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berkelium
Berkelium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.

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Berkelium Bohr ModelBerkelium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 7 element. The number of electrons in each of Berkelium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 27, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Rn] 5f9 7s2. In its elemental form berkelium's CAS number is 7440-40-6. The berkelium atom has a radius of 170.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. It is radioactive which means that is is harmful.

Berkelium was discovered by Stanley G. Thompson, Albert Ghiorso and Glenn T. Seaborg in 1949.




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Berkelium Safety Data. The safety data for berkelium metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin. Berkelium compounds have no biological role.

Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for berkelium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:
1st Ionization Energy 601.11 kJ mol-1
2nd Ionization Energy - kJ mol-1
3rd Ionization Energy - kJ mol-1


Conductivity. As to berkelium's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured in terms of electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is - µOcm. The thermal conductivity of berkelium is - W m-1 K-1.

Thermal Properties of Berkelium. The melting point and boiling point for berkelium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.
Heat of Fusion - kJ mol-1
Heat of Vaporization - kJ mol-1
Heat of Atomization 291 kJ mol-1


Recent Research & Development for Berkelium
  • [Absorption of 249Bk from the gastrointestinal tract of rats]. Zalikin GA, Nisimov PG. Radiobiologiia. 1988 Nov-Dec;28(6):845-7. Russian. PMID: 3217523 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • The metabolism of plutonium and related elements. International Commission on Radiological Protection. A report of a Task Group of Committee 2. [No authors listed] Ann ICRP. 1986;16(2-3):i-vi, 1-98. Review. No abstract available. PMID: 3024541 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • [Berkelium-249 metabolism in the body of animals]. Zalikin GA, Moskalev IuI, Nisimov VG. Radiobiologiia. 1984 Jan-Feb;24(1):122-5. Russian. PMID: 6709834 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • [The blastomogenic effect of 249Bk in rats]. Moskalev IuI, Zalikin GA, Zhorova ES, Nisimov PG. Eksp Onkol. 1984;6(3):36-8. Russian. PMID: 6499740 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • Fast neutron yields and spectra from targets of varying atomic number bombarded with deuterons from 16 to 50 MeV. Meulders JP, Leleux P, Macq PC, Pirart C. Phys Med Biol. 1975 Mar;20(2):235-43. PMID: 1153513 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • Therapeutic removal of internally deposited transuranium elements. Smith VH. Health Phys. 1972 Jun;22(6):765-78. No abstract available. PMID: 5084009 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • Preliminary data on 253 Es and 249 Bk metabolism in rats. Hungate FP, Ballou JE, Mahlum DD, Kashima M, Smith VH, Sanders CL, Baxter DW, Sikov MR, Thompson RC. Health Phys. 1972 Jun;22(6):653-6. No abstract available. PMID: 5083995 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • Microscopic distribution of californium-249 and berkelium-249 in the soft tissues of beagles. Taylor GN, Jee WS, Mays CW, Dell RB, Williams JL, Shabestari L. Health Phys. 1972 Jun;22(6):691-3. No abstract available. PMID: 4117315 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • Determination of actinides in biological samples with bidentate organophosphorus extractant. Butler FE, Hall RM. Anal Chem. 1970 Aug;42(9):1073-6. No abstract available. PMID: 5432292 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • Health physics considerations in processing transplutonium elements. Denham DH. Health Phys. 1969 Apr;16(4):475-87. No abstract available. PMID: 5787370 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • Nuclear spin of 249Bk from the hyperfine structure in its emission spectrum. Worden EF, Hulet EK, Lougheed R. J Opt Soc Am. 1967 Apr;57(4):550. No abstract available. PMID: 6027841 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

    Research updated 12/12/2011

    •  
    Formula Atomic Number Molecular Weight Electronegativity (Pauling) Density Melting Point Boiling Point Vanderwaals radius Ionic radius Energy of first ionization
    Bk 97 247 g.mol -1 1.3 13 g/L 1050  °C - °C .200 nm 170 pm 601.11 kJ.mol-1

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