American Elements specializes in producing high purity Gold Powder with the smallest possible average grain sizes for use in preparation of pressed and bonded sputtering targets and in Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) processes including Thermal and Electron Beam (E-Beam) Evaporation, Low Temperature Organic Evaporation, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), Metallic-Organic and Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD). Powders are also useful in any application where high surface areas are desired such as water treatment and in fuel cell and solar applications. Nanoparticles (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots) also produce very high surface areas. Our standard Powder particle sizes average in the range of - 325 mesh, - 100 mesh, 10-50 microns and submicron (< 1 micron). We can also provide many materials in the nanoscale range. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes such as nanoparticles (See also application discussion at Nanotechnology Information and at Quantum Dots) and in the form of solutions and organometallics.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. See safety data and research below and pricing/lead time above. We also produce Gold as rod, ingot, pieces, pellets, disc, granules, wire, and in compound forms, such as oxide. Other shapes are available by request.
Gold is a Block D, Group 11, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Gold's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f142 5d10 6s1. In its elemental form gold's CAS number is 7440-57-5. The gold atom has a radius of 144.2.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 166.pm. Gold is not toxic. Gold is a soft metal and is usually alloyed to give it more strength. It is a good conductor of heat and electricity, and is unaffected by air and most reagents. It is used in coinage and is a standard for monetary systems. It is also extensively used for jewelry, dental work, and for plating It is used for coating certain space satellites, as it is a good reflector of infrared and is inert. One area that has seen significant growth is the use of gold in electronics, particularly within telecommunications, information technology and safety critical applications. Similarly, within computers there are usually gold-plated edge connectors. Gold bonding wires are used extensively within semiconductor packages, gold thick film inks are applied in the fabrication of hybrid circuits and gold's excellent solder wetting properties are used to form a very thin protective layer on copper laminate printed circuit boards. Gold was first discovered by Early Man c.a. 3000. See Gold research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Bullion and bar forms are best if purchasing solely for physical possession and risk exposure.
Tissue engineering strategies in ligament regeneration.
Yilgor C, Yilgor Huri P, Huri G.
Stem Cells Int. 2012;2012:374676. Epub 2011 Dec 25.
PMID:
22242032
[PubMed - in process]
Cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of lysozyme-stabilized gold nanoparticles.
Lee Y, Geckeler KE.
J Biomed Mater Res A. 2012 Jan 12. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.34020. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22241734
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Dual surface modification with PEG and corn trypsin inhibitor: Effect of PEG:CTI ratio on protein resistance and anticoagulant properties.
Alibeik S, Zhu S, Yau JW, Weitz JI, Brash JL.
J Biomed Mater Res A. 2012 Jan 12. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.34022. [Epub ahead of print]
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22241533
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Park H, Kim JU, Park S.
Nanoscale. 2012 Jan 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22241398
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How do medical students view the work life of primary care and specialty physicians?
Phillips J, Weismantel D, Gold K, Schwenk T.
Fam Med. 2012 Jan;44(1):7-13.
PMID:
22241335
[PubMed - in process]
Is expertise in pediatric surgery necessary to perform laparoscopic splenectomy in children? An experience from a department of general surgery.
Guaglio M, Romano F, Garancini M, Degrate L, Luperto M, Uggeri F, Scotti M, Uggeri F.
Updates Surg. 2012 Jan 13. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22241167
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Structure, reactivity, photoactivity and stability of Ti-O based materials: a theoretical comparison.
Wang Y, Sun T, Yang D, Liu H, Zhang H, Yao X, Zhao H.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2012 Jan 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22240990
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effects of silver nanoparticles on primary mixed neural cell cultures: Uptake, oxidative stress and acute calcium responses.
Haase A, Rott S, Mantion A, Graf P, Plendl J, Thünemann AF, Meier WP, Taubert A, Luch A, Reiser G.
Toxicol Sci. 2012 Jan 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22240980
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Distinct structural and optical regimes in natural silk spinning.
Holland C, O'Neil K, Vollrath F, Dicko C.
Biopolymers. 2012 Jan 12. doi: 10.1002/bip.22022. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22240893
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Specialists' management decisions and attitudes towards mucositis and peri-implantitis.
Mattheos N, Collier S, Walmsley AD.
Br Dent J. 2012 Jan 13;212(1):E1. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2012.1.
PMID:
22240713
[PubMed - in process]
Ultrasound identification of nerve cords in the infraclavicular fossa: a clinical study.
Di Filippo A, Orando S, Luna A, Gianesello L, Boccaccini A, Campolo MC, De Gaudio AR.
Minerva Anestesiol. 2012 Jan 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22240617
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Utility of an interferon-gamma release assay as a potential diagnostic aid for active pulmonary tuberculosis.
Taki-Eddin L, Monem F.
J Infect Dev Ctries. 2012 Jan 12;6(1):67-72.
PMID:
22240431
[PubMed - in process]
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex detected by modified fluorescent in situ hybridization in lymph nodes of clinical samples.
Rodriguez-Nuñez J, Avelar FJ, Marquez F, Rivas-Santiago B, Quiñones C, Guerrero-Barrera AL.
J Infect Dev Ctries. 2012 Jan 12;6(1):58-66.
PMID:
22240430
[PubMed - in process]
Comparison of PCR with standard culture of fine needle aspiration samples in the diagnosis of tuberculosis lymphadenitis.
Derese Y, Hailu E, Assefa T, Bekele Y, Mihret A, Aseffa A, Hussien J, Ali I, Abebe M.
J Infect Dev Ctries. 2012 Jan 12;6(1):53-7.
PMID:
22240429
[PubMed - in process]
Computer assisted dental rehabilitation in free flaps reconstructed jaws: one year follow-up of a prospective clinical study.
Meloni SM, De Riu G, Pisano M, Massarelli O, Tullio A.
Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012 Jan 10. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22240395
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Preliminary findings in the heart rate variability and haemorheology response to varied frequency and duration of walking in women 65-74 yr with type 2 diabetes.
Simmonds MJ, Minahan CL, Serre KR, Gass GC, Marshall-Gradisnik SM, Haseler LJ, Sabapathy S.
Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2012 Jan 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22240377
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Murine cardiac images obtained with focusing pinhole SPECT are barely influenced by extra-cardiac activity.
Branderhorst W, van der Have F, Vastenhouw B, Viergever MA, Beekman FJ.
Phys Med Biol. 2012 Jan 13;57(3):717-732. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22240291
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The PSS-SR as a screening tool for PTSD in first-episode psychosis patients.
Sin GL, Abdin E, Lee J.
Early Interv Psychiatry. 2012 Jan 13. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-7893.2011.00327.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22240016
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Synthesis and characterization of gold-chitosan nanocomposite and application of resultant nanocomposite in sensors.
Mathew M, Sureshkumar S, Sandhyarani N.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2011 Dec 31. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22239908
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Cardiac MRI in muscular dystrophy: an overview and future directions.
Otto RK, Ferguson MR, Friedman SD.
Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2012 Feb;23(1):123-32.
PMID:
22239879
[PubMed - in process]
Gold is a Block D, Group 11, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Gold's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f142 5d10 6s1. In its elemental form gold's CAS number is 7440-57-5. The gold atom has a radius of 144.2.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 166.pm. Gold is not toxic. Gold is a soft metal and is usually alloyed to give it more strength. It is a good conductor of heat and electricity, and is unaffected by air and most reagents. It is used in coinage and is a standard for monetary systems. It is also extensively used for jewelry, dental work, 
and for plating It is used for coating certain space satellites, as it 
is a good reflector of infrared and is inert. One area that has seen significant growth is the use of gold in electronics, particularly within telecommunications, information technology and safety critical applications. Similarly, within computers there are usually gold-plated edge connectors. Gold bonding wires are used extensively within semiconductor packages, gold thick film inks are applied in the fabrication of hybrid circuits and gold's excellent solder wetting properties are used to form a very thin protective layer on copper laminate printed circuit boards. Gold was first discovered by Early Man c.a. 3000. See Gold research below.
