99% 2N
99.9% 3N 99.99% 4N 99.999% 5N 99.9999% 6N
Quantum Dots
AE Quantum Dots ™
32.4 (A)/00.022
(click on an element to view our products)
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Safety,
research, uses and properties for AE Quantum DotsT are discussed
below.
American Elements is a
manufacturer and supplier specializing in producing quantum dots from
several semiconductor materials, including
Cadmium Telluride (CdTe),
Cadmium Selenide/Zinc Sulfide (CdSe/ZnS),
Lead Selenide (PbSe) and Zinc
Cadmium Selenide/Zinc Sulfide (ZnCdSe/ZnS) nanoparticles with well-defined
peak emission frequencies between approximately 470 to 730 nm wavelengths.
What are quantum dots? Quantum dots are
nanoparticles of certain
semiconductor crystals with the novel property of having an extremely
narrow emission spectrum (Gaussian Distribution) that is directly
proportional to the particle's size. The smaller the particle the more its
emission is blue shifted and conversely the larger the particle size, the
more its emission is red shifted, thus allowing for the emission of the
complete light spectra of color from the same material. Thin film deposition of Silicon Nanoparticle quantum dots on the polycrystalline silicon substrate of a photovoltaic (solar)
cell increases voltage output as much as 60% by fluorescing the incoming light
prior to capture.
How do quantum dots work? When Quantum Dots (essentially nanocrystals of
certain semiconductors) are excited the wavelength of light emitted is
controlled by the relationship between the size of the nanocrystal and the
level of confinement of the electrons within the particle. Thus, Quantum
Dots have the unique ability to emit light representing the entire rainbow
of colors from the same elemental material based solely on the size of the
particles of that material being excited. The smaller the particle, the
more the inter band gap is blue shifted. By narrowly controlling the
particles distribution (PSD) of the quantum dot crystals to within 10
nanometers, discreet colors can be emitted with wave lengths representing
the entire visible spectra. Prior to quantum dots, light emitting
semiconductors, such as light emitting diodes (LED), could not emit white
light. With the development of quantum dots with particle size
distributions less than 500 nanometers (nm), LED emissions in the blue
range can be achieved which may allow for the commercial use of solid
state semiconductors to generate luminescent light.
What are the current and future uses and applications for
quantum dots?
The most exciting potential use forquantum dots, but still in its infancy
in terms of development, is the potential to turn light emitting diodes
(LED) from merely display devises to illumination devices creating the
first solid state lighting sources. The resulting revolution could be
compared to Thomas Edison's original invention of the light bulb; the
technology which LED lighting would certainly render obsolete. The life of
a solid state lighting source would be hundreds of times longer the
current incandescent bulb. The level of efficiency and therefore the
energy required to generate light would be substantially less.
Additionally, the world would be a very different looking place given the
ability to illuminate from any two dimensional surface. Further in the
future researchers are theorizing the potential to create Paint-On
Lighting. Other unique uses for Quantum Dots include numerous bio-sensor
and medical tracing applications where the high luminescence and stability
make them potentially superior to isotopes. In solar energy, Lead Selenide
Quantum Dots can generate a substantially wider band gap then any other
photovoltaic semiconductor. Thin film deposition of Silicon Nanoparticle quantum dots on the polycrystalline silicon substrate of a photovoltaic (solar)
cell increases voltage output as much as 60% by fluorescing the incoming light
prior to capture. Quantum Dots are also being explored for use
in future quantum computing.
Safety. All AE Quantum DotT products are delivered with a Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS) describing the safety guidelines and handling recommendations
established for that material.
What are the properties and specifications for AE Quantum
Dots? American
Elements manufactures the following forms of Quantum Dots:
Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Quantum Dots -
CdTe Quantum Dots have the widest wavelength range reaching sizes as small
as less then 500 nm; within the range sufficient to emit light in the
blue-white range. Cadmium Telluride Quantum Dots are charged aqueous
soluble particles with narrow emission spectra from 490 nm to 740 nm.
Cadmium Selenide/Zinc Sulfide (CdSe/ZnS) Quantum Dots - CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots are core-shell structured
inorganic nanocrystals where an inner core of Cadmium Selenide is
encapsulated in an outer core of wider band gap Zinc Selenide.
Wavelengths range from 520 to 620 nm.
Lead Selenide (PbSe) Quantum Dots - PbSe Quantum Dots have found application in photovoltaic semiconductors
for solar energy applications because of their extremely wide band gap.
Zinc Cadmium Selenide/Zinc Sulfide (ZnCdSe/ZnS) Quantum Dots - ZnCdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots are smallest available average particle size (D50
> 440 nm) enabling them to emit the bluest to white light and therefore
making them the best demonstrated candidate for solid state luminescent
devises.
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Recent Research & Development for Quantum Dots
- Biological interactions of quantum dot nanoparticles in skin and in human epidermal keratinocytes.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2008 Jan 3; [Epub ahead of print]
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[Photoluminescence investigation of InAs bimodal self-assembled quantum dots state filling]
Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi. 2007 Nov;27(11):2178-81. Chinese.
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Fluorescent II-VI Semiconductor Quantum Dots in Living Cells: Nonlinear Microspectroscopy in an Optical Tweezers System.
J Phys Chem B. 2008 Feb 8; [Epub ahead of print]
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One-Step Controllable Synthesis for High-Quality Ultrafine Metal Oxide Semiconductor Nanocrystals via a Separated Two-Phase Hydrolysis Reaction.
J Am Chem Soc. 2008 Feb 7; [Epub ahead of print]
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Monodisperse Oligo(phenylene vinylene) Ligands on CdSe Quantum Dots: Synthesis and Polarization Anisotropy Measurements.
J Am Chem Soc. 2008 Feb 2; [Epub ahead of print]
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The Growth of Co:ZnO/ZnO Core/Shell Colloidal Quantum Dots: Changes in Nanocrystal Size, Concentration and Dopant Coordination.
Chemphyschem. 2008 Feb 5; [Epub ahead of print]
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Imaging Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression In vivo: Pharmacokinetic and Biodistribution Characterization of a Bioconjugated Quantum Dot Nanoprobe.
Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Feb 1;14(3):731-41.
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Bioconjugated Gold Nanodots and Nanoparticles for Protein Assays Based on Photoluminescence Quenching.
Anal Chem. 2008 Feb 1; [Epub ahead of print]
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Quantum Dot Ex Vivo Labeling of Neuromuscular Synapses.
Nano Lett. 2008 Feb 1; [Epub ahead of print]
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Electrically driven reverse overhauser pumping of nuclear spins in quantum dots.
Phys Rev Lett. 2007 Dec 14;99(24):246602. Epub 2007 Dec 13.
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Theory of fast optical spin rotation in a quantum dot based on geometric phases and trapped states.
Phys Rev Lett. 2007 Nov 23;99(21):217401. Epub 2007 Nov 19.
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Comment on "Zero-field Kondo Splitting and Quantum-Critical Transition in Double Quantum Dots".
Phys Rev Lett. 2007 Nov 16;99(20):209701; discussion 209702. Epub 2007 Nov 14. No abstract available.
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Frequency-selective single-photon detection using a double quantum dot.
Phys Rev Lett. 2007 Nov 16;99(20):206804. Epub 2007 Nov 14.
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Noise enhancement due to quantum coherence in coupled quantum dots.
Phys Rev Lett. 2007 Nov 16;99(20):206602. Epub 2007 Nov 16.
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Effects of Fermi Liquid Interactions on the Shot Noise of an SU(N) Kondo Quantum Dot.
Phys Rev Lett. 2008 Jan 25;100(3):036603. Epub 2008 Jan 24.
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Emission Characterization of a Single CdSe-ZnS Nanocrystal with High Temporal and Spectral Resolution by Photon-Correlation Fourier Spectroscopy.
Phys Rev Lett. 2008 Jan 18;100(2):027403. Epub 2008 Jan 18.
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Effects of Interactions in Transport through Aharonov-Bohm-Casher Interferometers.
Phys Rev Lett. 2008 Jan 11;100(1):016803. Epub 2008 Jan 11.
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CE characterization of semiconductor nanocrystals encapsulated with amorphous silicium dioxide.
Electrophoresis. 2008 Feb;29(3):576-89.
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In vivo imaging using quantum dot-conjugated probes.
Curr Protoc Cell Biol. 2007 Sep;Chapter 25:Unit 25.1.
- Ultrasensitive detection and molecular imaging with magnetic nanoparticles.
Analyst. 2008 Feb;133(2):154-60. Epub 2007 Sep 10.
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PRODUCT LIST
Aluminum: Al
- Scandium-aluminum alloy: Sc-Al
- Yttrium-aluminum alloy: Y-Al
- Aluminum Metal: Al2O3
- Aluminum metal: Al
- Aluminum ammonium sulfate: NH4Al2(SO4)12·2H2O
- Aluminum chloride: Al2Cl6·3H2O
- Aluminum fluoride: AlF3·3H2O
- Aluminum isopropMetal: (CH3)2CHO3Al
- Aluminum nitrate : Al2(NO3)9·3H2O
- Aluminum phosphate: AlPO4
- Aluminum potassium sulfate: AlK(SO4)12·2H2O
- Aluminum sulfate: Al2(SO4)3
Antimony: Sb
- Antimony metal: Sb
- Antimony Metal: Sb2O3
- Antimony sulfide: Sb2S3
- Antimony Iodide: SbI3
- Potassium Antimonyl Tartrate: K(SbO)C4H4O1/2·6H2O
- Antimony Polycrystalline Ingot: Sb
- Antimony Polycrystalline Chunk: Sb
- Antimony Targets: Sb
- Antimony Shaped Charge: Sb
- Antimony Selenide Polycrystalline Ingot: Sb2Se3
- Antimony Selenide Polycrystalline Chunk: Sb2Se3
- Antimony Selenide Targets: Sb2Se3
- Antimony Selenide Shaped Charge: Sb2Se3
- Antimony Telluride Polycrystalline Ingot: Sb2Te3
- Antimony Telluride Polycrystalline Chunk: Sb2Te3
- Antimony Telluride Targets: Sb2Te3
- Antimony Telluride Shaped Charge: Sb2Te3
Arsenic: As
- Arsenic metal: As
- Arsenic Metal: As2O3
Barium: Ba
- Barium acetate: Ba(C2H3O2)2
- Barium bromide: BaBr2
- Barium carbonate: BaCO3
- Barium chloride: BaCl2
- Barium fluoride: BaF2
- Barium hydrMetal: Ba(OH8)2·2H2O
- Barium nitrate: Ba(NO3)2
- Barium sulfate: BaSO4
Beryllium: Be
- Beryllium metal: Be
- Beryllium-copper alloy: Be-Cu
- Beryllium Metal: BeO
- Beryllium acetate basic: Be4O(C2H3O2)6
- Beryllium nitrate: Be(NO3)2
- Beryllium sulfate: BeSO4·4H2O
Bismuth: Bi
- Bismuth metal: Bi
- Bismuth fluoride: BiF3
- Bismuth iodide: BiI3
- Bismuth nitrate: Bi(NO3)3·5H2O
- Bismuth Metal: Bi2O3
- Bismuth oxychloride: BiOCL
- Bismuth oxynitrate: BiONO3
- Bismuth Polycrystalline Ingot: Bi
- Bismuth Polycrystalline Chunk: Bi
- Bismuth Targets: Bi
- Bismuth Shaped Charge: Bi
- Bismuth Selenide Polycrystalline Ingot: Bi2Se3
- Bismuth Selenide Polycrystalline Chunk: Bi2Se3
- Bismuth Selenide Targets: Bi2Se3
- Bismuth Selenide Shaped Charge: Bi2Se3
- Bismuth Telluride Polycrystalline Ingot: Bi2Te3
- Bismuth Telluride Polycrystalline Chunk: Bi2Te3
- Bismuth Telluride Targets: Bi2Te3
- Bismuth Telluride Shaped Charge: Bi2Te3
Boron: B
- Ferroboron: Fe-B
- Boron carbide: B4C
- Boron nitride: BN
- Boric Acid: H3BO3
- Boron Phosphate: BPO4
- Potassium Tetrafluoroborate: KBF4
Cadmium: Cd
- Cadmium metal: Cd
- Cadmium Acetate: Cd(C2H3O2)2·xH2O
- Cadmium Bromide: CdBr2
- Cadmium Chloride: CdCl2
- Cadmium Fluoride: CdF2
- Cadmium Iodide: CdI2
- Cadmium Nitrate: Cd(NO3)2·4H2O
- Cadmium Metal: CdO
- Cadmium Sulfate: CdSO4·xH2O
- Cadmium Polycrystalline Ingot: Cd
- Cadmium Polycrystalline Chunk: Cd
- Cadmium Targets: Cd
- Cadmium Shaped Charge: Cd
- Cadmium Telluride Polycrystalline Ingot: CdTe
- Cadmium Telluride Polycrystalline Chunk: CdTe
- Cadmium Telluride Targets: CdTe
- Cadmium Telluride Shaped Charge: CdTe
Calcium: Ca
- Calcium metal: Ca
- Calcium-magnesium alloy: Ca-Mg
- Calcium-aluminum alloy: Ca-Al
- Calcium-silicon alloy: Ca-Si
- Calcium hydrade: CaH2
- Calcium stabilized zirconia: CaO + ZrO2
- Calcium acetate: Ca(C2H3O2)2·xH2O
- Calcium bromide: CaBr2·xH2O
- Calcium carbonate: CaCO3
- Calcium chloride: CaCl2·6H2O
- Calcium fluoride: CaF2
- Calcium nitrate: Ca(NO3)2·4H2O
- Calcium oxalate: CaC2O4
- Calcium Metal: CaO
- Calcium sulfate: CaSO4
Carbon: C
- Graphite: C (Electrode, Powder Crystalline Flake, Amorphous)
- Boron carbide: B4C
- Silicon carbide: SiC
- Tungsten carbide: WC
Cerium: Ce
- Cerium metal: Ce
- Ce-rich mischmetal:
- Cerium Metal: CeO2
- Cerium acetate: Ce(C2H3O2)3
- Cerium carbonate: Ce)2 CO3)3
- Cerium hydrate: Ce(OH)4
- Cerium nitrate: Ce(NO3)3
- Cerium ammonium nitrate: (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6
- Cerium chloride: CeCl3
- Cerium fluoride: CeF3
- Cerium 55 concentrate: CeO2
- Cerium-Rich rare earth carbonate: (Ce,La,Nd,Pr)2(CO3)3
- Cerium bromide: CeBr3
- Cerium oxalate: Ce(C2O4)3·xH2O
- Cerium sulfate: Ce(SO4)3·8H2O
Cesium: Cs
- Cesium acetate: CsC2H3O2
- Cesium bromide: CsBr
- Cesium carbonate: Cs2CO3
- Cesium chloride: CsCl
- Cesium fluoride: CsF
- Cesium iodide: CsI
- Cesium nitrate: CsNO3
- Cesium sulfate: Cs2SO4
Chromium: Cr
- Chromium metal: Cr
- Feerochromium: Fe-Cr
- Chromium silicon alloy: Cr-Si
- Ammonium dichromate: (NH4)2Cr2O7
- Chromium chloride: [Cr(H2O)4Cl2]Cl2·2H2O
- Chromium nitrate: Cr(NO3)3·9H2O
- Chromium Metal: Cr2O3
- Chromium potassium sulfate: CrK(SO4)2·12H2O
- Potassium dichromate: K2Cr2O7
Cobalt: Co
- Cobalt metal: Co
- Samarium-Cobalt Alloys: Co
- Cobalt Metal: Co2O3
- Cobalt oxalate: CoC2O4·2H2O
- Samarium-Cobalt Magnets
- Cobalt acetate: Co(C2H3O2)2
- Cobalt bromide: CoBr2
- Cobalt carbonate: CoCO3·xH2O
- Cobalt chloride: CoCl2
- Cobalt fluoride: CoF2·4H2O
- Cobalt nitrate: Co(NO3)2·6H2O
- Sodium hexanitrocobaltate: Na3Co(NO2)6
Dysprosium: Dy
- Dysprosium metal: Dy
- Dysprosium Metal: Dy2O3
- Dysprosium fluoride: DyF3
- Dysprosium acetate: Dy(C2H3O2)3·4H2O
- Dysprosium bromide: DyBr3·xH2O
- Dysprosium carbonate: Dy2(CO3)3·xH2O
- Dysprosium chloride: DyCl3·6H2O
- Dysprosium nitrate: Dy(NO3)3·5H2O
- Dysprosium oxalate: Dy2(C2O4)3·xH2O
- Dysprosium sulfate: Dy2(SO4)3·8H2O
Erbium: Er
- Erbium metal: Er
- Erbium Metal: Er2O3
- Erbium fluoride: ErF3
- Erbium acetate: Er(C2H3O2)3·xH2O
- Erbium carbonate: Er(CO3)3·xH2O
- Erbium chloride: ErCl3·6H2O
- Erbium nitrate: Er(NO3)3·5H2O
- Erbium oxalate: Er(C2O4)3·xH2O
- Erbium sulfate: Er(SO4)3·8H2O
Europium: Eu
- Europium metal: Eu
- Europium Metal: Eu2O3
- Europium acetate: Eu(C2H3O2)3·xH2O
- Europium carbonate: Eu2(CO3)3·xH2O
- Europium chloride: EuCl3·6H2O
- Europium chloride: EuCl2
- Europium fluoride: EuF3
- Europium nitrate: Eu(NO3)3·5H2O
- Europium oxalate: Eu2(C2O4)3·xH2O
- Europium sulfate: Eu2(SO4)3·8H2O
Gallium: Ga
- Gallium metal: Ga
- Gallium chloride: GaCl3
- Gallium fluoride: GaF3
- Gallium nitrate: Ga(NO3)3·xH2O
- Gallium Metal: Ga2O3
- Gallium sulfate: Ga2(SO4)3·xH2O
- Gallium Polyethylene Bottles: GaSb
- Gallium Antimonide Polycrystalline Ingot: GaSb
- Gallium Antimonide Polycrystalline Chunk: GaSb
- Gallium Antimonide Targets: GaSb
- Gallium Antimonide Shaped Charge: GaSb
- Gallium Antimonide Single Crystal: GaSb
- Gallium Arsenide Polycrystalline Ingot: GaAs
- Gallium Arsenide Polycrystalline Chunk: GaAs
- Gallium Arsenide Targets: GaAs
- Gallium Arsenide Shaped Charge: GaAs
- Gallium Arsenide Single Crystal: GaAs
- Gallium Arsenide Test Grade Wafers: GaAs
- Gallium Indium Antimonide Twinned/Single Crystal
- Gallium Indium Arsenide Twinned/Single Crystal
- Gallium Phosphide Polycrystalline Chunk: GaP
- Gallium(II) Telluride Polycrystalline Ingot: GaTe
- Gallium(II) Telluride Polycrystalline Chunk: GaTe
- Gallium(II) Telluride Targets: GaTe
- Gallium(II) Telluride Shaped Charge: GaTe
- Gallium(II) Telluride Single Crystal: GaTe
- Gallium(III) Telluride Polycrystalline Ingot: Ga2Te3
- Gallium(III) Telluride Polycrystalline Chunk: Ga2Te3
- Gallium(III) Telluride Targets: Ga2Te3
- Gallium(III) Telluride Shaped Charge: Ga2Te3
- Gallium(III) Telluride Single Crystal: Ga2Te3
Gadolinium: Gd
- Gadolinium metal: Gd
- Gadolinium Metal: Gd2O3
- Gadolinium acetate: Gd(C2H3O2)3·xH2O
- Gadolinium bromide: GdBr3·xH2O
- Gadolinium carbonate: Gd2(CO3)3·xH2O
- Gadolinium chloride: GdCl3·6H2O
- Gadolinium fluoride: GdF3
- Gadolinium nitrate: Gd(NO3)3·6H2O
- Gadolinium oxalate: Gd2(C2O4)3·xH2O
- Gadolinium sulfate: Gd2(SO4)3·xH2O
Germanium Ge
- Germanium metal: Ge
- Germanium Metal: GeO2
- Germanium chloride: GeCl4
- Ammonium hexafluorogerminate: (NH4)2GeF6
- Germanium Polycrystalline Ingot: Ge
- Germanium Polycrystalline Chunk: Ge
- Germanium Targets: Ge
- Germanium Shaped Charge: Ge
- Germanium Single Crystal: Ge
- Germanium Telluride Polycrystalline Ingot: GeTe
- Germanium Telluride Polycrystalline Chunk: GeTe
- Germanium Telluride Targets: GeTe
- Germanium Telluride Shaped Charge: GeTe
Gold: Au
- Gold metal: Au
- Barium ammonium tetrachloroaurate: NH4AuCl4·xH2O
- Gold chloride: AuCl3
- Gold cyanide: AuCN
- Gold hydrMetal: Au(OH)3
- Gold iodide: AuI
- Gold sulfide: Au2S3
- Hydrogentetrachloroaurate: HAuCl4·xH2O
- Potassium dicyanoaurate: KAu(CN)2
- Potassium tetrabromoaurate: KAuBr4
- Potassium tetrachloroaurate: KAuCl4
- Sodium tetrachloroaurate: NaAuCl4·xH2O
- Gold Shaped Charge: Au
- Gold Foil: Au
- Gold Sputtering Target: Au
Hafnium: Hf
- Hafnium Metal: HfO2
- Hafnium oxychloride: HfOCl2·8H2O
- Hafnium sulfate: Hf(SO4)2
Holmium: Ho
- Holmium metal: Ho
- Holmium Metal: Ho2O3
- Holmium chloride: HoCl3
- Holmium nitrate: Ho(NO3)3
- Holmium acetate: Ho(C2H3O2)3·xH2O
- Holmium bromide: HoBr3·xH2O
- Holmium carbonate: Ho(CO3)3·xH2O
- Holmium fluoride: HoF3
- Holmium oxalate: Ho(C2O4)3·xH2O
- Holmium sulfate: Ho2(SO4)3·8H2O
Indium: In
- Indium metal: In
- Indium Metal: In2O3
- Indium acetate: In2(C2H3O2)2·xH2O
- Indium bromide: InBr3
- Indium chloride: InCl3
- Indium fluoride: InF3
- Indium nitrate: In(NO3)3·5H2O
- Indium sulfate: In2(SO4)3·xH2O
- Indium Ingot: In
- Indium Targets: In
- Indium Shaped Charge: In
- Indium Foil: In
- Indium Antimonide Polycrystalline Ingot: InSb
- Indium Antimonide Polycrystalline Chunk: InSb
- Indium Antimonide Targets: InSb
- Indium Antimonide Shaped Charge: InSb
- Indium Antimonide Single Crystal: InSb
- Indium Arsenide Polycrystalline Ingot: InAs
- Indium Arsenide Polycrystalline Chunk: InAs
- Indium Arsenide Targets: InAs
- Indium Arsenide Shaped Charge: InAs
- Indium Arsenide Single Crystal Ingot: InAs
- Indium Phosphide Polycrystalline Ingot: InP
- Indium Phosphide Polycrystalline Chunk: InP
- Indium Phosphide Targets: InP
- Indium Phosphide Shaped Charge: InP
- Indium Phosphide Single Crystal Ingot: InP
- Indium Phosphide Wafers: InP
- Indium Phosphide Arsenide Twinned/Single
- Indium Phosphide Arsenide Crystal
- Indium Selenide Polycrystalline Ingot: In2Se3
- Indium Selenide Polycrystalline Chunk: In2Se3
- Indium Selenide Targets: In2Se3
- Indium Selenide Shaped Charge: In2Se3
- Indium Sulfide Polycrystalline Ingot: In2S3
- Indium Sulfide Polycrystalline Chunk: In2S3
- Indium Sulfide Targets: In2S3
- Indium Sulfide Shaped Charge: In2S3
- Indium Telluride Polycrystalline Ingot: In2Te3
- Indium Telluride Polycrystalline Chunk: In2Te3
- Indium Telluride Targets: In2Te3
- Indium Telluride Shaped Charge: In2Te3
Iodine: I
- Iodine acid: HIO3
- Iodine Metal: I2O5
- Periodic acid: H5IO3
Iridium: Ir
- Iridium metal: Ir
- Ammonium hexachloroiridate: (NH4)3IrCl6
- Iridium chloride: IrCl3·xH2O
- Iridium Metal: IrO2
- Potassium hexachloroiridate: K2IrCl6
Iron: Fe
- Iron metal: Fe
- Ammonium trisoxaltoferrate: (NH4)3Fe(C2O4)3·3H2O
- Ammonium iron sulfate: (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O
- Iron chloride: FeCl2·4H2O
- Iron fluoride: FeF2·4H2O
- Iron nitrate: Fe(NO3)3·9H2O
- Iron Metal: Fe2O3
- Iron sulfate: FeSO4·7H2O
- Potassium ferrocyanide hydrate: K4Fe(CN)6·xH2O
- Ferroboron: Fe-B
- Ferrochromium: Fe-Cr
- Ferromanganese: Fe-Mn
- Ferromolybdenum: Fe-Mo
- Ferrosilicon: Fe-Si
- Ferrovanadium: Fe-V
- Ferrotungsten: Fe-W
Lanthanum: La
- Lanthanum metal: La
- La-rich mischmetal
- Lanthanum Metal: La2O3
- Lanthanum acetate: La(C2H3O2)3
- Lanthanum bromide: LaBr3·xH20
- Lanthanum carbonate: La2(CO3)3
- La-rich rare earth carbonate
- Lanthanum nitrate La(NO3)3
- Lanthanum chloride: LaCl3
- Lanthanum fluoride: LaF3
- Lanthunum-rich lanthanide chloride: (Ln,La)Cl3
- Lanthanum-rich lanthanide nitrate: (Ln,La)(NO3)3
- Lanthanum sulfate: La2(SO4)3·xH20
Lithium: Li
- Lithium metal: Li
- Lithium chloride: LiCl
- Lithium carbonate: Li2CO3
- Lithium hydrMetal: LiOH·H2O
- Lithium acetate: Li2C2H3O2·2H2O
- Lithium bromide: LiBr
- Lithium fluoride: LiF
- Lithium nitrate: LiNO3
- Lithium sulfate: Li2SO4
Lutetium: Lu
- Lutetium metal: Lu
- Lutetium Metal: Lu2O3
- Lutetium acetate: Lu(C2H3O2)3·xH2O
- Lutetium carbonate: Lu2(CO3)3·xH2O
- Lutetium chloride: LuCl3·6H2O
- Lutetium fluoride: LuF3
- Lutetium nitrate: Lu(NO3)3·xH2O
- Lutetium sulfate: Lu(SO4)3·8H2O
Magnesium: Mg
- Magnesium metals: Mg
- Magnesium Metal: MgO
- Fused magnesite
- Caustic calcined magnesite
- Dead burned magnesite
- Magnesium aluminate spinel
- Magnesium acetate: Mg(C2H3O2)2·4H2O
- Magnesium bromide: MgBr2·6H2O
- Magnesium chloride: MgCl2·6H2O
- Magnesium fluoride: MgF2
- Magnesium nitrate: Mg(NO3)2·6H2O
- Magnesium sulfate: MgSO4
Manganese: Mn
- Manganese metal: Mn
- Ferromanganese: Fe-Mn
- Manganese Metal: MnO2
- Manganese carbonate: MnCO3
- Manganese acetate: Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O
- Manganese nitrate: Mn(NO3)2
- Manganese bromide: MnBr2·4H2O
- Manganese chloride: MnCl2·4H2O
- Manganese sulfate: MnSO4·xH2O
Molybdenum: Mo
- Molybdenum metal: Mo
- Molybdenum Metal: MoO3
- Ferromolybdenum: Fe-Mo
- Sodium molybdenum Metal: Na2MoO4·2H2O
- Ammonium molybdate: (NH4)2Mo2O7
- Sodium molybdenum: NaMoO4·2H2O
Neodymium: Nd
- Neodymium metal: Nd
- Neodymium Metal: Nd2O3
- Neodymium acetate: Nd(C2H3O2)3
- Neodymium carbonate: Nd2(CO3)3
- Neodymium hydrate: Nd(OH)3
- Neodymium nitrate: Nd(NO3)3
- Neodymium chloride: NdCl3
- Neodymium fluoride: NdF3
- Neodymium oxalate: Nd2(C2O4)3·xH2O
- Neodymium sulfate: Nd2(SO4)3·8H2O
Nickel: Ni
- Nickel metal: Ni
- Nickel Metal: NiO
- Ammonium nickel sulfate: (NH4)2Ni(SO4)2·6H2O
- Hexaamminenickel bromide: {Ni(NH3)6}Br2
- Hexaamminenickel chloride: {Ni(NH3)6}Cl2
- Hexaamminenickel iodide: {Ni(NH3)6}I2
- Nickel acetate: Ni(C2H3O2)2·4H2O
- Nickel bromide anhydrous: NiBr2
- Nickel carbonate: NiCO3
- Nickel chloride: NiCl2
- Nickel nitrate: Ni(NO3)2·6H2O
- Nickel oxalate: NiC2O4·2H2O
- Nickel sulfate: NiSO4·7H2O
- Potassium tetracyanonickelate: K2Ni(CN)4·xH2O
Niobium: Nb
- Niobium metal: Nb
- Niobium Metal: Nb2O5
- Ammonium hexafluoroniobate: NH4Nb2F5
Osmium: Os
- Ammonium hexachloroosmate: (NH4)2OsCl6
Palladium: Pd
- Pallidium metal: Pd
- Ammonium hexachloropalladate: (NH4)2PdCl6
- Trans-Diamminedichloropalladium: Pd(NH3)2Cl2
- Trans-Diamminedinitropalladium: Pd(NH3)2(NO2)2
- Palladium bromide: PdBr2
- Palladium chloride: PdCl2
- Palladium iodide: PdI2
- Palladium nitrate: Pd(NO3)2
- Palladium Metal: PdO
- Potassium hexachloropalladate: K2PdCl6
- Potassium tetrabromopalladate: K2PdBr4
- Potassium tetranitropalladate: K2Pd(NO2)4
- Tetraamminepalladium chloride: [Pd(NH3)]4Cl2·H2O
- Tetraamminepalladium nitrate: [Pd(NH3)4](NO3)2
Phosphor also see Y2O3,
Eu2O3, Gd2O3, and Tb2O3.
- Phosphor for trichromatic lamp: (Blue, Red, Green)
- Phosphor for color TV screen: (Blue, Red, Green)
Platinum: Pt
- Platinum metal: Pt
- Ammonium hexabromoplatinate: (NH4)2PtBr6
- Ammonium hexachloroplatinate: (NH4)2PtCl6
- Cis-diaamminedichloroplatinum: Pt(NH3)2Cl2
- Trans-diaamminedichloroplatinum: Pt(NH3)2Cl2
- Trans-diaamminedinitroplatinum: Pt(NH3)2(NO2)2
- Platinum chloride: PtCl2
- Platinum Metal hydrate: PtO2
- Platinum sulfide: PtS2
- Tetraammineplatinum chloride: [Pt(NH3)4]Cl2·xH2O
- Tetraammineplatinum nitrate: Pt(NH3)4(NO3)2·xH2O
- Tetraammineplatinum tetrachloroplatinate: [Pt(NH3)4][PtCl4]
Potassium: K
- Potassium hexabromoplatinate: K2PtBr6
- Potassium hexachloroplatinate: K2PtCl6
- Potassium tetrabromoplatinate: K2PtBr4
- Potassium tetrachloroplatinate: K2PtCl4
- Potassium tetracyanoplatinate: K2Pt(CN)4
- Potassium acetate: KC2H3O2
- Potassium bromide: KBr
- Potassium carbonate: K2CO
- Potassium chloride: KCl
- Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: KH2PO4
- Potassium fluoride: KF
- Potassium iodide: KI
- Potassium nitrate: KNO3
- Potassium oxalate: K2C2O4·H2O
- Potassium perchlorate: KClO4
- Potassium periodate: KIO4
- Potassium persulfate: K2S2O8
- Potassium sulfate: K2SO4
Praseodymium: Pr
- Praseodymium metal: Pr
- Praseodymium Metal: Pr6O11
- Praseodymium fluoride: PrF3
- Praseodymium acetate: Pr(C2H3O2)3·3H2O
- Praseodymium bromide: PrB3
- Praseodymium carbonate: Pr2(CO3)3·8H2O
- Praseodymium chloride: PrCl3·7H2O
- Praseodymium nitrate: Pr(NO3)3·6H2O
- Praseodymium oxalate: Pr2(C2O4)3·xH2O
- Praseodymium sulfate: Pr2(SO4)3·xH2O
Rhenium: Re
- Rhenium metal: Re
- Ammonium perrhenate: NH4ReO4
- Perrhenic acid: HReO4
- Potassium hexabromorhenate: K2ReBr6
- Potassium hexachlororhenate: K2ReCl6
- Rhenium sulfide: Re2S7
Rhodium: Rh
- Rhodium metal: Rh
- Ammonium hexachlororhodate: (NH4)3RhCl6
- Chlorocarbonylbis(triphenylphosphine)rhodium: [RhCl(CO)((C6H5)3P)2]
- Chlorotris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium: [RhCl(C6H5)3P)3]
- Chloropentaamminerhodium chloride: [Rh(NH3)5Cl]Cl2
- Potassium hexachlororhodate: K3RhCl6
- Rhodium acetylacetonate: Rh(C5H7O2)3
- Rhodium chloride: RhCl3·xH2O
- Rhodium Metal: Rh2O3
- Sodium hexachlororhodate: Na3RhCl6
Rubidium: Rb
- Rubidium bromide: RbBr
- Rubidium chloride: RbCl
- Rubidium nitrate: RbNO3
- Rubidium perchlorate: RbClO4
- Rubidium sulfate: Rb2SO4
Ruthenium: Ru
- Ruthenium metal: Ru
- Ammonium hexachlororuthenate: (NH4)2RuCl6
- Dichlorotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium: [RuCl2((C6H5)3P)3]
- Hexaammineruthenium chloride: {Ru(NH3)6}Cl2
- Potassium hexachlororuthenate: K2RuCl6
- Ruthenium chloride: RuCl3·xH2O
- Ruthenium Metal: RuO2·xH2O
Samarium: Sm
- Samarium metal: Sm
- Samarium-cobalt alloy: Sm-Co
- Samarium Metal: Sm2O3
- Samarium acetate: Sm(C2H3O2)3·3H2O
- Samarium bromide: SmBr3·6H2O
- Samarium carbonate: Sm2(CO3)2·xH2O
- Samarium chloride: SmCl3·6H2O
- Samarium fluoride: SmF3
- Samarium nitrate: Sm(NO3)3·6H2O
- Samarium oxalate: Sm2(C2O3)3·xH2O
- Samarium sulfate: Sm2(SO4)3·8H2O
Scandium: Sc
- Scandium metal: Sc
- Scandium-aluminum alloy: Al-Sc
- Scandium Metal: Sc2O3
- Scandium acetate: Sc(C2H3O2)3·xH2O
- Scandium chloride: ScCl3·xH2O
- Scandium fluoride: ScF3
- Scandium nitrate: Sc(NO3)3·5H2O
- Scandium oxalate: Sc(C2O4)3·5H2O
- Scandium sulfate: Sc2(SO4)3·5H2O
Selenium: Se
- Selenium metal: Se
- Selenious acid: H2SeO3
- Selenium diMetal: SeO2
Silicon: Si
- Silicon metal: Si (monocrystal, polycrystal)
- Silicon Carbide: SiC
- Ferrosilicon: Fe-Si
- Calcium-silicon alloy: Ca-Si
- Chromium-silicon alloy: Cr-Si
- Silicon Metal: SiO2
- Silicon Polycrystalline Ingot: Si
- Silicon Polycrystalline Chunk: Si
- Silicon Targets: Si
- Silicon Shaped Charge: Si
- Silicon Cylinders: Si
- Silicon Wafers: Si
- Silicon Arsenide Polycrystalline Ingot: SiAs
- Silicon Arsenide Polycrystalline Chunk: SiAs
- Silicon Phosphide Polycrystalline Ingot: SiP
- Silicon Phosphide Polycrystalline Chunk: SiP
Silver: Ag
- Silver acetate: AgC2H3O2
- Silver bromide: AgBr
- Silver carbonate: Ag2CO3
- Silver chloride: AgCl
- Silver fluoride: AgF
- Silver iodide: AgI
- Silver nitrate: AgNO3
- Silver Metal: Ag2O
- Silver perrhenate: AgReO4
- Silver phosphate: Ag3PO4
- Silver sulfate: Ag2SO4
- Silver triocyanate: AgSCN
- Potassium dicyanoargentate: KAg(CN)2
Sodium: Na
- Sodium acetate: NaC2H3O2
- Sodium bromide: NaBr
- Sodium carbonate: Na2CO3
- Sodium chloride: NaCl
- Sodium dihydrogen phosphate: NaH2PO4
- Sodium fluoride: NaF
- Sodium hydrogen sulfate: NaHSO4
- Sodium nitrate: NaNO3
- Sodium oxalate: Na2CO4
- Sodium sulfate: NaSO4
Strontium: Sr
- Strontium acetate: Sr(C2H3O2)2
- Strontium bromide: SrBr2
- Strontium carbonate: SrCO3
- Strontium chloride: SrCl2·6H2O
- Strontium fluoride: SrF2
- Strontium nitrate: Sr(NO3)2
- Strontium sulfate: SrSO4
Tantalum: Ta
- Tantalum metal: Ta
- Tantalum Metal: Ta2O5
- Potassium tantalfluoride: K2TaF7
Tellurium: Te
- Tellurium metal: Te
- Tellurium Metal: TeO2
- Tellurium Polycrystalline Chunk: Te
- Tellurium Shaped Charge: Te
Terbium: Tb
- Terbium metal: Tb
- Terbium Metal: Tb4O7
- Terbium acetate: Tb(C2H3O2)3·xH2O
- Terbium bromide: TbBr2·xH2O
- Terbium carbonate: Tb2(CO3)3·xH2O
- Terbium chloride: TbCl3·6H2O
- Terbium fluoride: TbF3
- Terbium nitrate: Tb(NO3)3·6H2O
- Terbium oxalate: Tb(C2O4)3·10H2O
- Terbium sulfate: Tb2(SO4)3·8H2O
Thallium: Tl
- Thallium acetate: TlC2H3O2
- Thallium bromide: TlBr
- Thallium chloride: TlCl
- Thallium iodide: TlI
- Thallium nitrate: TlNO3
- Thallium sulfate: Tl2SO4
Thorium: Th
- Thorium metal: Th
- Thorium nitrate: Th(NO3)4·xH2O
- Thorium Metal: ThO2
Thulium: Tm
- Thulium metal: Tm
- Thulium Metal: Tm2O3
- Thulium acetate: Tm(C2H3O2)3·xH2O
- Thulium bromide: TmBr3
- Thulium carbonate: Tm2(CO3)3·xH2O
- Thulium chloride: TmCl3·6H2O
- Thulium fluoride: TmF3
- Thulium nitrate: Tm(NO3)3·5H2O
- Thulium oxalate: Tm(C2O4)3·6H2O
- Thulium sulfate: Tm(SO4)3·8H2O
Tin: Sn
- Tin metal: Sn (Ingot, Solder)
- Tin oxide: SnO2
- Tin chloride: SnCl2
- Ammonium hexafluorostannate: (NH4)2SnF6
- Tin Ingot: Sn
- Tin Chunk: Sn
- Tin Shaped Charge: Sn
- Tin Arsenide Polycrystalline Chunk: SnAs
- Tin Selenide Polycrystalline Ingot: SnSe
- Tin Selenide Polycrystalline Chunk: SnSe
- Tin Selenide Targets: SnSe
- Tin Selenide Shaped Charge: SnSe
- Tin Telluride Polycrystalline Ingot: SnTe
- Tin Telluride Polycrystalline Chunk: SnTe
- Tin Telluride Targets: SnTe
- Tin Telluride Shaped Charge: SnTe
-
Titanium: Ti
- Titanium metal: Ti
- Titanium oxide: TiO2
- Ammonium hexafluorotitanate: (NH4)2TiF6
- Ammonium titanyl oxalate: (NH4)2TiO(C2O4)2·H2O
Tungsten: W
- Tungsten metal: W
- Ferrotungsten: Fe-W
- Tungsten carbide: WC
- Tungsten Oxide: WO3
- Ammonium tetrathiotungstate: (NH4)2WS4
- Ammonium tungstate: (NH4)2WO4
- Sodium tungstate: NH2WO4·2H2O
Vanadium: V
- Ferrovanadium: Fe-V
- Vanadium Oxide: V2O5
- Ammonium metavanadate: NH4VO3
- Potassium metavanadate: KVO3
- Vanadyl sulfate: VOSO4·xH2O
Ytterbium: Yb
- Ytterbium metal: Yb
- Ytterbium Oxide: Yb2O3
- Ytterbium acetate: Yb(C2H3O2)2·4H2O
- Ytterbium bromide: YbBr3·6H2O
- Ytterbium carbonate: Yb2(CO3)3·xH2O
- Ytterbium chloride: YbCl3·6H2O
- Ytterbium fluoride: YbF3
- Ytterbium nitrate: Yb2(NO3)3·5H2O
- Ytterbium oxalate: Yb2(C2O4)3·10H2O
- Ytterbium sulfate: Yb2(SO4)3·8H2O
Yttrium: Y
- Yttrium metal: Y
- Yttrium-aluminum alloy: Y-Al
- Yttrium Metal: Y2O3
- Yttrium stabilized zirconia: Y2O3 + ZrO2
- Yttrium nitrate
- Yttrium chloride
- Yttrium acetate: Y(C2H3O2)3·4H2O
- Yttrium carbonate: Y2(CO3)3·3H2O
- Yttrium fluoride: YF3
- Yttrium oxalate: Y2(C2O4)3·9H2O
- Yttrium sulfate: Y(SO4)3·8H2O
Zinc: Zn
- Zinc metal: Zn
- Zinc Oxide: ZnO
- Zinc acetate: Zn(OAC)2·xH2O
- Zinc bromide: ZnBr2
- Zinc chloride: ZnCl2
- Zinc fluoride: ZnF2
- Zinc iodide: ZnI2
- Zinc nitrate: Zn(NO3)2·6H2O
- Zinc sulfate: ZnSO4
- Zinc Ingot: Zn
- Zinc Chunk: Zn
- Zinc Shaped Charge: Zn
- Zinc Telluride Polycrystalline Ingot: ZnTe
- Zinc Telluride Polycrystalline Chunk: ZnTe
- Zinc Telluride Targets: ZnTe
- Zinc Telluride Shaped Charge: ZnT
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