American Elements

 

Aluminum Copper Tungsten Sputtering Target
High Purity AlCu Sputtering Target
Product Product Code Order or Specifications
(2N) 99% Aluminum Copper Tungsten Sputtering Target AL-CUW-02-ST Contact American Elements
(2N5) 99.5% Aluminum Copper Tungsten Sputtering Target AL-CUW-025-ST Contact American Elements
(3N) 99.9% Aluminum Copper Tungsten Sputtering Target AL-CUW-03-ST Contact American Elements
(3N5) 99.95% Aluminum Copper Tungsten Sputtering Target AL-CUW-035-ST Contact American Elements
(4N) 99.99% Aluminum Copper Tungsten Sputtering Target AL-CUW-04-ST Contact American Elements
(5N) 99.999% Aluminum Copper Tungsten Sputtering Target AL-CUW-05-ST Contact American Elements
American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopeia/British Pharmacopeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.See safety data and research below and pricing/lead time above. American Elements specializes in producing high purity Aluminum Copper Tungsten Sputtering Targets with the highest possible density High Purity (99.99%) Metallic Sputtering Targetand smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes nanoparticles. We also produce Aluminum as disc, granules, ingot, pellets, pieces, powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request.

Aluminum(Al) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbolAluminum is a Block P, Group 13, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Aluminum's shells is 2, 8, 3 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p1. In its elemental form aluminum's CAS number is 7429-90-5. The aluminum atom has a radius of 143.2.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust. Aluminum is not known to be harmful but ingestion may cause Alzheimer's disease.Aluminum is a silvery-white metal that possesses many desirable characteristics. It is light, nonmagnetic and nonsparking. It stands second among metals in the scale of malleability, and sixth in ductility. It is extensively used in manyAluminum Bohr Model industrial applications where a strong, light, easily constructed material is needed. Although it's electrical conductivity is only about 60% that of copper, it is used in electrical transmission Elemental Aluminumlines because of its light weight. Pure aluminum is soft and lacks strength, but alloyed with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, or other elements impart a variety of useful properties. These alloys are of vital importance in the construction of modern aircraft and rockets. Aluminum, evaporated in a vacuum, forms a highly reflective coating for both visible light and radiant heat. They are used to coat telescope mirrors. Aluminum is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. See Aluminum research below.

Copper(Cu) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbolCopper is a Block D, Group 11, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Copper's shells is 2, 8, 18, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s1. In its elemental form copper's CAS number is 7440-50-8. The copper atom has a radius of 127.8 .pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 140.pm. Copper is an essential trace element in animals and plants, but in excess copper is toxic. Due to its high electrical conductivity, large amounts of copper are used by the electrical industry for wire. Of all pure metals, only silver has a higher electrical conductivity. Copper is also resistant to corrosion caused by moisture, making it a widely used material in pipes, coins, and jewelry. Copper is often too soft for its applications, so it is incorporated in numerous alloys. For example, brass is a copper-zinc alloy, and bronze is a copper-tin alloy. Copper sulfate (CuSO 4·H2O), also known as blue vitrol, is the most well-known Elemental Coppercopper compound. It is used as Copper Bohr Modelan agricultural poison, an algicide, and as a pigment for inks. Cuprous chloride (CuCl) is a powder used to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2). Copper cyanide (CuCN) is often used in electroplating applications. Copper is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Copper was first discovered by Early Man. The origin of the word copper comes from the Latin word 'cuprium' which translates as "metal of Cyprus". Cyprus, a Mediterranean island, was known as an ancient source of mined copper. See Copper research below.

Tungsten(W) and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbolTungsten is a Block D, Group 6, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Tungsten's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2. In its elemental form tungsten's CAS number is 7440-33-7. The tungsten atom has a radius of 137.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Tungsten is considered to be only mildly toxic. Tungsten has the highest melting point of all the metallic elements and because of this has its first significant commercial application as the filament in incandescent light bulbs and fluorescent light bulbs. Tungsten is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and Elemental Tungstencompounds as submicron and nanopowder. Later it was used in the first television tubes. The first imaging equipment involved X-ray bombardment of a Tungsten Bohr Modeltungsten target. Tungsten expands at nearly the same rate as borosilicate glass and is used to make metal to glass seals. It is the primary metal in heating elements for electric furnaces and in any components where high pressure/temperature environments are expected, such as aerospace and engine systems. Tungsten was first discovered by Fausto and Juan Jose de Elhuyar in 1783. In reference to its density, Tungsten gets its name from the swedish words tung and sten meaning heavy stone. See Tungsten research below.
Formula CAS No. Appearance Molecular Weight Density Melting Point Boiling Point
AlCu            
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PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES


Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.

 

 

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Recent Research & Development for Aluminum

  • Characterisation of optically stimulated luminescence dosemeters to measure organ doses in diagnostic radiology. Endo A, Katoh T, Kobayashi I, Joshi R, Sur J, Okano T. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2011 Nov 24. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22116136 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Metal recovery from high-grade WEEE: A life cycle assessment. Bigum M, Brogaard L, Christensen TH. J Hazard Mater. 2011 Oct 17. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22115841 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Protein interactions with nanosized hydrotalcites of different composition. Bellezza F, Alberani A, Posati T, Tarpani L, Latterini L, Cipiciani A. J Inorg Biochem. 2011 Oct 8;106(1):134-142. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22115829 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Neurobehavioral toxic effects of perinatal oral exposure to aluminum on the developmental motor reflexes, learning, memory and brain neurotransmitters of mice offspring. Abu-Taweel GM, Ajarem JS, Ahmad M. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2011 Nov 13. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22115621 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Lithium-Ion Conducting Electrolyte Salts for Lithium Batteries. Aravindan V, Gnanaraj J, Madhavi S, Liu HK. Chemistry. 2011 Nov 24. doi: 10.1002/chem.201101486. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22114046 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Contact fatigue response of porcelain-veneered alumina model systems. Stappert CF, Baldassarri M, Zhang Y, Stappert D, Thompson VP. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2011 Nov 24. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.31977. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22113973 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Influence of formulation pH and suspension state on freezing-induced agglomeration of aluminum adjuvants. Salnikova MS, Davis H, Mensch C, Celano L, Thiriot DS. J Pharm Sci. 2011 Nov 23. doi: 10.1002/jps.22815. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22113733 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Evidence of foliar aluminium accumulation in local, regional and global datasets of wild plants. Metali F, Salim KA, Burslem DF. New Phytol. 2011 Nov 23. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03965.x. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22111583 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Turning aluminium into a noble-metal-like catalyst for low-temperature activation of molecular hydrogen. Chopra IS, Chaudhuri S, Veyan JF, Chabal YJ. Nat Mater. 2011 Nov 23;10(12):986. doi: 10.1038/nmat3174. No abstract available. PMID: 22109610 [PubMed - in process]

  • Fabrication of a dual-layer aluminum nanowires polarization filter array. Gruev V. Opt Express. 2011 Nov 21;19(24):24361-9. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.024361. PMID: 22109463 [PubMed - in process]

  • Image-quality perception as a function of dose in digital radiography. Lehnert T, Naguib NN, Korkusuz H, Bauer RW, Kerl JM, Mack MG, Vogl TJ. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2011 Dec;197(6):1399-403. PMID: 22109295 [PubMed - in process]

  • Highly sensitive nano-porous lattice biosensor based on localized surface plasmon resonance and interference. Yeom SH, Kim OG, Kang BH, Kim KJ, Yuan H, Kwon DH, Kim HR, Kang SW. Opt Express. 2011 Nov 7;19(23):22882-91. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.022882. PMID: 22109166 [PubMed - in process]

  • Regulatory role of zinc during aluminium-induced altered carbohydrate metabolism in rat brain. Singla N, Dhawan DK. J Neurosci Res. 2011 Nov 23. doi: 10.1002/jnr.22790. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22108899 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Three-shell-based lens barrel for the effective athermalization of an IR optical system. Yang HS, Kihm H, Moon IK, Jung GJ, Choi SC, Lee KJ, Hwang HY, Kim SW, Lee YW. Appl Opt. 2011 Nov 20;50(33):6206-13. doi: 10.1364/AO.50.006206. PMID: 22108878 [PubMed - in process]

  • Influences of heat seal lacquer thickness on the quality of blister packages. Mühlfeld L, Langguth P, Häusler H, Hagels H. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2011 Nov 16. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22108348 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Efficient extraction of vaccines formulated in aluminum hydroxide gel by including surfactants in the extraction buffer. Zhu D, Huang S, McClellan H, Dai W, Syed NR, Gebregeorgis E, Mullen GE, Long C, Martin LB, Narum D, Duffy P, Miller LH, Saul A. Vaccine. 2011 Nov 18. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22107848 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Electronic structure investigation of highly compressed aluminum with k edge absorption spectroscopy. Benuzzi-Mounaix A, Dorchies F, Recoules V, Festa F, Peyrusse O, Levy A, Ravasio A, Hall T, Koenig M, Amadou N, Brambrink E, Mazevet S. Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Oct 14;107(16):165006. Epub 2011 Oct 13. PMID: 22107398 [PubMed - in process]

  • Short-time electron dynamics in aluminum excited by femtosecond extreme ultraviolet radiation. Medvedev N, Zastrau U, Förster E, Gericke DO, Rethfeld B. Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Oct 14;107(16):165003. Epub 2011 Oct 12. PMID: 22107395 [PubMed - in process]

  • Nanoporous Polymeric Nanofibers Based on Selectively Etched PS-b-PDMS Block Copolymers. Birlik Demirel G, Buyukserin F, Morris MA, Demirel G. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2011 Nov 22. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22107361 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Low bias electron scattering in structure-identified single wall carbon nanotubes: role of substrate polar phonons. Chandra B, Perebeinos V, Berciaud S, Katoch J, Ishigami M, Kim P, Heinz TF, Hone J. Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Sep 30;107(14):146601. Epub 2011 Sep 28. PMID: 22107221 [PubMed - in process]
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Recent Research & Development for Copper

  • Altered intracellular localization and valosin-containing protein (p97 VCP) interaction underlie ATP7A-related distal motor neuropathy. Yi L, Donsante A, Kennerson ML, Mercer JF, Garbern JY, Kaler SG. Hum Mol Genet. 2011 Dec 30. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22210628 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Chitinolytic and Chitosanolytic Activities from Crude Cellulase Extract Produced by A. niger Grown on Apple Pomace Through Koji Fermentation. Dhillon GS, Brar SK, Kaur S, Valero JR, Verma M. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2011 Dec;21(12):1312-21. PMID: 22210619 [PubMed - in process]

  • Structural and functional recovery of microbial biofilms after a decrease in copper exposure: Influence of the presence of pristine communities. Lambert AS, Morin S, Artigas J, Volat B, Coquery M, Neyra M, Pesce S. Aquat Toxicol. 2011 Dec 14;109C:118-126. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22210500 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Effects of copper on osmoregulation in sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus acclimated to different salinities. Adeyemi JA, Deaton LE, Pesacreta TC, Klerks PL. Aquat Toxicol. 2011 Dec 14;109C:111-117. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22210499 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Characterization of the Chitinolytic Machinery of Enterococcus faecalis V583 and High-Resolution Structure of Its Oxidative CBM33 Enzyme. Vaaje-Kolstad G, Bøhle LA, Gåseidnes S, Dalhus B, Bjørås M, Mathiesen G, Eijsink VG. J Mol Biol. 2011 Dec 22. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22210154 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Electrochemistry of copper(II) induced complexes in mycorrhizal maize plant tissues. Zitka O, Merlos MA, Adam V, Ferrol N, Pohanka M, Hubalek J, Zehnalek J, Trnkova L, Kizek R. J Hazard Mater. 2011 Dec 13. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22209587 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • The metal binding abilities of Megathura crenulata metallothionein (McMT) in the frame of Gastropoda MTs. Pérez-Rafael S, Mezger A, Lieb B, Dallinger R, Capdevila M, Palacios O, Atrian S. J Inorg Biochem. 2011 Dec 3. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22209022 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Photoluminescence quenching/recovery kinetics of [Ru(bpy)(2)(tatp)](2+) and [Ru(bpy)(2)(dmtatp)](2+) intercalated within DNA by copper(II) ions and EDTA. Ji S, Chen M, Gan G, Li H, Li W. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2011 Dec 16. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22208960 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Peculiarities of copper binding to alpha-synuclein. Ahmad A, Burns CS, Fink AL, Uversky VN. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2012 Feb;29(4):825-42. PMID: 22208282 [PubMed - in process]

  • Role of Vitamin C and E Supplementation on IL-6 in response to Training. Yfanti C, Fischer CP, Nielsen S, Akerström T, Nielsen AR, Veskoukis AS, Kouretas D, Lykkesfeldt J, Pilegaard H, Pedersen BK. J Appl Physiol. 2011 Dec 29. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22207723 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Zinc, Ferritin, Magnesium and Copper in a group of Egyptian Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Mahmoud MM, El-Mazary AA, Maher RM, Saber MM. Ital J Pediatr. 2011 Dec 29;37(1):60. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22206662 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Intramolecular C-H Amination Leading to Imidazobenzimidazole Derivatives. Wang X, Jin Y, Zhao Y, Zhu L, Fu H. Org Lett. 2011 Dec 29. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22206482 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • High-Throughput Graphene Imaging on Arbitrary Substrates with Widefield Raman Spectroscopy. Havener RW, Ju SY, Brown L, Wang Z, Wojcik M, Ruiz-Vargas CS, Park J. ACS Nano. 2011 Dec 29. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22206260 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Triarylboron-Functionalized Cu(II) Carboxylate Paddlewheel Complexes. Blight BA, Stewart AF, Wang N, Lu JS, Wang S. Inorg Chem. 2011 Dec 28. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22206219 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Application of a topical biomimetic electrical signaling technology to photo-aging: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a galvanic zinc-copper complex. Chantalat J, Bruning E, Sun Y, Liu JC. J Drugs Dermatol. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):30-7. PMID: 22206074 [PubMed - in process]

  • Assessment of Metal Pollution in Soils From a Former Havana (Cuba) Solid Waste Open Dump. Díaz Rizo O, Hernández Merlo M, Echeverría Castillo F, Arado López JO. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011 Dec 29. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22205471 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Coordination chemistry of copper proteins: How nature handles a toxic cargo for essential function. Rubino JT, Franz KJ. J Inorg Biochem. 2011 Dec 3;107(1):129-143. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22204943 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Palm oil fruit shells as biosorbent for copper removal from water and wastewater: Experiments and sorption models. Hossain MA, Ngo HH, Guo WS, Nguyen TV. Bioresour Technol. 2011 Dec 9. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22204888 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Effective and reversible DNA condensation induced by bifunctional molecules containing macrocyclic polyamines and naphthyl moieties. Yan H, Li ZF, Guo ZF, Lu ZL, Wang F, Wu LZ. Bioorg Med Chem. 2011 Dec 8. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22204742 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Fish quarantine: current practices in public zoos and aquaria. Hadfield CA, Clayton LA. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2011 Dec;42(4):641-50. PMID: 22204059 [PubMed - in process]
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Recent Research & Development for Tungsten

  • Divacant polyoxotungstates: Reactivity of the gamma-decatungstates [?-XW(10)O(36)](8-)(X = Si, Ge). Bassil BS, Kortz U. Dalton Trans. 2011 Aug 5. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21818492 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Optimized low-kV spectrum of dual-energy CT equipped with high-kV tin filtration for electron density measurements. Saito M. Med Phys. 2011 Jun;38(6):2850-8. PMID: 21815360 [PubMed - in process]

  • Structure and electrical properties of nanoparticulate tungsten oxide prepared by microwave plasma synthesis. Sagmeister M, Postl M, Brossmann U, List EJ, Klug A, Letofsky-Papst I, Szabó DV, Würschum R. J Phys Condens Matter. 2011 Aug 3;23(33):334206. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21813964 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Semiconducting oxides. Catlow R, Walsh A. J Phys Condens Matter. 2011 Aug 3;23(33):330301. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21813952 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Toxicity of sodium tungstate to earthworms, oats, radish, and lettuce. Bamford JE, Butler AD, Heim KE, Pittinger CA, Lemus R, Staveley JP, Lee KB, Venezia C, Pardus MJ. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2011 Jul 30. doi: 10.1002/etc.635. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21805499 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • [Endovascular Brachytherapy (EVBT) with Rhenium-188 for Restenosis Prophylaxis after Angioplasty of Infrainguinal Lesions: Early Experience]. Leissner GG, Wengenmair H, Sciuk J, Woelfle KD, Winterstein A, Weinrich K, Bohndorf K, Wohlgemuth WA. Rofo. 2011 Aug;183(8):735-42. Epub 2011 Jul 28. German. PMID: 21800265 [PubMed - in process]

  • Low-frequency sinusoidal galvanic stimulation of the left and right vestibular nerves reveals two peaks of modulation in muscle sympathetic nerve activity. Hammam E, James C, Dawood T, Macefield VG. Exp Brain Res. 2011 Jul 29. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21800255 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • [Development of the soft independent modelling of class analogies model to discrimination Vibrio parahemolyticus by Smartongue]. Huang J, Zhao G, Dou W. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao. 2011 Apr 4;51(4):538-46. Chinese. PMID: 21796990 [PubMed - in process]

  • Intramolecularly coordinated heteroleptic organostannylene tungsten pentacarbonyl complexes 4-tBu-2,6-[P(O)(OiPr)(2)](2)C(6)H(2)Sn(X)W(CO)(5) (X = Cl, F, PPh(2), PPh(2)[W(CO)(5)]). Syntheses and reactivity. Wagner M, Dorogov K, Schürmann M, Jurkschat K. Dalton Trans. 2011 Jul 26. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21792427 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Functionalization of tungsten oxide into MWCNT and its application for sunlight-induced degradation of rhodamine B. Saleh TA, Gupta VK. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2011 Jul 13. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21788030 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Comproportionation of Cationic and Anionic Tungsten Complexes Having an N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand to Give the Isolable 17-Electron Tungsten Radical, CpW(CO)2(IMes). Roberts JA, Franz JA, van der Eide EF, Walter ED, Petersen JL, Dubois DL, Bullock RM. J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Jul 22. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21786753 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • High-efficiency light-emitting diode with air voids embedded in lateral epitaxially overgrown GaN using a metal mask. Cho CY, Kwon MK, Park IK, Hong SH, Kim JJ, Park SE, Kim ST, Park SJ. Opt Express. 2011 Jul 4;19 Suppl 4:A943-8. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.00A943. PMID: 21747565 [PubMed - in process]

  • Synthesis, structure and redox properties of bis(cyclopentadienyl)dithiolene complexes of molybdenum and tungsten. Whalley AL, Blake AJ, Collison D, Davies ES, Disley HJ, Helliwell M, Mabbs FE, McMaster J, Wilson C, Garner CD. Dalton Trans. 2011 Jul 25. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21785804 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Comprehensive Thermochemistry of W-H Bonding in the Metal Hydrides CpW(CO)2(IMes)H, [CpW(CO)2(IMes)H].+, and [CpW(CO)2(IMes)(H)2]+. Influence of an N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand on Metal Hydride Bond Energies. Roberts JA, Appel AM, Dubois DL, Bullock RM. J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Jul 22. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21780811 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Experimentally Induced Hyperthyroidism Disrupts Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation in Adult Rats. Taskin E, Artis AS, Bitiktas S, Dolu N, Liman N, Süer C. Neuroendocrinology. 2011 Jul 19. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21778690 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Size-controlled synthesis and gas sensing application of tungsten oxide nanostructures produced by arc discharge. Fang F, Kennedy J, Futter J, Hopf T, Markwitz A, Manikandan E, Henshaw G. Nanotechnology. 2011 Aug 19;22(33):335702. Epub 2011 Jul 22. PMID: 21778569 [PubMed - in process]

  • Phase-contrast digital tomosynthesis. Hammonds JC, Price RR, Donnelly EF, Pickens DR. Med Phys. 2011 May;38(5):2353-8. PMID: 21776769 [PubMed - in process]

  • The mechanism of formate oxidation by metal-dependent formate dehydrogenases. Mota CS, Rivas MG, Brondino CD, Moura I, Moura JJ, González PJ, Cerqueira NM. J Biol Inorg Chem. 2011 Jul 20. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21773834 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Comparative study of nanocrystalline diamond deposition on WC-Ni and WC-Co substrates. Santos JA, Neto VF, Cabral G, Ruch D, Grácio J. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2011 Jun;11(6):5388-93. PMID: 21770193 [PubMed - in process]

  • Physical and biophysical characteristics of nanoscale tungsten oxide particles and their interaction with human genomic DNA. Kumar VB, Sawian CE, Mohanta D, Baruah S, Islam NS. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2011 Jun;11(6):4659-66.
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