Calcium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
Calcium is a member of the alkaline earth elements. Its primary commercial application is in its metallic form as a reducing agent in the production of other metals. In iron and steel production it is added to the melt to remove oxygen, sulfur and carbon. The various calcium compounds have wide application in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics. It is used in small doses in alloys of copper and beryllium. It is used in dietary supplements and food production because it has been shown to improve bone and dental health. Calcium facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are
Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Calcium is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries. Calcium is a Block S, Group 2, Period 4 element. The electronic configuration is [Ar] 4s2. In its elemental form calcium's CAS number is 7440-70-2. The calcium atom has a radius of 197.4.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm.All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology advantages. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Calcium compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis. Calcium was first discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1808.
Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of calcium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope. |
calcium
Calcium
calcio
Cálcio
calcio
Kalcium
Isotope |
Atomic Mass |
% Abundance on Earth |
Ca-40 |
39.9625911 |
96.94 |
Ca-42 |
41.9586183 |
0.65 |
Ca-43 |
42.9587668 |
0.14 |
Ca-44 |
43.9554811 |
2.09 |
Ca-46 |
45.953693 |
0.01 |
Ca-48 |
47.952534 |
0.19 |
Safety Data. The safety data for calcium metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin.
Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for calcium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table: |
1st Ionization Energy |
589.83 kJ mol-1 |
2nd Ionization Energy |
1145.46 kJ mol-1 |
3rd Ionization Energy |
4912.40 kJ mol-1 |
Conductivity. As to calcium's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured as to electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 3.91 μΩcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 1. The thermal conductivity of calcium is 190 W m-1 K-1.
Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for calcium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization. |
Heat of Fusion |
9.33 kJ mol-1 |
Heat of Vaporization |
150.6 kJ mol-1 |
Heat of Atomization |
177.74 kJ mol-1 |
| Formula | Atomic Number | Molecular Weight | Electronegativity (Pauling) | Density | Melting Point | Boiling Point |
Vanderwaals radius |
Ionic radius | Energy of first ionization |
| Ca | 20 | 40.08 g.mol -1 | 1.0 | 1.6 g.cm-3 at 20 °C | 840 °C | 1484°C | 200.pm | 0.099 nm | 589.83 kJ.mol-1 |
| PRODUCT CATALOG | U.S. Operations | Submicron & Nanopowder | Tolling | Ultra High Purity | Sputtering Target | Crystal Growth | Rod, Plate, Powder, etc. | Foil |
