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CARBONATE INFORMATION CENTER
 AE Carbonates ™

32.4 (A)/00.022


Hydrogen                                Helium  
Lithium Beryllium                     Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium                     Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Cesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Ununquadium Ununpentium Ununhexium Ununseptium Ununoctium
                                   
    Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium    
    Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawerencium      

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Carbonate Ion

A carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid containing the carbonate ion, CO32−.  Metal carbonates may be ionic or may contain covalent metal-carbonate bonds via one or two oxygen atoms. Many minerals, including calcite, dolomite, and aragonite, consist of or contain carbonates. Sodium carbonate is one of the world's most important basic chemical commodities. Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3, and potassium carbonate, K2CO3, are widely used. Calcium carbonate is found in shells of animals and in Iceland spar, limestone, and marble; it is used in the production of lime (calcium oxide). Barium carbonate occurs as the mineral witherite. Magnesium carbonate occurs as magnesite and in dolomite (with calcium carbonate). Iron carbonate is a ferrous compound that occurs in nature as siderite. White lead used as a pigment in paints is basic lead carbonate. Potassium and sodium carbonates are readily soluble in water, alkali metal carbonates are stable when heated, but other carbonates decompose, releasing carbon dioxide. Carbonates also give off carbon dioxide when treated with dilute acids, e.g., hydrochloric acid.

Purities include 99%, 99.9%, 99.99%, 99.999% and 99.9999% which are sometimes referred to as 2N, 3N, 4N, 5N and 6N.

Physical properties may include nanopowder, nano particle, submicron, - 325 mesh, rod, foil, and high surface area carbonate with particle distribution and particle size controlled and certified. We produce larger - 40 mesh, - 100 mesh, -200 mesh range sizes and < 0.5 mm, 2 mm, 5 mm and other mm size shot, granules, lump, flake and pieces, too.

American Elements maintains industrial scale production for all its carbonate products.

American Elements will execute Non-Disclosure or Confidentiality Agreements to protect customer know-how.

Please select a Carbonate Material from the table:

Aluminum Carbonate
Antimony Carbonate
Barium Carbonate
Beryllium Carbonate
Bismuth Carbonate
Cadmium Carbonate
Calcium Carbonate
Cerium Carbonate
Cesium Carbonate
Chromium Carbonate
Cobalt Carbonate
Cobalt Carbonate Hydrate
Copper Carbonate
Dysprosium Carbonate
Erbium Carbonate
Europium Carbonate
Gadolinium Carbonate
Graphene Monolayer
Graphene Oxide Monolayer
Graphene Multilayer
Holmium Carbonate
Indium Carbonate
Iron Carbonate
Lanthanum Carbonate
Lead Carbonate
Lithium Carbonate 		Lutetium Carbonate
Magnesium Aluminum Hydroxycarbonate
Magnesium Carbonate
Magnesium Carbonate Hydroxide Pentahydrate
Manganese Carbonate
Neodymium Carbonate
Nickel Carbonate
Nickel Carbonate basic Hydrate
Potassium Carbonate
Praseodymium Carbonate
Rubidium Carbonate
Samarium Carbonate
Scandium Carbonate
Silver Carbonate 		Sodium Carbonate
Sodium Carbonate Decahydrate
Strontium Carbonate
Terbium Carbonate
Thallium Carbonate
Thallium(I) Carbonate
Thorium Carbonate
Thulium Carbonate
Uranium Carbonate
Ytterbium Carbonate
Yttrium Carbonate
Zinc Carbonate
Zirconium Carbonate

French Carbonate German Karbonat Italian Carbonato Portuguese Carbonato Spanish Carbonato 碳酸盐 炭酸塩 Swedish Karbonat

 
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Recent Research & Development for Carbonate

  • An in-situ study investigating dentine tubule occlusion of dentifrices following acid challenge. Olley RC, Pilecki P, Hughes N, Jeffery P, Austin RS, Moazzez R, Bartlett D. J Dent. 2012 Apr 4. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22484377 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • FT-IR spectral studies on certain human urinary stones in the patients of rural area. Selvaraju R, Thiruppathi G, Raja A. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2012 Mar 17;93C:260-265. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22484261 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Ionic Nucleophilic Catalysis of Chiral Ammonium Betaines for Highly Stereoselective Aldol Reaction from Oxindole-Derived Vinylic Carbonates. Uraguchi D, Koshimoto K, Ooi T. J Am Chem Soc. 2012 Apr 6. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22482889 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Large-scale first-principles molecular dynamics for electrochemical systems with O(N) methods. Ohwaki T, Otani M, Ikeshoji T, Ozaki T. J Chem Phys. 2012 Apr 7;136(13):134101. PMID: 22482534 [PubMed - in process]

  • Conceptual models for carbonate aquifers. 1969. White WB. Ground Water. 2012 Mar-Apr;50(2):180-6. No abstract available. PMID: 22482126 [PubMed - in process]

  • Shape-controlled synthesis of high tap density cathode oxides for lithium ion batteries. Cao A, Manthiram A. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2012 Apr 5. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22481275 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Pre-terminal renal insufficiency in a patient with enteric hyperoxaluria: effect of medical management on renal function. Pipeleers L, Wissing KM, Pirson Y, Cosyns JP, Geers C, Tielemans C. Acta Clin Belg. 2012 Jan-Feb;67(1):39-41. PMID: 22480038 [PubMed - in process]

  • Removal of Cu, Zn, and Cd from aqueous solutions by the dairy manure-derived biochar. Xu X, Cao X, Zhao L, Wang H, Yu H, Gao B. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2012 Apr 5. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22477163 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Lanthanum carbonate: a postmarketing observational study of efficacy and safety. Rombolà G, Londrino F, Corbani V, Falqui V, Ardini M, Zattera T, Lanthanum Experience Litolae Group OB. J Nephrol. 2012 Apr 4:0. doi: 10.5301/jn.5000118. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22476966 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Bio-filler from waste shellfish shell: Preparation, characterization, and its effect on the mechanical properties on polypropylene composites. Li HY, Tan YQ, Zhang L, Zhang YX, Song YH, Ye Y, Xia MS. J Hazard Mater. 2012 Mar 19. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22476096 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Asymmetric Total Synthesis and Absolute Stereochemistry of the Neuroactive Marine Macrolide Palmyrolide A. Tello-Aburto R, Johnson EM, Valdez CK, Maio WA. Org Lett. 2012 Apr 4. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22475318 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Stereoselective Assembly of Complex Oligosaccharides Using Anomeric Sulfonium Ions as Glycosyl Donors. Fang T, Mo KF, Boons GJ. J Am Chem Soc. 2012 Apr 4. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22475263 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Predictable and tunable half-life extension of therapeutic agents by controlled chemical release from macromolecular conjugates. Santi DV, Schneider EL, Reid R, Robinson L, Ashley GW. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Apr 2. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22474378 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Novel Molluskan Biomineralization Proteins Retrieved from Proteomics: A Case Study with Upsalin. Ramos-Silva P, Benhamada S, Le Roy N, Marie B, Guichard N, Zanella-Cléon I, Plasseraud L, Corneillat M, Alcaraz G, Kaandorp J, Marin F. Chembiochem. 2012 Apr 4. doi: 10.1002/cbic.201100708. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22474002 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Biomimetic approach to forming chitin/aragonite composites. Munro NH, McGrath KM. Chem Commun (Camb). 2012 Apr 4. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22473223 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Regioselective Enzymatic Carboxylation of Phenols and Hydroxystyrene Derivatives. Wuensch C, Glueck SM, Gross J, Koszelewski D, Schober M, Faber K. Org Lett. 2012 Apr 3. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22471935 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Diastereo- and Enantioselective [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Carbonates of Isatins with N-Phenylmaleimide Catalyzed by Me-DuPhos. Wang Y, Liu L, Zhang T, Zhong NJ, Wang D, Chen YJ. J Org Chem. 2012 Apr 3. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22471756 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • The effect of gastric acid suppression with pantoprazole on the efficacy of calcium carbonate as a phosphate binder in haemodialysis patients. Cervelli MJ, Shaman A, Meade A, Carroll R, McDonald SP. Nephrology (Carlton). 2012 Apr 4. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2012.01604.x. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22471559 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Analysis of the molecular structure of human enamel with fluorosis using micro-Raman spectroscopy. Zavala-Alonso V, Loyola-Rodríguez JP, Terrones H, Patiño-Marín N, Martínez-Castañón GA, Anusavice K. J Oral Sci. 2012;54(1):93-8. PMID: 22466892 [PubMed - in process]

  • Stone-isolated carbonatogenic bacteria as inoculants in bioconsolidation treatments for historical limestone. Jroundi F, Gómez-Suaga P, Jimenez-Lopez C, González-Muñoz MT, Fernandez-Vivas MA. Sci Total Environ. 2012 Mar 30. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22464961 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]


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