American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopeia/British Pharmacopeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.See safety data and research below and pricing/lead time above. American Elements specializes in producing high purity Aluminum Vanadium Sputtering Targets with the highest possible density and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes nanoparticles. We also produce Aluminum as disc, granules, ingot, pellets, pieces, powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request. Aluminum is a Block P, Group 13, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Aluminum's shells is 2, 8, 3 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p1. In its elemental form aluminum's CAS number is 7429-90-5. The aluminum atom has a radius of 143.2.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Aluminum is not known to be harmful but ingestion may cause Alzheimer's disease.Aluminum is a silvery-white metal that possesses many desirable characteristics. It is light, nonmagnetic and nonsparking.
It stands second among metals in the scale of malleability, and sixth in ductility. It is extensively used in many industrial applications where a strong, light, easily constructed material is needed. Although it's electrical conductivity is only about 60% that of copper, it is used in electrical transmission lines because of its light weight. Pure aluminum is soft and lacks strength, but alloyed with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, or other elements impart a variety of useful properties. These alloys are of vital importance in the construction of modern aircraft and rockets. Aluminum, evaporated in a vacuum, forms a highly reflective coating for both visible light and radiant heat. They are used to coat telescope mirrors. Aluminum is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. See Aluminum research below.
Vanadium is a Block D, Group 5, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Vanadium's shells is 2, 8, 11, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d3 4s2. In its elemental form vanadium's CAS number is 7440-62-2. The vanadium atom has a radius of 131.1.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Several vanadium compounds are toxic to some creatures despite the fact that it is an essential trace element. Vanadium is highly resistant to corrosion, so it is commonly used to alloy stainless steel grades. Vanadium compounds are used in advanced ceramics. Vanadium is a petrochemical cracking catalyst. Vanadium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Vanadium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties , research , applications and other useful facts are discussed here . Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy , abundance on Earth , conductivity and thermal properties are included. Vanadium was first discovered in Mexico City by Andres Manuel del Rio, a Spanish born and European educated Mexican mineralogist, in 1801. In honor of its beautiful multi-colored compounds, Vanadium was named after the word "Vanadis" meaning goddess of beauty in Scandinavian mythology. See Vanadium research below. |
Recent Research & Development for Aluminum
- Selective separation of samarium(III) by synergistic extraction with ß-diketone and methylphenylphenanthroline carboxamide.
Hasegawa Y, Tamaki S, Yajima H, Hashimoto B, Yaita T.
Talanta. 2011 Sep 15;85(3):1543-8. Epub 2011 Jun 21.
PMID:
21807220
[PubMed - in process]
- Integral Stereocontrolled Synthesis of a Spiro-norlignan, Sequosempervirin A: Revision of Absolute Configuration.
Ito Y, Takahashi K, Nagase H, Honda T.
Org Lett. 2011 Aug 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21805972
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Interactions between metal ions and carbohydrates. Syntheses and spectroscopic studies of several lanthanide nitrate-d-galactitol complexes.
Yu L, Hua X, Pan Q, Yang L, Xu Y, Zhao G, Wang H, Wang H, Wu J, Liu K, Chen J.
Carbohydr Res. 2011 Jun 30. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21784418
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Chemical synthesis and evaluation of 17a-alkylated derivatives of estradiol as inhibitors of steroid sulfatase.
Fournier D, Poirier D.
Eur J Med Chem. 2011 Jun 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21782294
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Concise Syntheses of Strychnine and Englerin A: the Power of Reductive Cyclizations Triggered by Samarium Iodide.
Szostak M, Procter DJ.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Jul 20. doi: 10.1002/anie.201103128. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
21780264
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Preparation and Quality Control of the [Sm]-Samarium Maltolate Complex as a Lanthanide Mobilization Product in Rats.
Naseri Z, Hakimi A, Jalilian AR, Nemati Kharat A, Bahrami-Samani A, Ghannadi-Maragheh M.
Sci Pharm. 2011 Jun;79(2):265-275. Epub 2011 Feb 24.
PMID:
21773065
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Synthesis and characterization of heterobimetallic oxo-bridged aluminum-rare Earth metal complexes.
Hao J, Li J, Cui C, Roesky HW.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Aug 15;50(16):7453-9. Epub 2011 Jul 15.
PMID:
21761836
[PubMed - in process]
- Novel Supramolecular Assemblies Based on Coordination of Samarium Cation to Cucurbit[5]uril.
Chen K, Liang LL, Zhang YQ, Zhu QJ, Xue SF, Tao Z.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Aug 15;50(16):7754-60. Epub 2011 Jul 15.
PMID:
21761833
[PubMed - in process]
- Total Synthesis of 10-Isocyano-4-cadinene and Its Stereoisomers and Evaluations of Antifouling Activities.
Nishikawa K, Nakahara H, Shirokura Y, Nogata Y, Yoshimura E, Umezawa T, Okino T, Matsuda F.
J Org Chem. 2011 Jul 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21755975
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Tris[6-meth-oxy-2-(phenyl-iminiometh-yl)phenolato]-?O,O';?O-tris-(thio-cyanato-?N)samarium(III).
Ge GD, Shen JB, Zhao GL.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Jun 1;67(Pt 6):m706-7. Epub 2011 May 7.
PMID:
21754608
[PubMed]
- {µ-6,6'-Dimeth-oxy-2,2'-[propane-1,3-diylbis(nitrilo-methanylyl-idene)]di-phenolato}dimethano-ltrinitrato-samarium(III)zinc(II) methanol disolvate.
Liu F, Zhang F.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 May 1;67(Pt 5):m525. Epub 2011 Apr 7.
PMID:
21754267
[PubMed]
- Samarium Diiodide Induced Cyclizations of ?-, d- and e-Indolyl Ketones: Reductive Coupling, Intermolecular Trapping, and Subsequent Transformations of Indolines.
Beemelmanns C, Lentz D, Reissig HU.
Chemistry. 2011 Jul 8. doi: 10.1002/chem.201100981. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21744405
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- 177Lu-Labeled methylene diphosphonate.
Chopra A.
Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2011.
2011 May 24 [updated 2011 Jun 30].
PMID:
21735586
[PubMed]
- Radioisotopes for metastatic bone pain.
Roqué I Figuls M, Martinez-Zapata MJ, Scott-Brown M, Alonso-Coello P.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Jul 6;(7):CD003347. Review.
PMID:
21735393
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- Cubic and doubly-fused cubic samarium clusters from Sm(ii)-mediated reduction of organic azides and azobenzenes.
Pan CL, Chen W, Su S, Pan YS, Wang J.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Aug 21;40(31):7941-5. Epub 2011 Jun 30.
PMID:
21717024
[PubMed - in process]
- ACR-ASTRO Practice Guideline for the Performance of Therapy With Unsealed Radiopharmaceutical Sources.
Henkin RE, Del Rowe JD, Grigsby PW, Hartford AC, Jadvar H, Macklis RM, Parker JA, Wong JY, Rosenthal SA.
Clin Nucl Med. 2011 Aug;36(8):e72-e80.
PMID:
21716005
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Synthesis and molecular structure of piperazidine-bridged bis(phenolate) samarium(ii) complex and its reactivity to carbodiimides.
Du Z, Zhang Y, Yao Y, Shen Q.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Aug 7;40(29):7639-44. Epub 2011 Jun 24.
PMID:
21701733
[PubMed - in process]
- Theoretical Treatment of Redox Processes Involving Lanthanide(II) Compounds: Reactivity of Organosamarium(II) and Organothulium(II) Complexes with CO(2) and Pyridine.
Labouille S, Nief F, Maron L.
J Phys Chem A. 2011 Jul 28;115(29):8295-8301. Epub 2011 Jul 6.
PMID:
21675778
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- 177Lu-Labeled ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid.
Chopra A.
Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2011.
2011 Apr 28 [updated 2011 May 26].
PMID:
21656987
[PubMed]
- [170Tm]-Labeled ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid.
Chopra A.
Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2011.
2011 Apr 27 [updated 2011 May 26].
PMID:
21656985
[PubMed]
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Recent Research & Development for Vanadium
- Distorted cubic tetranuclear vanadium(iv) phosphonate cages: double-four-ring (D4R) containing transition metal ion phosphonate cages.
Chandrasekhar V, Dey A, Senapati T, Sañudo EC.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Nov 10. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22071886
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Bioavailability, tissue distribution and hypoglycaemic effect of vanadium in magnesium-deficient rats.
Sánchez C, Torres M, Bermúdez-Peña MC, Aranda P, Montes-Bayón M, Sanz-Medel A, Llopis J.
Magnes Res. 2011 Nov 9. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22068015
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- An alternative path for the evolution of biological nitrogen fixation.
Boyd ES, Hamilton TL, Peters JW.
Front Microbiol. 2011;2:205. Epub 2011 Oct 5.
PMID:
22065963
[PubMed]
- (4-Bromo-2-{[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl-imino]-meth-yl}phenolato)dioxido-vanadium(V).
Wang CY, Wu X, Cao F, Yuan CJ.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Oct 1;67(Pt 10):m1330. Epub 2011 Sep 14.
PMID:
22065600
[PubMed]
- A new mixed group 5 metal selenide, Nb(1.41)V(0.59)Se(9).
Lee E, Yun H.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Sep 1;67(Pt 9):i50. Epub 2011 Aug 27.
PMID:
22064790
[PubMed]
- Catalytic dehydration of xylose to furfural: vanadyl pyrophosphate as source of active soluble species.
Sádaba I, Lima S, Valente AA, López Granados M.
Carbohydr Res. 2011 Oct 8. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22055820
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Chemical speciation of vanadium in particulate matter emitted from diesel vehicles and urban atmospheric aerosols.
Shafer MM, Toner B, Overdier J, Schauer JJ, Fakra SC, Herner J, Hu S, Ayala A.
Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Nov 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22050708
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis of Tunable Unsubstituted Polythiophene.
Nejati S, Lau KK.
Langmuir. 2011 Nov 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22047472
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- VCl(3) catalyzed imine-based multicomponent reactions for the facile access of functionalized tetrahydropyridines and ß-amino carbonyls.
Pal S, Choudhury LH, Parvin T.
Mol Divers. 2011 Nov 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22042610
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Interplay between the structural and magnetic probes in the elucidation of the structure of a novel 2D layered [V(4)O(4)(OH)(2)(O(2)CC(6)H(4)CO(2))(4)]·DMF.
Djerdj I, Skapin SD, Ceh M, Jaglicic Z, Pajic D, Kozlevcar B, Orel B, Orel ZC.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Oct 31. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22042096
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Interdigitating Organic Bilayers Direct the Short Interlayer Spacing in Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Layered Vanadium Oxide Nanostructures.
Gannon GT, O'Dwyer CP, Larsson JA, Thompson D.
J Phys Chem B. 2011 Oct 31. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22040010
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Hepatic megalocytosis due to vanadium inhalation: participation of oxidative stress.
Cano-Gutiérrez G, Acevedo-Nava S, Santamaría A, Altamirano-Lozano M, Cano-Rodríguez MC, Fortoul TI.
Toxicol Ind Health. 2011 Oct 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22033424
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Recent perspectives into biochemistry of decavanadate.
Aureliano M, Fct, Algarve UO, Gambelas, Faro 8, Portugal.
World J Biol Chem. 2011 Oct 26;2(10):215-225.
PMID:
22031844
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Association between plate location and plate removal following facial fracture repair.
Kubota Y, Kuroki T, Akita S, Koizumi T, Hasegawa M, Rikihisa N, Mitsukawa N, Satoh K.
J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011 Oct 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22030077
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Vanadium Oxide Nanotube Spherical Clusters Prepared on Carbon Fabrics for Energy Storage Applications.
Perera SD, Patel B, Bonso J, Grunewald M, Ferraris JP, Balkus KJ.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2011 Nov 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22029527
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Exchange Interactions Through p-p Stacking in the Lamellar Compound [{Cu(bipy)(en)}{Cu(bipy)(H(2)O)}{VO(3)}(4)](n).
Venegas-Yazigi D, Brown KA, Vega A, Calvo R, Aliaga C, Santana RC, Cardoso-Gil R, Kniep R, Schnelle W, Spodine E.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22026723
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- MCM-41 supported oxo-vanadium(IV) complex: A highly selective heterogeneous catalyst for bromination of hydroxy aromatic compounds in water.
Bhunia S, Saha D, Koner S.
Langmuir. 2011 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22026477
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Electronic Properties of Vanadium-Doped TiO(2).
Islam MM, Bredow T, Gerson A.
Chemphyschem. 2011 Oct 24. doi: 10.1002/cphc.201100557. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22025455
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Design and Redox Function of Conjugated Complexes with Polyanilines or Quinonediimines.
Moriuchi T, Hirao T.
Acc Chem Res. 2011 Oct 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22023138
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- The Tetrahydrometalate Species VH2(H2), NbH4, and TaH4: Matrix Infrared Spectra and Quantum Chemical Calculations.
Wang X, Andrews L.
J Phys Chem A. 2011 Oct 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22017260
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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