Silver (Ag) Nanoparticles, nanodots or nanopowder are spherical or nanoflake high surface area metal particles with properties and uses that include inhibiting transmission of HIV and other viruses. See Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and recent research. Nanoscale Silver Particles are available in the size range of 10-200 nm, with specific surface area (SSA) in the 30-60 m 2 /g range and also available as flakes with an average particle size of 2-10 micron range with a specific surface area of approximately 40-80 m 2 /g. Nano Silver Particles are also available in Ultra high purity and high purity and coated and dispersed forms. They are also available as a nanofluid through the AE Nanofluid production group. Nanofluids are generally defined as suspended nanoparticles in solution either using surfactant or surface charge technology. Nanofluid dispersion and coating selection technical guidance is also available. Other nanostructures include nanorods, nanowhiskers, nanohorns, nanopyramids and other nanocomposites. Surface functionalized nanoparticles allow for the particles to be preferentially adsorbed at the surface interface using chemically bound polymers. Development research is underway in Nano Electronics and Photonics materials, such as MEMS and NEMS, Bio Nano Materials, such as Biomarkers, Bio Diagnostics & Bio Sensors, and Related Nano Materials, for use in Polymers, Textiles, Fuel Cell Layers, Composites and Solar Energy materials. Nanopowders are analyzed for chemical composition by ICP, particle size distribution (PSD) by laser diffraction, and for Specific Surface Area (SSA) by BET multi-point correlation techniques. Novel nanotechnology applications also include Quantum Dots. High surface areas can also be achieved using solutions and using thin film by sputtering targets and evaporation technology using pellets, rod and foil.. Applications for silver nanocrystals and flakes include as an anti-microbial, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-biotic and anti-fungal agent when incorporated in coatings, nanofiber, first aid bandages, dressings, sticking plasters, plastics, soap and textiles, in self cleaning fabrics, and as conductive filler. It is also used in nanowire and in certain catalyst applications. S-MITE HIV Inhibator™ is a proprietary form of silver nano powder that has been shown to deactivate HIV by inhibiting the virus from attaching to the host with undetectable levels of cytotoxicity. HIV medical health creams may prevent sexual transmission of HIV-1. See the Silver Nanoparticles Product Data Sheet. Silver Nano Particles are generally immediately available in most volumes.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Silver is a Block D, Group 11, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Silver's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Kr]4d10 5s1. In its elemental form silver's CAS number is 7440-22-4. The silver atom has a radius of 144.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 144.pm. Silver is not toxic although most silver salts are poisonous. Silver has a brilliant white metallic luster. It is a little harder than gold and is very ductile and malleable, being exceeded only by gold and perhaps palladium. Pure silver has the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of all metals, and possesses the lowest contact resistance. It is stable in pure air and water, but tarnishes when exposed to ozone, hydrogen sulfide, or air containing sulfur. Silver nitrate has wide application in painting, xerography, chemical electroplating, in components for electric batteries and in medicine as catalyst. Silver chloride is another important compound, due to its ductility and malleability. The organic compounds of the element are used in the coating of several metals and in dynamite or other explosive bars. Metallic silver is used as a catalyst of several oxidation reactions such as those of ethanol and other alcohols. Silver is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Silver was first discovered by Early Man. Silver was named after the Anglo-Saxon word "seolfor" or "siolfur" meaning 'silver'. See Silver research below.
Contemporary management of lymph node metastases from an unknown primary to the neck: II. A review of therapeutic options.
Strojan P, Ferlito A, Langendijk JA, Corry J, Woolgar JA, Rinaldo A, Silver CE, Paleri V, Fagan JJ, Pellitteri PK, Haigentz M Jr, Suárez C, Robbins KT, Rodrigo JP, Olsen KD, Hinni ML, Werner JA, Mondin V, Kowalski LP, Devaney KO, de Bree R, Takes RP, Wolf GT, Shaha AR, Genden EM, Barnes L.
Head Neck. 2011 Oct 27. doi: 10.1002/hed.21899. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22034062
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Contemporary management of lymph node metastases from an unknown primary to the neck: I. A review of diagnostic approaches.
Strojan P, Ferlito A, Medina JE, Woolgar JA, Rinaldo A, Robbins KT, Fagan JJ, Mendenhall WM, Paleri V, Silver CE, Olsen KD, Corry J, Suárez C, Rodrigo JP, Langendijk JA, Devaney KO, Kowalski LP, Hartl DM, Haigentz M Jr, Werner JA, Pellitteri PK, de Bree R, Wolf GT, Takes RP, Genden EM, Hinni ML, Mondin V, Shaha AR, Barnes L.
Head Neck. 2011 Oct 27. doi: 10.1002/hed.21898. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22034046
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Feeding deterrent activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles using Manilkara zapota leaf extract against the house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae).
Kamaraj C, Rajakumar G, Rahuman AA, Velayutham K, Bagavan A, Zahir AA, Elango G.
Parasitol Res. 2011 Oct 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22033735
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The magnet® model: an infrastructure for excellence.
Luzinski C.
J Nurs Adm. 2011 Nov;41(11):441-2.
PMID:
22033310
[PubMed - in process]
Surface tunability of nanoparticles in modulating platelet functions.
Deb S, Raja SO, Dasgupta AK, Sarkar R, Chattopadhyay AP, Chaudhuri U, Guha P, Sardar P.
Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2011 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22033068
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Bio-based nanocomposite coating to preserve quality of Fior di latte cheese.
Gammariello D, Conte A, Buonocore GG, Del Nobile MA.
J Dairy Sci. 2011 Nov;94(11):5298-304.
PMID:
22032352
[PubMed - in process]
European ban on stem-cell patents has a silver lining.
Callaway E.
Nature. 2011 Oct 24;478(7370):441. doi: 10.1038/478441a. No abstract available.
PMID:
22031415
[PubMed - in process]
Use of atorvastatin in systemic lupus erythematosus in children and adolescents.
Schanberg LE, Sandborg C, Barnhart HX, Ardoin SP, Yow E, Evans GW, Mieszkalski KL, Ilowite NT, Eberhard A, Imundo LF, Kimura Y, von Scheven E, Silverman E, Bowyer SL, Punaro L, Singer NG, Sherry DD, McCurdy D, Klein-Gitelman M, Wallace C, Silver R, Wagner-Weiner L, Higgins GC, Brunner HI, Jung L, Soep JB, Reed AM, Provenzale J, Thompson SD; for the APPLE investigators..
Arthritis Rheum. 2011 Oct 26. doi: 10.1002/art.30645. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22031171
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Biomimetic synthesis of chiral erbium-doped silver/peptide/silica core-shell nanoparticles (ESPN).
Mantion A, Graf P, Florea I, Haase A, Thünemann AF, Masic A, Ersen O, Rabu P, Meier W, Luch A, Taubert A.
Nanoscale. 2011 Oct 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22031101
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effect of tetracycline on the bond performance of etch-and-rinse adhesives to dentin.
Stanislawczuk R, Costa JA, Polli LG, Reis A, Loguercio AD.
Braz Oral Res. 2011 Oct;25(5):459-65.
PMID:
22031061
[PubMed - in process]
Measuring quality of life in cleft lip and palate patients: currently available patient-reported outcomes measures.
Eckstein DA, Wu RL, Akinbiyi T, Silver L, Taub PJ.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011 Nov;128(5):518e-26e.
PMID:
22030513
[PubMed - in process]
A systematic review of silver-containing dressings and topical silver agents (used with dressings) for burn wounds.
Aziz Z, Abu SF, Chong NJ.
Burns. 2011 Oct 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22030441
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
CTSA-IP: A Solution to Identifying and Aggregating Intellectual Property across the NIH Clinical Translational Science Award (CTSA) Consortium of Biomedical Research Institutes.
Hazard M, Steele S, Wang D, Pearson T, Scheideler M, Dewhurst S.
Clin Transl Sci. 2011 Oct;4(5):328-331. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2011.00308.x.
PMID:
22029803
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Use of Fluorescent DNA-Templated Gold/Silver Nanoclusters for the Detection of Sulfide Ions.
Chen WY, Lan GY, Chang HT.
Anal Chem. 2011 Oct 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22029551
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
What Point-of-Use Water Treatment Products Do Consumers Use? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial among the Urban Poor in Bangladesh.
Luoto J, Najnin N, Mahmud M, Albert J, Islam MS, Luby S, Unicomb L, Levine DI.
PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26132. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
PMID:
22028817
[PubMed - in process]
Correction: circulating soluble endoglin levels in pregnant women in cameroon and Malawi-associations with placental malaria and fetal growth restriction.
Silver KL, Conroy AL, Leke RG, Leke RJ, Gwanmesia P, Molyneux ME, Wallace Taylor D, Rogerson SJ, Kain KC.
PLoS One. 2011;6(10). doi: 10.1371/annotation/e9946f72-821d-45ea-bcd4-3fa3ff89a5fe. Epub 2011 Oct 7.
PMID:
22028764
[PubMed - in process]
Fc receptor-like 5 promotes B cell proliferation and drives the development of cells displaying switched isotypes.
Dement-Brown J, Newton CS, Ise T, Damdinsuren B, Nagata S, Tolnay M.
J Leukoc Biol. 2011 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22028333
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Colorimetric detection of copper ions in tap water during the synthesis of silver/dopamine nanoparticles.
Ma YR, Niu HY, Zhang XL, Cai YQ.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Oct 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22027901
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Measuring and manipulating subjective organization after traumatic brain injury.
Parente R, Demott E, Johnson C, Jennings P, Silver R.
NeuroRehabilitation. 2011 Jan 1;29(2):117-24.
PMID:
22027072
[PubMed - in process]
Development of a Histidine-Targeted Spectrophotometric Sensor Using Ni(II)NTA Functionalized Au and Ag Nanoparticles.
Swartz JD, Gulka CP, Haselton FR, Wright DW.
Langmuir. 2011 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22026818
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Nanoparticles in Medicine: Therapeutic Applications and Developments.
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Oct 24; [Epub ahead of print]
The formation of nanoscale structures in soluble phosphosilicate glasses for biomedical applications: MD simulations.
Faraday Discuss. 2007;136:45-55; discussion 107-23.
Microwave-accelerated metal-enhanced fluorescence: an ultra-fast and sensitive DNA sensing platform.
Analyst. 2007 Nov;132(11):1122-9. Epub 2007 Sep 11.
Gas sensors based on nanostructured materials.
Analyst. 2007 Nov;132(11):1083-1099. Epub 2007 Sep 18.
Novel Arylhydrazone-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles with DNA-Cleaving Ability: The First DNA-Nicking Nanomaterial.
Bioconjug Chem. 2007 Oct 23; [Epub ahead of print]
Stability and Adsorption Properties of Electrostatic Complexes: Design of Hybrid Nanostructures for Coating Applications.
Langmuir. 2007 Oct 20; [Epub ahead of print]
Use of the Interparticle i-Motif for the Controlled Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles.
Langmuir. 2007 Oct 19; [Epub ahead of print]
Surface-potential heterogeneity of reacted calcite and rhodochrosite.
Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Sep 15;41(18):6491-7.
Controlled Bioactive Nanostructures from Self-Assembly of Peptide Building Blocks.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2007 Oct 19; [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
Nanostructure analysis using spatially modulated illumination microscopy.
Nat Protoc. 2007;2(10):2640-6.
Deposition of controlled thickness ultrathin SnO2:Sb films by spin-coating. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2006 Dec;6(12):3849-53.
Self-assembly of tin oxide nanoparticles: localized percolating network formation in polymer matrix. Langmuir. 2006 Oct 24;22(22):9260-3.]
Control of the electrical conductivity of composites of antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles and acrylate by grafting of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS). J Colloid Interface Sci. 2006 Dec 15;304(2):394-401. Epub 2006 Sep 7.
Ultrafast electron transfer between molecule adsorbate and antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B Condens Matter Mater Surf Interfaces Biophys. 2005 Apr 21;109(15):7095-102.
Nanoscale zinc antimonides: synthesis and phase stability. Inorg Chem. 2006 Feb 20;45(4):1693-7.
Aqueous latex/ceramic nanoparticle dispersions: colloidal stability and coating properties. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2004 Dec 15;280(2):387-99.
Nonlinear responses of electronic-excitation-induced phase transformations in GaSb nanoparticles. Phys Rev Lett. 2004 Apr 2;92(13):135501. Epub 2004 Mar 29.
Surface modification of oxidic nanoparticles using 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2004 Jan 1;269(1):109-16.
Sonochemical preparation of GaSb nanoparticles. Inorg Chem. 2002 Feb 25;41(4):637-9.
Ultrastructural changes in parasites induced by nanoparticle-bound pentamidine in a Leishmania major/mouse model. Parasite. 1997 Jun;4(2):133-9.
For additional information on toxicity, please refer to Section 11.
4 First aid measures
ORAL EXPOSURE
If swallowed, wash out mouth with water provided person is conscious. Call a physician.
INHALATION EXPOSURE
If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If breathing becomes difficult, call a physician.
DERMAL EXPOSURE
In case of contact, immediately wash skin with soap and copious amounts of water.
EYE EXPOSURE
In case of contact with eyes, flush with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Assure adequate flushing by separating the eyelids with fingers. Call a physician.
5 Fire fighting measures
EXPLOSION DATA
Dust Potential: This material, like most materials in powder form, is capable of creating a dust explosion.
FLASH POINT: N/A AUTOIGNITION TEMP: N/A FLAMMABILITY: N/A EXTINGUISHING MEDIA
Suitable: Sand or dry powder type agents specially designed for metal powder fires.
FIREFIGHTING
Protective Equipment: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing to prevent contact with skin and eyes.
Specific Hazard(s): Emits toxic fumes under fire conditions.
6 Accidental release measures
PROCEDURE(S) OF PERSONAL PRECAUTION(S):
Exercise appropriate precautions to minimize direct contact with skin or eyes and prevent inhalation of dust.
METHODS FOR CLEANING UP:
Sweep up, place in a bag and hold for waste disposal. Avoid raising dust. Ventilate area and wash spill site after material pickup is complete.
7 Handling and storage
HANDLING
User Exposure: Avoid inhalation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Avoid prolonged or repeated exposure.
STORAGE
Suitable: Keep container closed. Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flame. Store under nitrogen.
Special Requirements:
Air sensitive. Store under inert gas
8 Exposure controls and personal protection
ENGINEERING CONTROLS:
Safety shower and eye bath. Mechanical exhaust required.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Respiratory: Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU). Respiratory protection is not required. Where protection from nuisance levels of dusts are desired, use type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) dust masks.
Hand: Protective gloves.
Eye: Chemical safety goggles.
GENERAL HYGIENE MEASURES:
Wash thoroughly after handling.
EXPOSURE LIMITS, RTECS:
Country, Source, Type, Value:
USA, ACGIH, TWA, 0.1 MG/M3 (METAL)
USA, MSHA, Standard-air TWA, 0.01 MG/M3
USA, OSHA, PEL 8H TWA, 0.01 MG(AG)/M3
New Zealand OEL
Remarks: check ACGIH TLV USA NIOSH TWA 0.01 MG/M3
9 Physical and chemical properties:
Appearance Physical State: Solid
Color: Grey
Form: Powder
Molecular Weight: 107.87 AMU
pH: N/A
BP/BP Range: N/A
MP/MP Range: 962 ° C
Freezing Point: N/A
Vapor Pressure: N/A
Vapor Density: N/A
Saturated Vapor Conc.: N/A
SG/Density: N/A
Bulk Density: N/A
Odor Threshold: N/A
Volatile%: N/A
LVOC Content: N/A
Water Content: N/A
Solvent Content: N/A
Evaporation Rate: N/A
Viscosity: N/A
Surface Tension: N/A
Partition Coefficient: N/A
Decomposition Temp: N/A
Flash Point: N/A
Explosion Limits: N/A
Flammability: N/A
Autoignition Temp: N/A
Refractive Index: N/A
Optical Rotation: N/A
Miscellaneous Data: N/A
Solubility: N/A
10 Stability and reactivity
Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided: Air.
Materials to be avoided: Oxygen, Strong acids, Strong bases.
Dangerous reactions: No dangerous reactions known
Dangerous products of decomposition: Silver/silver oxides.
11 Toxicological information
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE
Skin Contact: May cause skin irritation.
Skin Absorption: May be harmful if absorbed through the skin.
Eye Contact: May cause eye irritation.
Inhalation: Material may be irritating to mucous membranes and
upper respiratory tract. May be harmful if inhaled.
Ingestion: May be harmful if swallowed.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF EXPOSURE
May cause argyria (a slate-gray or bluish discoloration of the
skin and deep tissues due to the deposit of insoluble albuminate
of silver). To the best of our knowledge, the chemical,
physical, and toxicological properties have not been thoroughly
investigated.
CHRONIC EXPOSURE - CARCINOGEN
Species: Rat
Route of Application: Multiple
Dose: 330 MG/KG
Exposure Time: 43W
Frequency: I
Result: Tumorigenic:Tumors at site or application.
Tumorigenic:Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria.
Species: Rat
Route of Application: Implant
Dose: 2400 MG/KG
Result: Tumorigenic:Tumors at site or application.
Tumorigenic:Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria.
Species: Mouse
Route of Application: Implant
Dose: 11 GM/KG
Result: Tumorigenic:Tumors at site or application.
Tumorigenic:Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria.Species: Rat
Route of Application: Implant
Dose: 2570 MG/KG
Result: Tumorigenic:Tumors at site or application.
Tumorigenic:Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria.
12 Ecological information:
General notes:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
Generally not hazardous for water.
13 Disposal considerations
Product:
Recommendation
Consult state, local or national regulations for proper disposal.
Hand over to disposers of hazardous waste.
Must be specially treated under adherence to official regulations.
Uncleaned packagings:
Recommendation:
Disposal must be made according to official regulations.
14 Transport information
Land transport ADR/RID and GGVS/GGVE (cross-border/domestic)
ADR/RID-GGVS/E Class: None
Maritime transport IMDG/GGVSea:
IMDG/GGVSea Class: None
Air transport ICAO-TI and IATA-DGR:
ICAO/IATA Class: None
Transport/Additional information:
Not dangerous according to the above specifications.
15 Regulatory information
Designation according to EC guidelines:
Observe the normal safety regulations when handling chemicals
The product is not subject to identification regulations under EC Directives and the Ordinance on Hazardous Materials (GefStoffV).
National regulations
Information about limitation of use:
For use only by technically qualified individuals.
Water hazard class: Generally not hazardous for water.
16 Other information:
THE ABOVE INFORMATION IS BELIEVED TO BE CORRECT BUT DOES NOT PURPORT TO BE ALL INCLUSIVE AND SHALL BE USED ONLY AS A GUIDE. MERELEX CORPORATION SHALL NOT BE HELD LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGE RESULTING FROM HANDLING OR FROM CONTACT WITH THE ABOVE PRODUCT. SEE INVOICE, PACKING SLIPS OR OTHER DOCUMENTATION FOR ADDITIONAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE.
COPYRIGHT ?2003 MERELEX CORPORATION.
LICENSED GRANTED TO MAKE UNLIMITED PAPER COPIES FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY.