American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopeia/British Pharmacopeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.See safety data and research below and pricing/lead time above. American Elements specializes in producing high purity Cadmium Phosphide Sputtering targets with the highest possible density and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes nanoparticles. We also produce Cadmium as disc, granules, ingot, pellets, pieces, powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request.
Cadmium is a Block D, Group 12, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Cadmium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2. In its elemental form cadmium's CAS number is 7440-43-9. The cadmium atom has a radius of 148.9.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 158.pm. Cadmium and its compounds are very toxic. Cadmium is a component of some of the lowest melting alloys; it is used in bearing alloys with low coefficients of friction and great resistance to fatigue. Cadmium is used extensively in electroplating, which accounts for about 60% of its use. It is also used in many types of solder, for standard E.M.F. cells, for nickel-cadmium batteries, and as a barrier to control nuclear fission. Cadmium compounds are used in black and white television phosphors and in blue and green phosphors for color television tubes and CRT monitors. Cadmium in glass and ceramic glazes creates a distinctive cadmium yellow. It forms a number of compounds, of which the sulfate is most common; the sulfide is used as a yellow pigment. Cadmium is similar to carbon in that it has a capacity to form stable covalently bonded molecular networks. Cadmium and its compounds are extremely toxic. Cadmium was first discovered by Fredrich Stromeyer in 1817.
Phosphorus is a Block P, Group 15, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Phosphorus's shells is 2, 8, 5 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p3. In its elemental form Phosphorus's CAS number is 7723-14-0. The Phosphorus atom has a radius of 110.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 180.pm. Although white phosphorus is very toxic, red phosphorus is not considered toxic. Phosphorus information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Comparison of action of mixed permanent
chemical modifiers for cadmium and lead determination in sediments and soils by
slurry sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Dobrowolski R, Adamczyk A, Otto M. Talanta. 2010
Sep 15;82(4):1325-1331. Epub 2010 Jul 4. PubMed PMID: 20801336.
Hepatic
Element Concentrations of Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) During Spring Migration
in the Upper Midwest. Pillatzki AE, Neiger RD, Chipps SR, Higgins KF, Thiex N, Afton AD. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2010 Aug 29. [Epub ahead of
print] PubMed PMID: 20803199.
Distribution and Enrichment of Silver and Cadmium in Coastal
Sediments from Bahía Todos Santos, Baja California, México. Gutiérrez-Galindo EA, Muñoz-Barbosa A, Mandujano-Velasco MR, Daesslé LW,
Orozco Borbón MV. Bull Environ Contam
Toxicol. 2010 Aug 29. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20803288.
Interactive effects of metal contamination and pathogenic organisms
on the introduced marine bivalve Ruditapes philippinarum in European populations.
Paul-Pont I, de Montaudouin X, Gonzalez P, Jude F, Raymond N, Paillard C,
Baudrimont M. Environ Pollut. 2010 Aug 26. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20800936.
Defining the surface
adsorption and internalization of copper and cadmium in a soil bacterium,
Pseudomonas putida. Pabst MW, Miller CD, Dimkpa CO, Anderson AJ, McLean JE. Chemosphere. 2010 Aug 24. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID:
20797767.
Responses of Cynara cardunculus L. to single and combined
cadmium and nickel treatment conditions. Papazoglou EG. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2010 Aug 24.
[Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20797786.
Membrane-Aerated Biofilm
Proton and Oxygen Flux during Chemical Toxin Exposure. McLamore ES, Zhang W, Porterfield DM, Banks MK. Environ Sci Technol. 2010
Aug 24. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20735036.
Carcinogenic risk assessment for emissions from clinical
waste incineration and road traffic. Wheatley A, Sadhra S. Int J Environ Health Res. 2010 Aug 23:1-15.
[Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20737342.
Long-term
cadmium exposure and the association with bone mineral density and fractures in a
population-based study among women. Engström A, Michaëlsson K, Suwazono Y, Wolk A, Vahter M, Akesson A. J Bone Miner Res. 2010 Aug 23. [Epub ahead of
print] PubMed PMID: 20734452.
Assessing risk to human health from tropical
leafy vegetables grown on contaminated urban soils. Nabulo G, Young SD, Black CR. Sci Total Environ. 2010 Aug
23. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20739044.
Erratum to: National estimates of blood lead, cadmium, and
mercury levels in the Korean general adult population. Kim NS, Lee BK. Int Arch Occup Environ
Health. 2010 Aug 21. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20730443.
Trace elements in farmed and
wild gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata. Minganti V, Drava G, Pellegrini RD, Siccardi C. Mar Pollut Bull. 2010 Aug 21. [Epub ahead
of print] PubMed PMID: 20732698.
MAPKKK-dependent and -independent activation of Sty1 stress MAPK in fission
yeast. Zhou X, Ma Y, Sugiura R, Kobayashi D, Suzuki M, Deng L, Kuno T. J Biol Chem. 2010 Aug 20. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20729203.
Involvement of polyamines in adaptation of
Potamogeton crispus L. to cadmium stress. Yang H, Shi G, Wang H, Xu Q. Aquat Toxicol. 2010 Aug 4. [Epub ahead
of print] PubMed PMID: 20728229.
Phytoprotective influence of
bacteria on growth and cadmium accumulation in the aquatic plant Lemna minor.
Stout LM, Dodova EN, Tyson JF, Nüsslein K. Water Res. 2010 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20732704.
Volatile (As and Hg) and non-volatile (Pb and Cd) toxic heavy metals analysis in
rhizome of Zingiber officinale collected from different locations of North
Western Himalayas by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Gupta S, Pandotra P, Gupta AP, Dhar JK, Sharma G, Ram G, Husain MK, Bedi YS. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Jul
30. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20732845.
[Influence of climatic and geographic factors on the environmental
distribution of heavy metals and children's health]. Gig Sanit. 2010
May-Jun;(3):63-6. Russian. PubMed PMID: 20734744.
Cadmium tolerance and
antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas sp. isolated from water, sludge and fish
raised in wastewater-fed tropical ponds. Patra S, Das TK, Ghosh SCh, Sarkar D, Jana BB. Indian J Exp Biol. 2010
Apr;48(4):383-93. PubMed PMID: 20726337.
Screening of poplar clones for cadmium phytoremediation using photosynthesis,
biomass and cadmium content analyses. Pietrini F, Zacchini M, Iori V, Pietrosanti L, Bianconi D, Massacci A. Int J Phytoremediation. 2010
Jan;12(1):105-20. PubMed PMID: 20734632.
Earthworm mucus enhanced cadmium
accumulation of tomato seedlings. Zhang S, Tang C, Li H, Wei Z, Hu F. Int J Phytoremediation. 2010 Jan;12(1):24-33.
PubMed PMID: 20734626.
Recent Research & Development for Phosphorus
Consumption of whole
grains is associated with improved diet quality and nutrient intake in children
and adolescents: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004.
O'Neil CE, Nicklas TA, Zanovec M, Cho SS, Kleinman R. Public Health Nutr. 2010 Oct 6:1-9. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20923597.
Chemical and microbiological changes during
vermicomposting of coffee pulp using exotic (Eudrilus eugeniae) and native
earthworm (Perionyx ceylanesis) species. Raphael K, Velmourougane K. Biodegradation. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead
of print] PubMed PMID: 20922463.
Synthesis, structure,
and reductive elimination in the series Tp'Rh(PR(3))(Ar(F))H; Determination of
rhodium-carbon bond energies of fluoroaryl substituents. Tanabe T, Brennessel WW, Clot E, Eisenstein O, Jones WD. Dalton Trans. 2010 Oct
5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20924525.
Nutrient concentrations in Maryland non-tidal
streams. Morgan RP 2nd, Kline KM. Environ Monit Assess. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID:
20890788.
Hereditary disorders of renal
phosphate wasting. Alizadeh Naderi AS, Reilly RF; Medscape. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
PMID: 20924400.
New Synthesis of 3-Trifluoromethylpyrroles by
Condensation of Mesoionic 4-Trifluoroacetyl-1,3-oxazolium-5-olates with
Phosphorus Ylides. Saijo R, Hagimoto Y, Kawase M. Org Lett. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID:
20923166.
Structural and electronic properties of
luminescent copper(i) halide complexes of bis[2-(diphenylphosphano)phenyl] ether
(DPEphos). Crystal structure of [CuCl(DPEphos)(dmpymtH]. Aslanidis P, Cox PJ, Tsipis AC. Dalton Trans. 2010 Oct
4. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20922239.
Changes in
Microbial Community Structure and Function of Drinking Water Treatment
Bioreactors Upon Phosphorus Addition. Li X, Upadhyaya G, Yuen W, Brown J, Morgenroth E, Raskin L. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010 Oct 1. [Epub
ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20889793.
Determination of a set
of surrogate parameters to assess urban stormwater quality. Miguntanna NS, Egodawatta P, Kokot S, Goonetilleke A. Sci Total Environ.
2010 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20888615.
A review on the effects of environmental conditions on growth and toxin
production of Ostreopsis ovata. Pistocchi R, Pezzolesi L, Guerrini F, Vanucci S, Dell'aversano C, Fattorusso
E. Toxicon. 2010 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
PMID: 20920514.
Tenofovir-associated severe bone pain: I cannot walk! Jhaveri MA, Mawad HW, Thornton AC, Mullen NW, Greenberg RN. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS
Care (Chic Ill). 2010 Sep-Oct;9(5):328-34. PubMed PMID: 20923957.
Characteristics of contaminants in water and
sediment of a constructed wetland treating piggery wastewater effluent. Lee S, Maniquiz MC, Kim LH. J Environ
Sci (China). 2010;22(6):940-5. PubMed PMID: 20923110.
Effect of a seasonal diffuse pollution migration on
natural organic matter behavior in a stratified dam reservoir. Yu SJ, Lee JY, Ha SR. J Environ Sci
(China). 2010;22(6):908-14. PubMed PMID: 20923105.
Water-saving
irrigation of paddy field to reduce nutrient runoff. Hitomi T, Iwamoto Y, Miura A, Hamada K, Takaki K, Shiratani E. J Environ Sci (China).
2010;22(6):885-91. PubMed PMID: 20923101.
Scenario
analysis for reduction of pollutant load discharged from a watershed by recycling
of treated water for irrigation. Shiratani E, Munakata Y, Yoshinaga I, Kubota T, Hamada K, Hitomi T. J Environ Sci (China). 2010;22(6):878-84. PubMed
PMID: 20923100.
Modeling the effects of constructed wetland
on nonpoint source pollution control and reservoir water quality improvement. Ham J, Yoon CG, Kim HJ, Kim HC. J
Environ Sci (China). 2010;22(6):834-9. PubMed PMID: 20923093.
Evaluation of non-point source
pollution reduction by applying best management practices using a SWAT model and
QuickBird high resolution satellite imagery. Lee M, Park G, Park M, Park J, Lee J, Kim S. J Environ Sci (China).
2010;22(6):826-33. PubMed PMID: 20923092.
Understanding nutrient
build-up on urban road surfaces. Miguntanna NP, Goonetilleke A, Egodowatta P, Kokot S. J Environ Sci (China). 2010;22(6):806-12. PubMed
PMID: 20923089.
Monitoring of non-point source pollutants
load from a mixed forest land use. Yoon SW, Chung SW, Oh DG, Lee JW. J Environ Sci (China). 2010;22(6):801-5.
PubMed PMID: 20923088.
American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopeia/British Pharmacopeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.See safety data and research below and pricing/lead time above. American Elements specializes in producing high purity Cadmium Phosphide Sputtering targets with the highest possible density 
and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes nanoparticles. We also produce Cadmium as disc, granules, ingot, pellets, pieces, powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request.
Cadmium is a Block D, Group 12, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Cadmium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2. In its elemental form cadmium's CAS number is 7440-43-9. The cadmium atom has a radius of 148.9.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 158.pm. Cadmium and its compounds are very toxic. Cadmium is a component of some of the lowest melting alloys; it is used in bearing alloys with low coefficients of friction and great resistance to fatigue. Cadmium is used extensively in electroplating, which accounts for about 60% of its use. It is also used in many types of solder, for standard E.M.F. cells, for nickel-cadmium batteries, and as a barrier to control nuclear fission. Cadmium compounds are used in black and white television phosphors and in blue and green phosphors for color television tubes and CRT monitors. Cadmium in glass and ceramic glazes creates a distinctive cadmium yellow. It forms a number of compounds, of which the sulfate is most common; the sulfide is used as a yellow pigment. Cadmium is similar to carbon in that it has a capacity to form stable covalently bonded molecular networks. Cadmium and its compounds are extremely toxic. Cadmium was first discovered by Fredrich Stromeyer in 1817.
Phosphorus is a Block P, Group 15, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Phosphorus's shells is 2, 8, 5 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p3. In its elemental form Phosphorus's CAS number is 7723-14-0. The Phosphorus atom has a radius of 110.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 180.pm. Although white phosphorus is very toxic, red phosphorus is not considered toxic. Phosphorus information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
