Americium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
 Americium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 7 element. The number of electrons in each of Americium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Rn] 5f7 7s2. In its elemental form americium's CAS number is 7440-35-9. Due to its radioactivity, americium is harmful. The americium atom has a radius of 173.pm and
it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm.
Americium was discovered by Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Stanley G. Thompson and Albert Ghiorso in 1944.
 américium |
Americium |
 americio |
 Amerício |
 americio |
Americium |
Americium Safety Data. The safety data for americium metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin. Americium compounds have no biological role.
Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for
americium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:
| 1st Ionization Energy |
576.39 kJ mol-1 |
| 2nd Ionization Energy |
- kJ mol-1 |
| 3rd Ionization Energy |
- kJ mol-1 |
Conductivity. As to americium's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured in terms of electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 68 µOcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is -. The thermal conductivity of americium is 10 W m-1 K-1.
Thermal Properties of Americium. The melting point and boiling point for americium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.
| Heat of Fusion |
14.4 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat of Vaporization |
238.5 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat of Atomization |
266 kJ mol-1 |
Recent Research & Development for Americium
Local Structure and Charge Distribution in Mixed Uranium-Americium Oxides: Effects of Oxygen Potential and Am Content.
Prieur D, Martin PM, Jankowiak A, Gavilan E, Scheinost AC, Herlet N, Dehaudt P, Blanchart P.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Nov 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22087707
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Kinetics of plutonium and americium sorption to natural clay.
Lujaniene G, Benes P, Stamberg K, Sciglo T.
J Environ Radioact. 2011 Sep 20. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21940076
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Recent progress in actinide borate chemistry.
Wang S, Alekseev EV, Depmeier W, Albrecht-Schmitt TE.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Oct 21;47(39):10874-85. Epub 2011 Sep 13.
PMID:
21915396
[PubMed - in process]
Assessment of the radionuclide composition of "hot particles" sampled in the Chernobyl nuclear power plant fourth reactor unit.
Bondarkov MD, Zheltonozhsky VA, Zheltonozhskaya MV, Kulich NV, Maksimenko AM, Farfán EB, Jannik GT, Marra JC.
Health Phys. 2011 Oct;101(4):368-74.
PMID:
21878762
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Vertical migration of radionuclides in the vicinity of the chernobyl confinement shelter.
Bondarkov MD, Zheltonozhsky VA, Zheltonozhskaya MV, Kulich NV, Maksimenko AM, Farfán EB, Jannik GT, Marra JC.
Health Phys. 2011 Oct;101(4):362-7.
PMID:
21878761
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Bonding changes in plutonium(III) and americium(III) borates.
Polinski MJ, Wang S, Alekseev EV, Depmeier W, Albrecht-Schmitt TE.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Sep 12;50(38):8891-4. doi: 10.1002/anie.201103502. Epub 2011 Aug 18. No abstract available.
PMID:
21853508
[PubMed - in process]
Selective recognition of americium by peptide-based reagents.
Özçubukçu S, Mandal K, Wegner S, Jensen MP, He C.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Sep 5;50(17):7937-9. Epub 2011 Aug 5.
PMID:
21819087
[PubMed - in process]
Comparison of two leg phantoms containing (241)Am in bone.
Kramer GH, Hauck B, Capello K, Rühm W, El-Faramawy N, Broggio D, Franck D, Lopez MA, Navarro T, Navarro JF, Perez B, Tolmachev S.
Health Phys. 2011 Sep;101(3):248-58.
PMID:
21799341
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Higher oxidation states of americium: preparation, characterization and use for separations.
Runde WH, Mincher BJ.
Chem Rev. 2011 Sep 14;111(9):5723-41. Epub 2011 Jul 5. No abstract available.
PMID:
21728323
[PubMed - in process]
Investigation of magnetic nanoparticles for the rapid extraction and assay of alpha-emitting radionuclides from urine: demonstration of a novel radiobioassay method.
O'Hara MJ, Carter JC, MacLellan JA, Warner CL, Warner MG, Addleman RS.
Health Phys. 2011 Aug;101(2):196-208.
PMID:
21709509
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
An emergency bioassay method for actinides in urine.
Dai X, Kramer-Tremblay S.
Health Phys. 2011 Aug;101(2):144-7.
PMID:
21709501
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
[Experimental study of 241Am transfer from herbal food to organs and tissues of crucian carp].
Zotina TA, Trofimova EA, Dement'ev DV, Bolsunovskii AIa.
Radiats Biol Radioecol. 2011 Mar-Apr;51(2):281-5. Russian.
PMID:
21674957
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Complexation of lanthanides(III), americium(III), and uranium(VI) with bitopic N,O ligands: an experimental and theoretical study.
Marie C, Miguirditchian M, Guillaumont D, Tosseng A, Berthon C, Guilbaud P, Duvail M, Bisson J, Guillaneux D, Pipelier M, Dubreuil D.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Jul 18;50(14):6557-66. Epub 2011 Jun 10.
PMID:
21657800
[PubMed]
Comparison of RBE values of high-LET a-particles for the induction of DNA-DSBs, chromosome aberrations and cell reproductive death.
Franken NA, ten Cate R, Krawczyk PM, Stap J, Haveman J, Aten J, Barendsen GW.
Radiat Oncol. 2011 Jun 8;6:64.
PMID:
21651780
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Studies on the selective Am3+ transport, irradiation stability and surface morphology of polymer inclusion membranes containing Cyanex-301 as carrier extractant.
Bhattacharyya A, Mohapatra PK, Hassan PA, Manchanda VK.
J Hazard Mater. 2011 Aug 15;192(1):116-23. Epub 2011 May 6.
PMID:
21621918
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Study on migration behaviour of 237Np and 241Am in near-surface environments.
Tanaka T, Ya-Anant N.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2011 Jul;146(1-3):303-6. Epub 2011 May 12.
PMID:
21571738
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS OF DOSES FROM INGESTION OF PLUTONIUM AND AMERICIUM.
Puncher M, Harrison JD.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2011 Apr 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21498415
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Development of a microcalorimeter with transition edge sensor for detection of LX rays emitted by transuranium elements.
Nakamura K, Maeda M, Yasumune T, Maehata K, Ishibashi K, Tanaka K, Umeno T, Takasaki K, Momose T.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2011 Jul;146(1-3):88-91. Epub 2011 Apr 13.
PMID:
21493615
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Determination of Pu isotopes and 241Am in a reference fallout material using SF-ICP-MS.
Zheng J, Zhang Y, Yamada M, Wu F, Igarashi Y, Hirose K.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2011 Jul;146(1-3):307-10. Epub 2011 Apr 14.
PMID:
21493597
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Actinides and decay products in selected produce and bioindicators in the vicinity of a uranium plant.
Pourcelot L, Boulet B, Le Corre C, de Vismes Ott A, Cagnat X, Loyen J, Fayolle C, Van Hecke W, Martinez B, Petit J, Kaltenmeier R, Gieré R.
J Environ Monit. 2011 May;13(5):1327-36. Epub 2011 Apr 12.
PMID:
21487575
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] |
|
