Bismuth Bromide is a highly water soluble crystalline Bismuth source for uses compatible with Bromides and lower (acidic) pH. Most metal bromide compounds are water soluble for uses in water treatment, chemical analysis and in ultra high purity for certain crystal growth applications. Bromide in an aqueous solution can be detected by adding Bismuth disulfide (CS2) and chlorine. Bismuth Bromide is generally immediately available in most volumes. Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards. Nanoscale (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots) elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Bismuth is a Block P, Group 15, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Bismuth's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3. In its elemental form bismuth's CAS number is 7440-69-9. The bismuth atom has a radius of 154.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Bismuth is the most diamagnetic of all metals, and the thermal conductivity is lower than any metal, except mercury. Bismuth is not toxic. It has a high electrical resistance, and has the highest Hall Effect of any metal (i.e., greatest increase in electrical resistance when placed in a magnetic field). Bismuth expands on solidification. This property makes bismuth alloys particularly suited to the making of sharp castings of objects subject to damage by high temperatures. With other metals such as tin, cadmium , etc., bismuth forms low-melting alloys which are extensively used for safety devices in fire detection and extinguishing systems. Bismuth is used in producing malleable irons and is finding use as a catalyst for making acrylic fibers. When bismuth is heated in air it burns with a blue flame, forming yellow fumes of the oxide. The metal is also used as a thermocoupling material, and has found application as a carrier for 235 U or 233 U fuel in nuclear reactors. Its soluble salts are characterized by forming unsoluble basic salts on the addition of water, a property sometimes used in detection work. Bismuth oxychloride is used extensively in cosmetics. Bismuth was first discovered by Early Man. The name Bismuth originates from the German word 'wissmuth' meaning white mass. See Bismuth research below.
Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in Brazil: clarithromycin is still a good option.
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Bismuth Shields for CT Dose Reduction: Do They Help or Hurt?
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J Am Coll Radiol. 2011 Dec;8(12):878-9. No abstract available.
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Three novel Bi(iii) complexes with in situ generated anilate ligands: unusual oxidation of cyclohexanedione to dihydroxy benzoquinone.
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Dalton Trans. 2011 Nov 29. [Epub ahead of print]
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Microfabricated disposable lab-on-a-chip sensors with integrated bismuth microelectrode arrays for voltammetric determination of trace metals.
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Anal Chim Acta. 2012 Jan 13;710:1-8. Epub 2011 Nov 3.
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Novel in situ N-Doped (BiO)2CO3 Hierarchical Microspheres Self-Assembled by Nanosheets as Efficient and Durable Visible Light Driven Photocatalyst.
Dong F, Sun Y, Fu M, Ho WK, Lee SC, Wu Z.
Langmuir. 2011 Nov 28. [Epub ahead of print]
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22122119
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From {Bi(22) O(26) } to Chiral Ligand-Protected {Bi(38) O(45) }-Based Bismuth Oxido Clusters.
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Chemistry. 2011 Nov 25. doi: 10.1002/chem.201102437. [Epub ahead of print]
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22120957
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Status of development of gamma-ray detector response function code or GAMDRF.
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Appl Radiat Isot. 2011 Nov 18. [Epub ahead of print]
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22118837
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Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2011 Sep;4(5):579-82.
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Characteristics of rational harmonic mode-locked short-cavity fiber ring laser using a bismuth-oxide-based erbium-doped fiber and a bismuth-oxide-based highly nonlinear fiber.
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Opt Express. 2011 Nov 7;19(23):22502-9. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.022502.
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Opt Express. 2011 Oct 24;19(22):21135-44. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.021135.
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Structural motifs in phenylbismuth heterocyclic carboxylates - secondary interactions leading to oligomers.
Anjaneyulu O, Maddileti D, Kumara Swamy KC.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Nov 21. [Epub ahead of print]
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Influences of Oxygen Pressure on Optical Properties and Interband Electronic Transitions in Multiferroic Bismuth Ferrite Nanocrystalline Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition.
Jiang K, Zhu J, Wu J, Sun J, Hu Z, Chu J.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2011 Nov 21. [Epub ahead of print]
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22103473
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Hydride generation in-atomizer collection atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of antimony in acetic acid leachates from pewter cups.
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Talanta. 2011 Dec 15;87:255-61. Epub 2011 Oct 17.
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Talanta. 2011 Dec 15;87:15-23. Epub 2011 Oct 5.
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The Scope and Limitation of Nickel-Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Bromides from Formamide Derivatives.
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Bismuth Bromide is a highly water soluble crystalline Bismuth source for uses compatible with Bromides and lower (acidic) pH. Most metal bromide compounds are water soluble for uses in water treatment, chemical analysis and in ultra high purity for certain crystal growth applications. Bromide in an aqueous solution can be detected by adding Bismuth disulfide (CS2) and chlorine. Bismuth Bromide is generally immediately available in most volumes. Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards. Nanoscale (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots) elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Bismuth is a Block P, Group 15, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Bismuth's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3. In its elemental form bismuth's CAS number is 7440-69-9. The bismuth atom has a radius of 154.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Bismuth is the most diamagnetic of all metals, and the thermal conductivity is lower than any metal, except mercury. Bismuth is not toxic. It has a high electrical resistance, and has the highest Hall Effect of any metal (i.e., greatest increase in electrical resistance when placed in a magnetic field). Bismuth expands on solidification. This property makes bismuth alloys particularly suited to the making of sharp castings of objects subject to damage by high temperatures. With other metals
such as tin, cadmium , etc., bismuth forms low-melting alloys which 
are extensively used for safety devices in fire detection and extinguishing systems. Bismuth is used in producing malleable irons and is finding use as a catalyst for making acrylic fibers. When bismuth is heated in air it burns with a blue flame, forming yellow fumes of the oxide. The metal is also used as a thermocoupling material, and has found application as a carrier for 235 U or 233 U fuel in nuclear reactors. Its soluble salts are characterized by forming unsoluble basic salts on the addition of water, a property sometimes used in detection work. Bismuth oxychloride is used extensively in cosmetics. Bismuth was first discovered by Early Man. The name Bismuth originates from the German word 'wissmuth' meaning white mass. See Bismuth research below.
