Calcium Bromide is generally immediately available in most volumes. Hydrate or anhydrous forms may be purchased. Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards. Nanoscale (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots) elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered. Most metal bromide compounds are water soluble for uses in water treatment, chemical analysis and in ultra high purity for certain crystal growth applications. Bromide in an aqueous solution can be detected by adding carbon disulfide (CS2) and chlorine.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Calcium is a Block S, Group 2, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Calcium's shells is 2, 8, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 4s2. In its elemental form calcium's CAS number is 7440-70-2. The calcium atom has a radius of 197.4.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Calcium is a member of the alkaline earth elements. Calcium is an essential metal for living organisms and is non-toxic. Its primary commercial application is in its metallic form as a reducing agent in the production of other metals. In iron and steel production it is added to the melt to remove oxygen, sulfur and carbon. The various calcium compounds have wide application in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics. It is used in small doses in alloys of copper and beryllium. It is used in dietary supplements and food production because it has been shown to improve bone and dental health. Calcium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed here. Calcium was first discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1808. The name calcium originates from the Latin word 'calics' meaning lime. See Calcium research below.
Prevention of preterm labour: 2011 update on tocolysis.
Hubinont C, Debieve F.
J Pregnancy. 2011;2011:941057. Epub 2011 Nov 15.
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22175022
[PubMed - in process]
Efficient conversion of astrocytes to functional midbrain dopaminergic neurons using a single polycistronic vector.
Addis RC, Hsu FC, Wright RL, Dichter MA, Coulter DA, Gearhart JD.
PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28719. Epub 2011 Dec 9.
PMID:
22174877
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Dysferlin Interacts with Histone Deacetylase 6 and Increases alpha-Tubulin Acetylation.
Di Fulvio S, Azakir BA, Therrien C, Sinnreich M.
PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28563. Epub 2011 Dec 8.
PMID:
22174839
[PubMed - in process]
Regulation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Exon IV Transcription through Calcium Responsive Elements in Cortical Neurons.
Zheng F, Zhou X, Luo Y, Xiao H, Wayman G, Wang H.
PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28441. Epub 2011 Dec 9.
PMID:
22174809
[PubMed - in process]
Adeno-associated virus-mediated rescue of the cognitive defects in a mouse model for angelman syndrome.
Daily JL, Nash K, Jinwal U, Golde T, Rogers J, Peters MM, Burdine RD, Dickey C, Banko JL, Weeber EJ.
PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e27221. Epub 2011 Dec 9.
PMID:
22174738
[PubMed - in process]
Nifedipine Protects INS-1 ß-Cell from High Glucose-Induced ER Stress and Apoptosis.
Wang Y, Gao L, Li Y, Chen H, Sun Z.
Int J Mol Sci. 2011;12(11):7569-80. Epub 2011 Nov 7.
PMID:
22174617
[PubMed - in process]
Chitosan Fibers Modified with HAp/ß-TCP Nanoparticles.
Wawro D, Pighinelli L.
Int J Mol Sci. 2011;12(11):7286-300. Epub 2011 Oct 25.
PMID:
22174598
[PubMed - in process]
Mild and moderate pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease is associated with increased coronary artery calcium.
Roy SK, Cespedes A, Li D, Choi TY, Budoff MJ.
Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2011;7:719-24. Epub 2011 Dec 2.
PMID:
22174582
[PubMed - in process]
Ambulatory blood pressure response to triple therapy with an angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB), calcium-channel blocker (CCB), and HCTZ versus dual therapy with an ARB and HCTZ.
Duprez D, Ferdinand K, Purkayastha D, Samuel R, Wright R.
Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2011;7:701-8. Epub 2011 Nov 24.
PMID:
22174580
[PubMed - in process]
Leukotriene E4 Activates Human Th2 Cells for Exaggerated Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in Response to Prostaglandin D2.
Xue L, Barrow A, Fleming VM, Hunter MG, Ogg G, Klenerman P, Pettipher R.
J Immunol. 2011 Dec 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22174450
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Association Between Depression and Vascular Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
Greco CM, Li T, Sattar A, Kao AH, Danchenko N, Edmundowicz D, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Tracy RP, Kuller LH, Manzi S.
J Rheumatol. 2011 Dec 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22174200
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A rare electrocardiographic manifestation of a rare form of multiple electrolyte disturbances: hyperparathyroid crisis.
Hajsadeghi S, Chitsazan M, Miresmail SJ.
Acta Med Iran. 2011 Dec;49(12):824-7.
PMID:
22174173
[PubMed - in process]
A cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of calcium metabolic disorder in malignant childhood cancers in patients admitted to the pediatric ward of vali-asr hospital.
Moayeri H, Oloomi Z, Sambo SA.
Acta Med Iran. 2011 Dec;49(12):818-23.
PMID:
22174172
[PubMed - in process]
Study to Evaluate Two Dosage Regimens of Vitamin D through an Academic Year in Middle School Girls: a Randomized Trial.
Shakiba M, Ghadir M, Nafei Z, Akhavan Karbasi S, Lotfi MH, Shajari A.
Acta Med Iran. 2011 Dec;49(12):780-3.
PMID:
22174164
[PubMed - in process]
Oxidative stress due to aluminium exposure induces eryptosis which is prevented by erythropoietin.
Vota DM, Crisp RL, Nesse AB, Vittori DC.
J Cell Biochem. 2011 Dec 15. doi: 10.1002/jcb.24026. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22174104
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Parameters Affecting the Efficient Delivery of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Materials and Gold Nanorods into Plant Tissues by the Biolistic Method.
Martin-Ortigosa S, Valenstein JS, Sun W, Moeller L, Fang N, Trewyn BG, Lin VS, Wang K.
Small. 2011 Dec 16. doi: 10.1002/smll.201101294. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22174078
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Cell Excitability Necessary for Male Mating Behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans is Coordinated by Interactions Between BK and EAG Family K+ Channels.
Leboeuf B, Garcia LR.
Genetics. 2011 Dec 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22174070
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Dantrolene rescues arrhythmogenic RYR2 defect in a patient-specific stem cell model of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia.
Jung CB, Moretti A, Schnitzler MM, Iop L, Storch U, Bellin M, Dorn T, Ruppenthal S, Pfeiffer S, Goedel A, Dirschinger RJ, Seyfarth M, Lam JT, Sinnecker D, Gudermann T, Lipp P, Laugwitz KL.
EMBO Mol Med. 2011 Dec 15. doi: 10.1002/emmm.201100194. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22174035
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Vitamin D Regulates Anti-Mullerian Hormone Expression in Granulosa Cells of the Hen.
Wojtusik J, Johnson PA.
Biol Reprod. 2011 Dec 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22174023
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Mechanistic involvement of the calpain-calpastatin system in Alzheimer neuropathology.
Higuchi M, Iwata N, Matsuba Y, Takano J, Suemoto T, Maeda J, Ji B, Ono M, Staufenbiel M, Suhara T, Saido TC.
FASEB J. 2011 Dec 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22173972
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Synthesis of Enol Lactones via Cu(I)-Catalyzed Intramolecular O-Vinylation of Carboxylic Acids.
Sun C, Fang Y, Li S, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Zhu S, Li C.
Org Lett. 2010 Jan 5. [Epub ahead of print]
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Formation of ArF from LPdAr(F): Catalytic Conversion of Aryl Triflates to Aryl Fluorides.
Watson DA, Su M, Teverovskiy G, Zhang Y, García-Fortanet J, Kinzel T, Buchwald SL.
Science. 2009 Aug 13. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19679769 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
(2-Pyridyl)acetone-Promoted Cu-Catalyzed O-Arylation of Phenols with Aryl Iodides, Bromides, and Chlorides.
Zhang Q, Wang D, Wang X, Ding K.
J Org Chem. 2009 Aug 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19673481 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Ni-Catalyzed Sonogashira Coupling of Nonactivated Alkyl Halides: Orthogonal Functionalization of Alkyl Iodides, Bromides, and Chlorides.
Vechorkin O, Barmaz D, Proust V, Hu X.
J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Aug 11. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19670863 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Zn-mediated electrochemical allylation of aldehydes in aqueous ammonia.
Huang JM, Dong Y.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2009 Jul 14;(26):3943-5. Epub 2009 May 28.
PMID: 19662260 [PubMed - in process]
Practical Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Diaryl-, Aryl Heteroaryl-, and Diheteroarylmethanols.
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J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print]
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Direct Palladium-Catalyzed Arylations of Aryl Bromides with 2/9-Substituted Pyrimido[5,4-b]indolizines.
Jiang M, Li T, Meng L, Yang C, Xie Y, Ding J.
J Comb Chem. 2009 Jul 31. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19645499 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Versatile chemoselectivity in Ni-catalyzed multiple bond carbonylations and cyclocarbonylations in CO(2)-expanded liquids.
del Moral D, Banet Osuna AM, Córdoba A, Moretó JM, Veciana J, Ricart S, Ventosa N.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2009 Aug 21;(31):4723-5. Epub 2009 Jun 29.
PMID: 19641822 [PubMed - in process]
Highly Selective Biaryl Cross-Coupling Reactions between Aryl Halides and Aryl Grignard Reagents: A New Catalyst Combination of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel Fluorides.
Hatakeyama T, Hashimoto S, Ishizuka K, Nakamura M.
J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Jul 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19639999 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Hexacationic Dendriphos Ligands in the Pd-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction: Scope and Mechanistic Studies.
Snelders DJ, van Koten G, Klein Gebbink RJ.
J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Jul 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19639941 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Can One Predict Changes from S(N)1 to S(N)2 Mechanisms?
Phan TB, Nolte C, Kobayashi S, Ofial AR, Mayr H.
J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Jul 27. [Epub ahead of print]
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A General Copper-Catalyzed Coupling of Azoles with Vinyl Bromides.
Liao Q, Wang Y, Zhang L, Xi C.
J Org Chem. 2009 Jul 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19603753 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Kinetics of Bromine-Magnesium Exchange Reactions in Heteroaryl Bromides.
Shi L, Chu Y, Knochel P, Mayr H.
Org Lett. 2009 Jul 14. [Epub ahead of print]
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C5-Modified nucleosides exhibiting anticancer activity.
Lee YS, Park SM, Kim HM, Park SK, Lee K, Lee CW, Kim BH.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Aug 15;19(16):4688-91. Epub 2009 Jun 21.
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Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling of Ammonia with Aryl Chlorides, Bromides, Iodides, and Sulfonates: A General Method for the Preparation of Primary Arylamines.
Vo GD, Hartwig JF.
J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Jul 10. [Epub ahead of print]
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New One-Pot Synthesis of (E)-beta-Aryl Vinyl Halides from Styrenes.
Pawluc´ P, Hreczycho G, Szudkowska J, Kubicki M, Marciniec B.
Org Lett. 2009 Jul 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19572730 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The Scope and Limitation of Nickel-Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Bromides from Formamide Derivatives.
Jo Y, Ju J, Choe J, Song KH, Lee S.
J Org Chem. 2009 Jul 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19572571 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Electroencephalographic and behavioral convulsant effects of hydrobromide and hydrochloride salts of bupropion in conscious rodents.
Henshall DC, Dürmüller N, White HS, Williams R, Moser P, Dunleavy M, Silverstone PH.
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2009;5:189-206. Epub 2009 Apr 8.
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A facile route to C2-substituted imidazolium ionic liquids.
Ennis E, Handy ST.
Molecules. 2009 Jun 19;14(6):2235-45.
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Synthesis of 1,3-amino alcohol derivatives via a silicon-mediated ring-opening of substituted piperidines.
McCall WS, Comins DL.
Org Lett. 2009 Jul 2;11(13):2940-2.
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Calcium Bromide is generally immediately available in most volumes. Hydrate or anhydrous forms may be purchased. Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards. Nanoscale (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots) elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered. Most metal bromide compounds are water soluble for uses in water treatment, chemical analysis and in ultra high purity for certain crystal growth applications. Bromide in an aqueous solution can be detected by adding carbon disulfide (CS2) and chlorine.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Calcium is a Block S, Group 2, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Calcium's shells is 2, 8, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 4s2. In its elemental form calcium's CAS number is 7440-70-2. The calcium atom has a radius of 197.4.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Calcium is a member of the alkaline earth elements. Calcium is an essential metal for living organisms and is non-toxic. Its primary commercial application is in its metallic form as a reducing 
agent in the production of other metals. In iron and steel production it is added to the melt to remove oxygen, sulfur and carbon. The various 
calcium compounds have wide application in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics. It is used in small doses in alloys of copper and beryllium. It is used in dietary supplements and food production because it has been shown to improve bone and dental health. Calcium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed here. Calcium was first discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1808. The name calcium originates from the Latin word 'calics' meaning lime. See Calcium research below. 
