Actinium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
 Actinium is a radioactive metal that is silvery-white in appearance. Rapidly reacting with the combination of moisture in the air and oxygen, Actinium forms a white coating of actinium oxide which prevents further oxidation. Rarely occurring naturally in the Earth’s crust, Actinium can be made in the lab, but has very minimal important uses.
Actinium is an F-Block, Period 7 element. The number of electrons in each of Actinium's shells is 2,8,18,32,18,9,2 and its electronic configuration is [Rn] 6d1 7s2. In its elemental form Actinium's CAS number 7440-34-8. The actinium atom has a radius of 195 pm.
 First was noted as a new element by a French chemist, André-Louis Debierne, in 1899. Actinium was discovered again as an independent element in 1902 by German chemist Friedrich Oskar Giesel.
 Actinium |
 Actinium |
 Attinio |
 Actínio |
 Actinio |
 Aktinium |
Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of actinium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.
| Isotope |
Atomic Mass |
% Abundance on Earth |
| Ac-224 |
224.021708 |
- |
| Ac-225 |
225.02322 |
- |
| Ac-226 |
226.026089 |
- |
| Ac-227 |
227.027750 (3) |
- |
| Ac-228 |
228.031104 |
- |
| Ac-229 |
229.03293 |
- |
The following table shows the abundance of actinium present in the human body and in the universe scaled to parts per billion (ppb) by weight and by atom:
| |
Typical Human Body |
Universe |
| by Weight |
- |
0 |
| by Atom |
- |
- |
Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for actinium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:
| 1st Ionization Energy |
499 kJ mol-1 |
| 2nd Ionization Energy |
1170 kJ mol-1
|
Conductivity. As to actinium 's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured in terms of electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is10-8 µOcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 1.1. The thermal conductivity of actinium is 12 W m-1 K-1.
Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for actinium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.
| Heat of Fusion |
14.2 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat of Vaporization |
400 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat of Atomization |
406 kJ mol-1 |
Recent Research & Development for Actinium
The discoveries of uranium 237 and symmetric fission - From the archival papers of Nishina and Kimura.
Ikeda N.
Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci. 2011;87(7):371-6.
PMID:
21785255
[PubMed - in process]
Background radiation and individual dosimetry in the costal area of Tamil Nadu, India.
Matsuda N, Brahmanandhan GM, Yoshida M, Takamura N, Suyama A, Koguchi Y, Juto N, Raj YL, Winsley G, Selvasekarapandian S.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2011;146(1-3):314-7. Epub 2011 Apr 18.
PMID:
21502300
[PubMed - in process]
LaPO4 nanoparticles doped with actinium-225 that partially sequester daughter radionuclides.
Woodward J, Kennel SJ, Stuckey A, Osborne D, Wall J, Rondinone AJ, Standaert RF, Mirzadeh S.
Bioconjug Chem. 2011 Apr 20;22(4):766-76. Epub 2011 Mar 24.
PMID:
21434681
[PubMed - in process]
Radiation doses to members of the U.S. population from ubiquitous radionuclides in the body: Part 3, results, variability, and uncertainty.
Watson DJ, Strom DJ.
Health Phys. 2011 Apr;100(4):402-16.
PMID:
21350346
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Radiation doses to members of the U.S. population from ubiquitous radionuclides in the body: Part 1, autopsy and in vivo data.
Watson DJ, Strom DJ.
Health Phys. 2011 Apr;100(4):359-76. Review.
PMID:
21350344
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Review of Fulleranes: The Hydrogenated Fullerenes Fulleranes: The Hydrogenated Fullerenes . Edited by Franco Cataldo (Actinium Chemical Research Institute, Rome, Italy) and Susana Iglesias-Groth (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain). From the series, Carbon Materials: Chemistry and Physics, 02. Edited by F. Cataldo and P. Milani . Springer Science + Business Media B.V. : Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York . 2010 . xiv + 278 pp. $189. ISBN 978-1-4020-9886-4 .
Selegue JP.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Jan 14. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
21235204
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Renal uptake of bismuth-213 and its contribution to kidney radiation dose following administration of actinium-225-labeled antibody.
Schwartz J, Jaggi JS, O'Donoghue JA, Ruan S, McDevitt M, Larson SM, Scheinberg DA, Humm JL.
Phys Med Biol. 2011 Feb 7;56(3):721-33. Epub 2011 Jan 10.
PMID:
21220845
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
RBE of a-particles from (211)At for complex DNA damage and cell survival in relation to cell cycle position.
Claesson K, Magnander K, Kahu H, Lindegren S, Hultborn R, Elmroth K.
Int J Radiat Biol. 2011 Apr;87(4):372-84. Epub 2010 Dec 21.
PMID:
21171940
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Imaging and treating tumor vasculature with targeted radiolabeled carbon nanotubes.
Ruggiero A, Villa CH, Holland JP, Sprinkle SR, May C, Lewis JS, Scheinberg DA, McDevitt MR.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2010 Oct 5;5:783-802.
PMID:
21042424
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Synthesis, characterization, and modeling of naphthyl-terminated sp carbon chains: dinaphthylpolyynes.
Cataldo F, Ravagnan L, Cinquanta E, Castelli IE, Manini N, Onida G, Milani P.
J Phys Chem B. 2010 Nov 25;114(46):14834-41. Epub 2010 Oct 25.
PMID:
20973472
[PubMed]
Interaction of C(60) fullerene with lipids.
Cataldo F.
Chem Phys Lipids. 2010 Jun;163(6):524-9. Epub 2010 Mar 23.
PMID:
20338159
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Radioimmunotherapy of breast cancer metastases with alpha-particle emitter 225Ac: comparing efficacy with 213Bi and 90Y.
Song H, Hobbs RF, Vajravelu R, Huso DL, Esaias C, Apostolidis C, Morgenstern A, Sgouros G.
Cancer Res. 2009 Dec 1;69(23):8941-8. Epub 2009 Nov 17.
PMID:
19920193
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Evaluation of total effective dose due to certain environmentally placed naturally occurring radioactive materials using a procedural adaptation of RESRAD code.
Beauvais ZS, Thompson KH, Kearfott KJ.
Health Phys. 2009 Jul;97(1):50-67.
PMID:
19509509
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Mutagenesis induced by targeted alpha therapy using 213Bi-cDTPA-9.2.27 in lacZ transgenic mice.
Allen BJ, So T, Abbas Rizvi SM, Song EY, Fernandez HR, Lutz-Mann L.
Cancer Biol Ther. 2009 May;8(9):777-81. Epub 2009 May 9.
PMID:
19337032
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Development of a method for activity measurements of 232Th daughters with a multidetector gamma-ray coincidence spectrometer.
Antovic N, Svrkota N.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2009 Jun;67(6):1133-8. Epub 2009 Feb 26.
PMID:
19299155
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in airborne particulate samples collected in Barcelona (Spain).
Vallés I, Camacho A, Ortega X, Serrano I, Blázquez S, Pérez S.
J Environ Radioact. 2009 Feb;100(2):102-7. Epub 2008 Nov 22.
PMID:
19027201
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Radium-228 analysis of natural waters by Cherenkov counting of Actinium-228.
Aleissa KA, Almasoud FI, Islam MS, L'Annunziata MF.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2008 Dec;66(12):1954-63. Epub 2008 Jun 10.
PMID:
18632278
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Realizing the potential of the Actinium-225 radionuclide generator in targeted alpha particle therapy applications.
Miederer M, Scheinberg DA, McDevitt MR.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2008 Sep;60(12):1371-82. Epub 2008 Apr 23. Review.
PMID:
18514364
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Enhanced loading efficiency and retention of 225Ac in rigid liposomes for potential targeted therapy of micrometastases.
Chang MY, Seideman J, Sofou S.
Bioconjug Chem. 2008 Jun;19(6):1274-82. Epub 2008 May 28.
PMID:
18505278
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Chemosorption of radiometals of interest to nuclear medicine by synthetic melanins.
Howell RC, Schweitzer AD, Casadevall A, Dadachova EA.
Nucl Med Biol. 2008 Apr;35(3):353-7.
PMID:
18355691
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
