CERIUM INFORMATION CENTER

PROPERTIES, APPLICATIONS AND RESEARCH

Advanced Materials Information Center   |  Cerium Products

PROPERTIES OF CERIUM

APPLICATIONS OF CERIUM

Cerium is the most abundant of the rare earths.  It is characterized chemically by having two valence states , the  +3 cerous and +4 ceric states.  The ceric state is the only non-trivalent rare earth ion stable in aqueous solutions. It is, therefore, strongly acidic and moderately toxic. It is also a strong oxidizer.The cerous state closely resembles the other trivalent rare earths.  Cerium salts that have been characterized include carbonates, nitrates, Chlorides, fluorides, carbonates and sulfides.

The numerous commercial applications for cerium include metallurgy, glass and glass polishing, ceramics, catalysts, and in phosphors. 

In steel manufacturing it is used to remove free oxygen and sulfur by forming stable oxysulfides and by tying up undesirable trace elements, such as lead and antimony.

It is considered to be the most efficient glass polishing agent for precision optical polishing. It is also used to decolor glass by keeping iron in its ferrous state. The ability of cerium-doped glass to block out ultra violet light is utilized in the manufacturing of medical glassware and aerospace windows.  It is also used to prevent polymers from darkening in sunlight and to suppress discoloration of television glass.  It is applied to optical components to improve performance.

Cerium is also used in a variety of ceramics, including dental compositions and as a phase stabilizer in zirconia-based products.

Ceria plays several catalytic roles. In catalytic converters it acts as a stabilizer for the high surface area alumina, as a promoter of the water-gas shift reaction, as an oxygen storage component and as an enhancer of the NOX reduction capability of Rhodium.  Cerium is added to the dominant catalyst for the production of styrene from ethylbenezene to improve styrene formation.  It is used in FCC catalysts containing zeolites to provide both catalytic reactivity in the reactor and   thermal stability in the regenerator .

The role of cerium in phosphors is not as the emitting atom, but as a "sensitizer." 

RECENT CERIUM RESEARCH

1.  Masui T, Peng YM, Machida K, et al.

     Reduction behavior of Ce02-ZrO2 solid solution prepared from cerium zirconyl               oxalate

     CHEM MATER 10: (12) 4005-4009 DEC 1998

2.  Mondal SK, Kar D, Das M, et al.

    A comparative kinetic study of iridium(III) catalysis in cerium(IV) oxidation of dioxane in aqueous sulfuric acid and perchloric acid media

   TRANSIT METAL CHEM 23: (5) 593-597 OCT 1998

3.  Dixon PR, Argent BB, Chart TG

     The alloy systems zirconium-cerium and zirconium-lead

     CALPHAD 22: (3) 397-416 SEP 1998

4.  Mustafa AH, Shepherd MK

     Synthesis of extended alpha, alpha 'oligo (silylthiophenes) by cerium(IV) oxidative c       coupling reactions

    CHEM COMMUN (24) 2743-2744 DEC 21 1998

5.  Palmqvist AEC, Johansson EM, Jaras SG, et al.

     Total oxidation of methane over doped nanophase cerium oxides

     CATAL LETT 56: (1) 69-75 1998

6.  Mondal SK, Kar D, Das M, et al.

     Kinetics and mechanism of iridium(III) catalysed oxidation of butan-2-ol by cerium(IV) in aqueous sulphuric acid media

     INDIAN J CHEM A 37: (9) 765-768 SEP 1998

7.  Sugunan S, Varghese B

     Surface electron properties and catalytic activity of cerium-zirconium mixed oxides

     INDIAN J CHEM A 37: (9) 806-810 SEP 1998

8.  Mohanty RK, Das M, Das AK

     A case of competitive catalytic cycles in ruthenium(III) catalysed oxidation of       

    dimethyl sulphoxide by cerium (IV) in aqueous sulphuric acid media: A kinetic study