they are relatively indestructible and
  3. their rarity makes a small amount sufficiently valuable to allow for both small units and a means of exchange that could be carried.

At first precious metals, such as gold and silver, were used as currency in their raw form, or as jewelry, baubles or other ornamentations. While establishing these metals as "bullion", i.e. commodities because they now had a recognized and accepted value within commerce, the lack of a single reliable weight and unit of measurement required weighing to conduct business.

First the Greeks and then the Romans began to resolve this by "minting" the first coins. Coins provided a number of advantages over raw unprocessed metal and ornamental jewelry: Planchet of Ultra High Purity Metal for Bullion

  1. First, by establishing a single reproducible size, the weight for each coin was guaranteed (so long as the metal was sufficiently refined),
  2. Since they were "issued" by the existing dominant military power, they had a high degree of reliability and were presumed to be secured by the power of the realm,
  3. Being small flat and round, they were easy to transport , stack and store.
  4. They were sufficiently small to allow for the "purchase" of relatively small items, such as food, making them useful to the general public.

The fist mints were actually not mints as we think of them. Coins were actually first cast to form using rudimentary dies and hammers. The first modern presses were built around the time the first printing presses were created. These required either human or animal power. In the 19 th century, animal power was replaced by steam. Modern presses rely on high speed rolling technology to produce coins with extremely tight volume and weight tolerances.


Metals Form
Aluminum Metal Aluminum Ingot Aluminum Coins Aluminum Bars
Antimony Metal Antimony Ingot Antimony Coins Antimony Bars
Arsenic Metal Arsenic Ingot Arsenic Coins Arsenic Bars
Barium Metal Barium Ingot Barium Coins Barium Bars
Beryllium Metal Beryllium Ingot Beryllium Coins Beryllium Bars
Bismuth Metal Bismuth Ingot Bismuth Coins Bismuth Bars
Boron Metal Boron Ingot Boron Coins Boron Bars
Cadmium Metal Cadmium Ingot Cadmium Coins Cadmium Bars
Calcium Metal Calcium Ingot Calcium Coins Calcium Bars
Cerium Metal Cerium Ingot Cerium Coins Cerium Bars
Cesium Metal Cesium Ingot Cesium Coins Cesium Bars
Chromium Metal Chromium Ingot Chromium Coins Chromium Bars
Cobalt Metal Cobalt Ingot Cobalt Coins Cobalt Bars
Copper Metal Copper Ingot Copper Coins Copper Bars
Dysprosium Metal Dysprosium Ingot Dysprosium Coins Dysprosium Bars
Erbium Metal Erbium Ingot Erbium Coins Erbium Bars
Europium Metal Europium Ingot Europium Coins Europium Bars
Gallium Metal Gallium Ingot    
Gadolinium Metal Gadolinium Ingot Gadolinium Coins Gadolinium Bars
Germanium Metal Germanium Ingot Germanium Coins Germanium Bars
Gold Metal Gold Ingot Gold Coins Gold Bars
Hafnium Metal Hafnium Ingot Hafnium Coins Hafnium Bars
Holmium Metal Holmium Ingot Holmium Coins Holmium Bars
Indium Metal Indium Ingot Indium Coins Indium Bars
Iridium Metal Iridium Ingot Iridium Coins Iridium Bars
Iron Metal Iron Ingot Iron Coins Iron Bars
Lanthanum Metal Lanthanum Ingot Lanthanum Coins Lanthanum Bars
Lead Metal Lead Ingot Lead Coins Lead Bars
Lithium Metal Lithium Ingot Lithium Coins Lithium Bars
Lutetium Metal Lutetium Ingot Lutetium Coins Lutetium Bars
Magnesium Metal Magnesium Ingot Magnesium Coins Magnesium Bars
Manganese Metal Manganese Ingot Manganese Coins Manganese Bars
Molybdenum Metal Molybdenum Ingot Molybdenum Coins Molybdenum Bars
Neodymium Metal Neodymium Ingot Neodymium Coins Neodymium Bars
Nickel Metal Nickel Ingot Nickel Coins Nickel Bars
Niobium Metal Niobium Ingot Niobium Coins Niobium Bars
Osmium Metal Osmium Ingot Osmium Coins Osmium Bars
Palladium Metal Palladium Ingot Palladium Coins Palladium Bars
Platinum Metal Platinum Ingot Platinum Coins Platinum Bars
Potassium Metal Potassium Ingot    
Praseodymium Metal Praseodymium Ingot Praseodymium Coins Praseodymium Bars
Rhenium Metal Rhenium Ingot Rhenium Coins Rhenium Bars
Rhodium Metal Rhodium Ingot Rhodium Coins Rhodium Bars
Rubidium Metal

Rubidium Ingot

   
Ruthenium Metal Ruthenium Ingot Ruthenium Coins Ruthenium Bars
Samarium Metal Samarium Ingot Samarium Coins Samarium Bars
Scandium Metal Scandium Ingot Scandium Coins Scandium Bars
Selenium Metal Selenium Ingot Selenium Coins Selenium Bars
Silicon Metal Silicon Ingot Silicon Coins Silicon Bars
Silver Metal Silver Ingot Silver Coins Silver Bars
Sodium Metal Sodium Ingot    
Strontium Metal Strontium Ingot Strontium Coins Strontium Bars
Tantalum Metal Tantalum Ingot Tantalum Coins Tantalum Bars
Tellurium Metal Tellurium Ingot Tellurium Coins Tellurium Bars
Terbium Metal Terbium Ingot Terbium Coins Terbium Bars
Thallium Metal Thallium Ingot    
Thorium Metal Thorium Ingot    
Thulium Metal Thulium Ingot Thulium Coins Thulium Bars
Tin Metal Tin Ingot Tin Coins Tin Bars
Titanium Metal Titanium Ingot Titanium Coins Titanium Bars
Tungsten Metal Tungsten Ingot Tungsten Coins Tungsten Bars
Uranium Metal Uranium Ingot    
Vanadium Metal Vanadium Ingot Vanadium Coins Vanadium Bars
Ytterbium Metal Ytterbium Ingot Ytterbium Coins Ytterbium Bars
Yttrium Metal Yttrium Ingot Yttrium Coins Yttrium Bars
Zinc Metal Zinc Ingot Zinc Coins Zinc Bars
Zirconium Metal Zirconium Ingot Zirconium Coins Zirconium Bars

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Recent Research & Development for Metals

  • Is PM(10) mass measurement a reliable index for air quality assessment? An environmental study in a geographical area of north-eastern Italy. Environ Monit Assess. 2007 Nov 27; [Epub ahead of print]

  • Heavy metals in two fish species (Carangoidel malabaricus and Belone stronglurus) from Pulicat Lake, North of Chennai, Southeast Coast of India. Environ Monit Assess. 2007 Nov 27; [Epub ahead of print]

  • A sulfate-reducing bacterium with unusual growing capacity in moderately acidic conditions. Biodegradation. 2007 Nov 27; [Epub ahead of print]

  • Effects of bacteria on enhanced metal uptake of the Cd/Zn-hyperaccumulating plant, Sedum alfredii. J Exp Bot. 2007 Nov 26; [Epub ahead of print]

  • Transcription of Satellite III non-coding RNAs is a general stress response in human cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 2007 Nov 26; [Epub ahead of print]

  • Investigation of the biotransformation of pentachlorophenol and pulp paper mill effluent decolorisation by the bacterial strains in a mixed culture. Bioresour Technol. 2007 Nov 24; [Epub ahead of print]

  • Ability of Surface-Active Antioxidants To Inhibit Lipid Oxidation in Oil-in-Water Emulsion. J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Nov 27; [Epub ahead of print]

  • Malignant fibrous histiocytoma associated with coxofemoral arthrodesis. Tumori. 2007 Sep-Oct;93(5):504-7.

  • [Comparative study of the bile acid composition of bile of the vendace Coregonus albula L. and whitefish Coregonus lavaretus L. under conditions of technogenic water reservoir pollution] Zh Evol Biokhim Fiziol. 2007 Sep-Oct;43(5):410-3. Russian.

  • [Activities of proteinases in invertebrate animals--potential objects of fish nutrition. Effects of temperature, pH, and heavy metals] Zh Evol Biokhim Fiziol. 2007 Sep-Oct;43(5):404-9. Russian.

  • The effects of exogenous plant growth regulators in the phytoextraction of heavy metals. Chemosphere. 2007 Nov 23; [Epub ahead of print]

  • Removal of heavy metals and arsenic from contaminated soils using bioremediation and chelant extraction techniques. Chemosphere. 2007 Nov 23; [Epub ahead of print]

  • Treatment and use of air pollution control residues from MSW incineration: An overview. Waste Manag. 2007 Nov 21; [Epub ahead of print]

  • High temperature behavior of electrostatic precipitator ash from municipal solid waste combustors. J Hazard Mater. 2007 Oct 18; [Epub ahead of print]

  • Soil washing for metal removal: A review of physical/chemical technologies and field applications. J Hazard Mater. 2007 Oct 22; [Epub ahead of print]

  • Sub-cellular partitioning of Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb in the digestive gland of native Octopus vulgaris exposed to different metal concentrations (Portugal). Sci Total Environ. 2007 Nov 22; [Epub ahead of print]

  • Evidence for preferential depths of metal retention in roots of salt marsh plants. Sci Total Environ. 2007 Nov 22; [Epub ahead of print]

  • Adsorption of Pb(2+), Zn(2+), and Cd(2+) from waters by amorphous titanium phosphate. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2007 Nov 22; [Epub ahead of print]

  • Quantitative assessment of soil parameter (K(D) and T(C)) estimation using DGT measurements and the 2D DIFS model. Chemosphere. 2007 Nov 20; [Epub ahead of print]

  • Evaluation of the metallic contamination along the Corsican coastline using Posidonia oceanica meadow (Mediterranean). Mar Pollut Bull. 2007 Nov 20; [Epub ahead of print]

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