Bismuth Arsenate is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Bismuth is a Block P, Group 15, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Bismuth's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3. In its elemental form bismuth's CAS number is 7440-69-9. The bismuth atom has a radius of 154.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Bismuth is not toxic. Bismuth is the most diamagnetic of all metals, and the thermal conductivity is lower than any metal, except mercury. Bismuth is not toxic. It has a high electrical resistance, and has the highest Hall Effect of any metal (i.e., greatest increase in electrical resistance when placed in a magnetic field). Bismuth expands on solidification. This property makes bismuth alloys particularly suited to the making of sharp castings of objects subject to damage by high temperatures. With other metals such as tin, cadmium , etc., bismuth forms low-melting alloys which are extensively used for safety devices in fire detection and extinguishing systems. Bismuth is used in producing malleable irons and is finding use as a catalyst for making acrylic fibers. When bismuth is heated in air it burns with a blue flame, forming yellow fumes of the oxide. The metal is also used as a thermocoupling material, and has found application as a carrier for 235 U or 233 U fuel in nuclear reactors. Its soluble salts are characterized by forming unsoluble basic salts on the addition of water, a property sometimes used in detection work. Bismuth oxychloride is used extensively in cosmetics. Bismuth was first discovered by Early Man. The name Bismuth originates from the German word 'wissmuth' meaning white mass. See Bismuth research below.
Arsenic is a Block P, Group 15, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Arsenic's shells is 2, 8, 18, 5 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3. In its elemental form arsenic's CAS number is 1327-53-3. The arsenic atom has a radius of 124.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 185.pm. Arsenic in the organic form is not harmful but in the inorganic form it is extremely toxic even in very small amounts. Arsenic has numerous applications as a semiconductor and other electronic applications as Indium arsenide, silicon arsenide and tin arsenidea. Arsenic is finding increasing uses as a doping agent in solid-state devices such as transistors. Gallium arsenide is used as a laser material to convert electricity directly into coherent light. Arsenic is used in bronzing and for hardening and improving the sphericity of shot. Due to its toxicity, arsenic compounds are used in insecticides and wood preservation.Arsenic is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Arsenic information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed here. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included. See Arsenic research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in Brazil: clarithromycin is still a good option.
Jaime Natan E, Silva FM, Barbuti RC, Navarro-Rodriguez T, Moraes-Filho JP, Pedrazzoli J Jr.
Arq Gastroenterol. 2011 Dec;48(4):261-4.
PMID:
22147131
[PubMed - in process]
Towards better photocatalysts: first-principles studies of the alloying effects on the photocatalytic activities of bismuth oxyhalides under visible light.
Zhang H, Liu L, Zhou Z.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Dec 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22146949
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A stannum-bismuth composite film electrode for simultaneous determination of zinc(ii) and cadmium(ii) using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry.
Li NB, Zhu WW, Luo JH, Luo HQ.
Analyst. 2011 Dec 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22145153
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Conductive scanning probe microscopy of nanostructured Bi(2)Te(3).
Souier T, Li G, Santos S, Stefancich M, Chiesa M.
Nanoscale. 2011 Dec 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22143255
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Near-infrared ultrabroadband luminescence spectra properties of subvalent bismuth in CsI halide crystals.
Su L, Zhao H, Li H, Zheng L, Ren G, Xu J, Ryba-Romanowski W, Lisiecki R, Solarz P.
Opt Lett. 2011 Dec 1;36(23):4551-3. doi: 10.1364/OL.36.004551.
PMID:
22139239
[PubMed - in process]
Bismuth Shields for CT Dose Reduction: Do They Help or Hurt?
McCollough CH, Wang J, Berland LL.
J Am Coll Radiol. 2011 Dec;8(12):878-9. No abstract available.
PMID:
22137008
[PubMed - in process]
Treatment and diagnostic accuracy of neurosyphilis at Boston City Hospital's Neurological Unit, 1930-1979.
Patterson D, Vilensky JA, Robertson WM, Berger J.
J Neurol Sci. 2011 Nov 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22129939
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Three novel Bi(iii) complexes with in situ generated anilate ligands: unusual oxidation of cyclohexanedione to dihydroxy benzoquinone.
Gao H, Zhang XM.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Nov 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22124341
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Microfabricated disposable lab-on-a-chip sensors with integrated bismuth microelectrode arrays for voltammetric determination of trace metals.
Kokkinos C, Economou A, Raptis I.
Anal Chim Acta. 2012 Jan 13;710:1-8. Epub 2011 Nov 3.
PMID:
22123106
[PubMed - in process]
Novel in situ N-Doped (BiO)2CO3 Hierarchical Microspheres Self-Assembled by Nanosheets as Efficient and Durable Visible Light Driven Photocatalyst.
Dong F, Sun Y, Fu M, Ho WK, Lee SC, Wu Z.
Langmuir. 2011 Nov 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22122119
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
From {Bi(22) O(26) } to Chiral Ligand-Protected {Bi(38) O(45) }-Based Bismuth Oxido Clusters.
Mansfeld D, Miersch L, Rüffer T, Schaarschmidt D, Lang H, Böhle T, Troff RW, Schalley CA, Müller J, Mehring M.
Chemistry. 2011 Nov 25. doi: 10.1002/chem.201102437. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22120957
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Status of development of gamma-ray detector response function code or GAMDRF.
Li F, Han X.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2011 Nov 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22118837
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Metronidazole-based quadruple versus standard triple therapy: which is better as first-line therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication?
Suzuki H, Matsuzaki J, Hibi T.
Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2011 Sep;4(5):579-82.
PMID:
22114887
[PubMed - in process]
Characteristics of rational harmonic mode-locked short-cavity fiber ring laser using a bismuth-oxide-based erbium-doped fiber and a bismuth-oxide-based highly nonlinear fiber.
Fukuchi Y, Maeda J.
Opt Express. 2011 Nov 7;19(23):22502-9. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.022502.
PMID:
22109128
[PubMed - in process]
Fabrication and supercontinuum generation in dispersion flattened bismuth microstructured optical fiber.
Zhang WQ, Ebendorff-Heidepriem H, Monro TM, Afshar V S.
Opt Express. 2011 Oct 24;19(22):21135-44. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.021135.
PMID:
22108964
[PubMed - in process]
Structural motifs in phenylbismuth heterocyclic carboxylates - secondary interactions leading to oligomers.
Anjaneyulu O, Maddileti D, Kumara Swamy KC.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Nov 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22105914
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Influences of Oxygen Pressure on Optical Properties and Interband Electronic Transitions in Multiferroic Bismuth Ferrite Nanocrystalline Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition.
Jiang K, Zhu J, Wu J, Sun J, Hu Z, Chu J.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2011 Nov 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22103473
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Hydride generation in-atomizer collection atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of antimony in acetic acid leachates from pewter cups.
Dessuy MB, Kratzer J, Vale MG, Welz B, Dedina J.
Talanta. 2011 Dec 15;87:255-61. Epub 2011 Oct 17.
PMID:
22099676
[PubMed - in process]
Preparation and characterization of bismuth oxide nanoparticles-multiwalled carbon nanotube composite for the development of horseradish peroxidase based H(2)O(2) biosensor.
Periasamy AP, Yang S, Chen SM.
Talanta. 2011 Dec 15;87:15-23. Epub 2011 Oct 5.
PMID:
22099642
[PubMed - in process]
Etiopathogenetic principles and peptic ulcer disease classification.
Tytgat GN.
Dig Dis. 2011;29(5):454-8. Epub 2011 Nov 16.
PMID:
22095009
[PubMed - in process]
Recent Research & Development for Arsenates
EXAFS and DFT investigations of uranyl arsenate complexes in aqueous solution.
Gezahegne WA, Hennig C, Tsushima S, Planer-Friedrich B, Scheinost AC, Merkel BJ.
Environ Sci Technol. 2012 Feb 21;46(4):2228-33. Epub 2012 Feb 8.
PMID:
22229913
[PubMed - in process]
Arsenic accumulating and transforming bacteria isolated from contaminated soil for potential use in bioremediation.
Banerjee S, Datta S, Chattyopadhyay D, Sarkar P.
J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2011 Dec;46(14):1736-47.
PMID:
22175878
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Arsenic contamination and speciation in surrounding waters of three old cinnabar mines.
Larios R, Fernández-Martínez R, Silva V, Loredo J, Rucandio I.
J Environ Monit. 2012 Feb;14(2):531-42. Epub 2011 Dec 5.
PMID:
22139034
[PubMed - in process]
Characterization of arsenate transformation and identification of arsenate reductase in a green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
Yin X, Wang L, Duan G, Sun G.
J Environ Sci (China). 2011;23(7):1186-93.
PMID:
22125913
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Determination of arsenate in natural pH seawater using a manganese-coated gold microwire electrode.
Gibbon-Walsh K, Salaün P, van den Berg CM.
Anal Chim Acta. 2012 Jan 13;710:50-7. Epub 2011 Oct 28.
PMID:
22123111
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Arsenate induces the expression of fungal genes involved in As transport in arbuscular mycorrhiza.
González-Chávez Mdel C, Ortega-Larrocea Mdel P, Carrillo-González R, López-Meyer M, Xoconostle-Cázares B, Gomez SK, Harrison MJ, Figueroa-López AM, Maldonado-Mendoza IE.
Fungal Biol. 2011 Dec;115(12):1197-209. Epub 2011 Sep 1.
PMID:
22115439
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Comparison of anion removal capacities of Octolig and Cuprilig.
Martin DF, Franz DM.
J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2011 Dec;46(14):1619-24.
PMID:
22077670
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Effect of inorganic and organic ligands on the sorption/desorption of arsenate on/from Al-Mg and Fe-Mg layered double hydroxides.
Caporale AG, Pigna M, Dynes JJ, Cozzolino V, Zhu J, Violante A.
J Hazard Mater. 2011 Dec 30;198:291-8. Epub 2011 Oct 18.
PMID:
22071258
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Toward protein engineering for phytoremediation: possibilities and challenges.
Jez JM.
Int J Phytoremediation. 2011;13 Suppl 1:77-89. Review.
PMID:
22046752
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Condensation cascades and methylgroup transfer reactions during the formation of arsane, methyl- and dimethylarsane by aqueous borohydride and (methyl) arsenates.
D'Ulivo A, Meija J, Mester Z, Pagliano E, Sturgeon RE.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2012 Jan;402(2):921-33. Epub 2011 Oct 30.
PMID:
22038660
[PubMed - in process]
Comparison of arsenate and cadmium toxicity in a freshwater amphipod (Gammarus pulex).
Vellinger C, Parant M, Rousselle P, Immel F, Wagner P, Usseglio-Polatera P.
Environ Pollut. 2012 Jan;160(1):66-73. Epub 2011 Oct 14.
PMID:
22035927
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Arsenic accumulation and translocation in the submerged macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle.
Xue PY, Yan CZ.
Chemosphere. 2011 Nov;85(7):1176-81. Epub 2011 Oct 22.
PMID:
22024098
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Vibrational spectroscopic study of the mineral pitticite Fe, AsO4, SO4, H2O.
Frost RL, Xi Y, Tan K, Millar GJ, Palmer SJ.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2012 Jan;85(1):173-8. Epub 2011 Oct 5.
PMID:
22020166
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Enhanced extraction of heavy metals in the two-step process with the mixed culture of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus.
Chang YC, Choi D, Kikuchi S.
Bioresour Technol. 2012 Jan;103(1):477-80. Epub 2011 Sep 20.
PMID:
22019399
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Synergistic effect of coupling zero-valent iron with iron oxide-coated sand in columns for chromate and arsenate removal from groundwater: Influences of humic acid and the reactive media configuration.
Mak MS, Lo IM, Liu T.
Water Res. 2011 Dec 1;45(19):6575-84. Epub 2011 Oct 8.
PMID:
22018698
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Arsenic speciation in plankton organisms from contaminated lakes: transformations at the base of the freshwater food chain.
Caumette G, Koch I, Estrada E, Reimer KJ.
Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Dec 1;45(23):9917-23. Epub 2011 Nov 3.
PMID:
22017302
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Arsenate uptake and arsenite simultaneous sorption and oxidation by Fe-Mn binary oxides: influence of Mn/Fe ratio, pH, Ca2+, and humic acid.
Zhang G, Liu H, Qu J, Jefferson W.
J Colloid Interface Sci. 2012 Jan 15;366(1):141-6. Epub 2011 Oct 1.
PMID:
22014399
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Differential pair distribution function study of the structure of arsenate adsorbed on nanocrystalline ?-alumina.
Li W, Harrington R, Tang Y, Kubicki JD, Aryanpour M, Reeder RJ, Parise JB, Phillips BL.
Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Nov 15;45(22):9687-92. Epub 2011 Oct 24.
PMID:
21988151
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Spectroscopic evidence for ternary complex formation between arsenate and ferric iron complexes of humic substances.
Mikutta C, Kretzschmar R.
Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Nov 15;45(22):9550-7. Epub 2011 Oct 24.
PMID:
21985502
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Vibrational spectroscopy of the multi-anion mineral zykaite Fe4(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)ˇ15H2O-implications for arsenate removal.
Frost RL, Palmer SJ, Xi Y.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2011 Dec;83(1):444-8. Epub 2011 Aug 31.
PMID:
21943717
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Bismuth Arsenate is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Bismuth is a Block P, Group 15, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Bismuth's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3. In its elemental form bismuth's CAS number is 7440-69-9. The bismuth atom has a radius of 154.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Bismuth is not toxic. Bismuth is the most diamagnetic of all metals, and the thermal conductivity is lower than any metal, except mercury. Bismuth is not toxic. It has a high electrical resistance, and has the highest Hall Effect of any metal (i.e., greatest increase in electrical resistance when placed in a magnetic field). Bismuth expands on solidification. This property makes bismuth alloys particularly suited to the making of sharp castings of objects subject to damage by high temperatures. With other metals
such as tin, cadmium , etc., bismuth forms low-melting alloys which 
are extensively used for safety devices in fire detection and extinguishing systems. Bismuth is used in producing malleable irons and is finding use as a catalyst for making acrylic fibers. When bismuth is heated in air it burns with a blue flame, forming yellow fumes of the oxide. The metal is also used as a thermocoupling material, and has found application as a carrier for 235 U or 233 U fuel in nuclear reactors. Its soluble salts are characterized by forming unsoluble basic salts on the addition of water, a property sometimes used in detection work. Bismuth oxychloride is used extensively in cosmetics. Bismuth was first discovered by Early Man. The name Bismuth originates from the German word 'wissmuth' meaning white mass. See Bismuth research below.
Arsenic is a Block P, Group 15, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Arsenic's shells is 2, 8, 18, 5 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3. In its elemental form arsenic's CAS number is 1327-53-3.
The arsenic atom has a radius of 124.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 185.pm. Arsenic in the organic form is not harmful but in the inorganic form it is extremely toxic even in very small amounts. Arsenic has numerous applications as a semiconductor and other electronic applications as Indium arsenide, silicon arsenide and tin arsenidea. Arsenic is finding increasing uses as a doping agent in solid-state devices such as transistors. Gallium arsenide is used as a laser material to convert electricity directly into coherent light. Arsenic is used in bronzing and for hardening and improving the sphericity of shot. Due to its toxicity, arsenic compounds are used in insecticides and wood preservation.Arsenic is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in 
the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Arsenic information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed here. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included. See Arsenic research below.
