Calcium Fluoride Windows are typically used for excimer laser optics due to its low absorption and high damage threshold. Calcium fluoride has a high transmission ranging from 250nm to 7µm. Calcium Fluoride Windows are availble with a typical thickness of 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, although other thickness from 1.0mm to 20.0 mm may be available.
Windows are typically availabe in a variety of sizes, contact us for availability.
Calcium is a Block S, Group 2, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Calcium's shells is 2, 8, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 4s2. In its elemental form calcium's CAS number is 7440-70-2. The calcium atom has a radius of 197.4.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Calcium is a reactive, soft metal. Calcium is a member of the alkaline earth elements. Calcium is an essential metal for living organisms and is non-toxic. Its primary commercial application is in its metallic form as a reducing agent in the production of other metals. In iron and steel production it is added to the melt to remove oxygen, sulfur and carbon. The various calcium compounds have wide application in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics. It is used in small doses in alloys of copper and beryllium. It is used in dietary supplements and food production because it has been shown to improve bone and dental health. Calcium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed here. Calcium was first discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1808. The name calcium originates from the Latin word 'calics' meaning lime. See Calcium research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Prevention of preterm labour: 2011 update on tocolysis.
Hubinont C, Debieve F.
J Pregnancy. 2011;2011:941057. Epub 2011 Nov 15.
PMID:
22175022
[PubMed - in process]
Efficient conversion of astrocytes to functional midbrain dopaminergic neurons using a single polycistronic vector.
Addis RC, Hsu FC, Wright RL, Dichter MA, Coulter DA, Gearhart JD.
PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28719. Epub 2011 Dec 9.
PMID:
22174877
[PubMed - in process]
Dysferlin Interacts with Histone Deacetylase 6 and Increases alpha-Tubulin Acetylation.
Di Fulvio S, Azakir BA, Therrien C, Sinnreich M.
PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28563. Epub 2011 Dec 8.
PMID:
22174839
[PubMed - in process]
Regulation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Exon IV Transcription through Calcium Responsive Elements in Cortical Neurons.
Zheng F, Zhou X, Luo Y, Xiao H, Wayman G, Wang H.
PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28441. Epub 2011 Dec 9.
PMID:
22174809
[PubMed - in process]
Adeno-associated virus-mediated rescue of the cognitive defects in a mouse model for angelman syndrome.
Daily JL, Nash K, Jinwal U, Golde T, Rogers J, Peters MM, Burdine RD, Dickey C, Banko JL, Weeber EJ.
PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e27221. Epub 2011 Dec 9.
PMID:
22174738
[PubMed - in process]
Nifedipine Protects INS-1 ß-Cell from High Glucose-Induced ER Stress and Apoptosis.
Wang Y, Gao L, Li Y, Chen H, Sun Z.
Int J Mol Sci. 2011;12(11):7569-80. Epub 2011 Nov 7.
PMID:
22174617
[PubMed - in process]
Chitosan Fibers Modified with HAp/ß-TCP Nanoparticles.
Wawro D, Pighinelli L.
Int J Mol Sci. 2011;12(11):7286-300. Epub 2011 Oct 25.
PMID:
22174598
[PubMed - in process]
Mild and moderate pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease is associated with increased coronary artery calcium.
Roy SK, Cespedes A, Li D, Choi TY, Budoff MJ.
Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2011;7:719-24. Epub 2011 Dec 2.
PMID:
22174582
[PubMed - in process]
Ambulatory blood pressure response to triple therapy with an angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB), calcium-channel blocker (CCB), and HCTZ versus dual therapy with an ARB and HCTZ.
Duprez D, Ferdinand K, Purkayastha D, Samuel R, Wright R.
Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2011;7:701-8. Epub 2011 Nov 24.
PMID:
22174580
[PubMed - in process]
Leukotriene E4 Activates Human Th2 Cells for Exaggerated Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in Response to Prostaglandin D2.
Xue L, Barrow A, Fleming VM, Hunter MG, Ogg G, Klenerman P, Pettipher R.
J Immunol. 2011 Dec 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22174450
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Association Between Depression and Vascular Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
Greco CM, Li T, Sattar A, Kao AH, Danchenko N, Edmundowicz D, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Tracy RP, Kuller LH, Manzi S.
J Rheumatol. 2011 Dec 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22174200
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A rare electrocardiographic manifestation of a rare form of multiple electrolyte disturbances: hyperparathyroid crisis.
Hajsadeghi S, Chitsazan M, Miresmail SJ.
Acta Med Iran. 2011 Dec;49(12):824-7.
PMID:
22174173
[PubMed - in process]
A cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of calcium metabolic disorder in malignant childhood cancers in patients admitted to the pediatric ward of vali-asr hospital.
Moayeri H, Oloomi Z, Sambo SA.
Acta Med Iran. 2011 Dec;49(12):818-23.
PMID:
22174172
[PubMed - in process]
Study to Evaluate Two Dosage Regimens of Vitamin D through an Academic Year in Middle School Girls: a Randomized Trial.
Shakiba M, Ghadir M, Nafei Z, Akhavan Karbasi S, Lotfi MH, Shajari A.
Acta Med Iran. 2011 Dec;49(12):780-3.
PMID:
22174164
[PubMed - in process]
Oxidative stress due to aluminium exposure induces eryptosis which is prevented by erythropoietin.
Vota DM, Crisp RL, Nesse AB, Vittori DC.
J Cell Biochem. 2011 Dec 15. doi: 10.1002/jcb.24026. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22174104
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Parameters Affecting the Efficient Delivery of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Materials and Gold Nanorods into Plant Tissues by the Biolistic Method.
Martin-Ortigosa S, Valenstein JS, Sun W, Moeller L, Fang N, Trewyn BG, Lin VS, Wang K.
Small. 2011 Dec 16. doi: 10.1002/smll.201101294. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22174078
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Cell Excitability Necessary for Male Mating Behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans is Coordinated by Interactions Between BK and EAG Family K+ Channels.
Leboeuf B, Garcia LR.
Genetics. 2011 Dec 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22174070
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Dantrolene rescues arrhythmogenic RYR2 defect in a patient-specific stem cell model of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia.
Jung CB, Moretti A, Schnitzler MM, Iop L, Storch U, Bellin M, Dorn T, Ruppenthal S, Pfeiffer S, Goedel A, Dirschinger RJ, Seyfarth M, Lam JT, Sinnecker D, Gudermann T, Lipp P, Laugwitz KL.
EMBO Mol Med. 2011 Dec 15. doi: 10.1002/emmm.201100194. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22174035
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Vitamin D Regulates Anti-Mullerian Hormone Expression in Granulosa Cells of the Hen.
Wojtusik J, Johnson PA.
Biol Reprod. 2011 Dec 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22174023
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Mechanistic involvement of the calpain-calpastatin system in Alzheimer neuropathology.
Higuchi M, Iwata N, Matsuba Y, Takano J, Suemoto T, Maeda J, Ji B, Ono M, Staufenbiel M, Suhara T, Saido TC.
FASEB J. 2011 Dec 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22173972
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Recent Research & Development for Fluorides
Randomized controlled trial on fluoride varnish application for treatment of white spot lesion after fixed orthodontic treatment.
Du M, Cheng N, Tai B, Jiang H, Li J, Bian Z.
Clin Oral Investig. 2011 Feb 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21331637
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Site specific toxicological risk from fluoride exposure through ingestion of vegetables and cereal crops in Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Jha SK, Nayak AK, Sharma YK.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2011 Feb 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21329982
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Measurement of Fluoride-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Using Gaussia Luciferase.
Sharma R, Tsuchiya M, Tannous BA, Bartlett JD.
Methods Enzymol. 2011;491C:111-125.
PMID:
21329797
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
"The toxic effect of fluoride on MG63 osteoblast cells is also dependent on the production of nitric oxide"
Bergandi L, Aina V, Malavasi G, Morterra C, Ghigo D.
Chem Biol Interact. 2011 Feb 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21329685
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Expanding Coverage of the Metabolome for Global Metabolite Profiling.
Yanes O, Tautenhahn R, Patti GJ, Siuzdak G.
Anal Chem. 2011 Feb 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21329365
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Oral care.
Hitz Lindenmüller I, Lambrecht JT.
Curr Probl Dermatol. 2011;40:107-15. Epub 2011 Feb 10.
PMID:
21325845
[PubMed - in process]
Antibacterial Activity and Physical Properties of Conventional Glass-ionomer Cements Containing Chlorhexidine Diacetate/Cetrimide Mixtures.
Tüzüner T, Kusgöz A, Er K, Tasdemir T, Buruk K, Kemer B.
J Esthet Restor Dent. 2011 Feb;23(1):46-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2010.00385.x.
PMID:
21323839
[PubMed - in process]
Publisher's Note: "Kinetics following addition of sulfur fluorides to a weakly ionized plasma from 300 to 500 K: Rate constants and product determinations for ion-ion mutual neutralization and thermal electron attachment to SF(5), SF(3), and SF(2)" [J. Chem. Phys. 133, 234304 (2010)].
Shuman NS, Miller TM, Hazari N, Luzik ED, Viggiano AA.
J Chem Phys. 2011 Feb 14;134(6):069901. No abstract available.
PMID:
21322742
[PubMed - in process]
[Effect of oral rinse with Turkish gall on the clinical periodontal parameters and halitosis.]
An YB, He L, Meng HX, Liu TT, Yan FH.
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. 2011 Feb 18;43(1):22-25. Chinese.
PMID:
21321613
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
In Vivo Imaging of Mineral Deposition in Carotid Plaque Using 18F-Sodium Fluoride PET/CT: Correlation with Atherogenic Risk Factors.
Derlin T, Wisotzki C, Richter U, Apostolova I, Bannas P, Weber C, Mester J, Klutmann S.
J Nucl Med. 2011 Feb 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21321276
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Evaluation of fluoride varnish and its comparison with pumice prophylaxis using self-etching primer in orthodontic bonding--an in vivo study.
Grover S, Sidhu MS, Prabhakar M, Jena S, Soni S.
Eur J Orthod. 2011 Feb 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21320891
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Fluoride consumption and its impact on oral health.
Jiménez-Farfán MD, Hernández-Guerrero JC, Juárez-López LA, Jacinto-Alemán LF, de la Fuente-Hernández J.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011 Jan;8(1):148-60. Epub 2011 Jan 19.
PMID:
21318021
[PubMed - in process]
Effects of a fluoride-containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate complex on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.
Cehreli SB, Sar C, Polat-Özsoy O, Unver B, Ozsoy S.
Eur J Orthod. 2011 Feb 11. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21317209
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Fluoride concentration in dentine as a biomarker of fluoride intake in European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) - An electron-microprobe study.
Richter H, Kierdorf U, Richards A, Melcher F, Kierdorf H.
Arch Oral Biol. 2011 Feb 11. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21316646
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Synthesis of hypoxia imaging agent 1-(5-deoxy-5-fluoro-a-d-arabinofuranosyl)-2-nitroimidazole using microfluidic technology.
Bouvet VR, Wuest M, Wiebe LI, Wuest F.
Nucl Med Biol. 2011 Feb;38(2):235-45. Epub 2010 Dec 3.
PMID:
21315279
[PubMed - in process]
Properties of Partially Purified Endopolyphosphatase of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Lichko LP, Kulakovskaya TV, Kulaev IS.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 2010 Nov;75(11):1404-7.
PMID:
21314609
[PubMed - in process]
Study of interaction of ceruloplasmin with serprocidins.
Sokolov AV, Ageeva KV, Kostevich VA, Berlov MN, Runova OL, Zakharova ET, Vasilyev VB.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 2010 Nov;75(11):1361-7.
PMID:
21314603
[PubMed - in process]
Silver-Mediated Palladium-Catalyzed Direct C-H Arylation of 3-Bromoisothiazole-4-carbonitrile.
Ioannidou HA, Koutentis PA.
Org Lett. 2011 Feb 11. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21314108
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Impact of an oral health intervention on pre-school children <3 years of age in a rural setting in Australia.
Neumann AS, Lee KJ, Gussy MG, Waters EB, Carlin JB, Riggs E, Kilpatrick NM.
J Paediatr Child Health. 2011 Feb 11. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2010.01988.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21309883
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Prophylactic agents and bacterial adherence to titanium.
Barros RN, Gouvęa CV.
Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011 Feb 11. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02099.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21309861
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Calcium Fluoride Windows are typically used for excimer laser optics due to its low absorption and high damage threshold. Calcium fluoride has a high transmission ranging from 250nm to 7µm. Calcium Fluoride Windows are availble with a typical thickness of 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, although other thickness from 1.0mm to 20.0 mm may be available.
Windows are typically availabe in a variety of sizes, contact us for availability.
Calcium is a Block S, Group 2, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Calcium's shells is 2, 8, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 4s2. In its elemental form calcium's CAS number is 7440-70-2. The calcium atom has a radius of 197.4.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Calcium is a reactive, soft metal. Calcium is a member of the alkaline earth elements. Calcium is an essential metal for living organisms and is non-toxic. Its primary commercial application is in its metallic form as a reducing 
agent in the production of other metals. In iron and steel production it is added to the melt to remove oxygen, sulfur and carbon. The various 
calcium compounds have wide application in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics. It is used in small doses in alloys of copper and beryllium. It is used in dietary supplements and food production because it has been shown to improve bone and dental health. Calcium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed here. Calcium was first discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1808. The name calcium originates from the Latin word 'calics' meaning lime. See Calcium research below.
