See safety data and research below. American Elements specializes in producing high purity quality Cerium Samarium Sputtering targets with the highest possible density and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes such as nanoparticles (See also application discussion at Nanotechnology Information and at Quantum Dots) and in the form of solutions and organometallics. We also produce Cerium Metal as disc, granules, ingot, pellets, pieces, powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request.
Cerium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Cerium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f2 6s2. In its elemental form cerium's CAS number is 7440-45-1. The cerium atom has a radius of 182.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 181.pm. Cerium is moderately toxic. Cerium is one of the products manufactured and distributed under the tradename AE Rare Earths. Cerium is the most abundant of the rare earths metals. It is characterized chemically by having two valence states , the +3 cerous and +4 ceric states. The ceric state is the only non-trivalent rare earth ion stable in aqueoussolutions.It is, therefore, strongly acidic and moderately toxic. It is also a strong oxidizer.The cerous state closely resembles the other trivalent rare earths. The numerous commercial applications for cerium include metallurgy, glass and glass polishing, ceramics, catalysts, as the electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cells when doped with yttrium, gadolinium or samarium and in phosphors. In steel manufacturing it is used to remove free oxygen and sulfur by forming stable oxysulfides and by tying up undesirable trace elements, such as lead and antimony. It is considered to be the most efficient glass polishing agent for precision optical polishing. It is also used to decolor glass by keeping iron in its ferrous state. The ability of cerium-doped glass to block out ultra violet light is utilized in the manufacturing of medical glassware and aerospace windows. It is also used to prevent polymers from darkening in sunlight and to suppress discoloration of television glass.
Cerium was first discovered by W. von Hisinger in 1903. The element was named after the asteroid Ceres. See Cerium research below.
Samarium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Samarium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f6 6s2. In its elemental form samarium's CAS number is 7440-19-9. The samarium atom has a radius of 180.4.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Samarium is somewhat toxic. Samarium is primarily utilized in the production of samarium-cobalt (Sm2Co17) permanent magnets. Samarium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It is also used in laser applications and for its dielectric properties. Samarium-cobalt magnets replaced the more expensive platinum-cobalt magnets in the early 1970s. While now overshadowed by the less expensive neodymium-iron-boron magnet, they are still valued for their ability to function at high temperatures. They are utilized in lightweight electronic equipment where size or space is a limiting factor and where functionality at high temperature is a concern. Applications include electronic watches, aeospace equipment, microwave technology and servomotors. Because of its weak spectral absorption band samarium is used in the filter glass on Nd:YAG solid state lasers to surround the laser rod to improve efficiency by absorbing stray emissions. Samarium was first discovered by Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1879. Samarium is named after the mineral samarskite. See Samarium research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Ionic liquid mediated routes to polydentate oxygen-donor adducts of cerium(iii) bromide.
Vasudevan KV, Smith NA, Scott BL, Bennett BL, Muenchausen RE, Gordon JC.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Dec 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22193947
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Selected Trace Elements in the Sacramento River, California: Occurrence and Distribution.
Taylor HE, Antweiler RC, Roth DA, Alpers CN, Dileanis P.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011 Dec 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22193863
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Electrooxidation of nitrite on a silica-cerium mixed oxide carbon paste electrode.
Silveira G, Morais AD, Villis PC, Maroneze CM, Gushikem Y, Lucho AM, Pissetti FL.
J Colloid Interface Sci. 2011 Dec 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22192596
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Ceria-engineered nanomaterial distribution in, and clearance from, blood: size matters.
Dan M, Wu P, Grulke EA, Graham UM, Unrine JM, Yokel RA.
Nanomedicine (Lond). 2012 Jan;7(1):95-110.
PMID:
22191779
[PubMed - in process]
Effect of Ce(3+) on soluble microbial products production in anaerobic granular sludge digestion.
Fu B, Liang R, Xia Q, Ding L, Xu K, Ren H.
Water Sci Technol. 2011;64(7):1459-65.
PMID:
22179643
[PubMed - in process]
[Removal of gaseous elemental mercury over cerium doped low vanadium loading V2O5-WO3/TiO2 in simulated coal-fired flue gas].
Wan Q, Duan L, He KB, Chen L, Li JH.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2011 Sep;32(9):2800-4. Chinese.
PMID:
22165254
[PubMed - in process]
Operando DRIFTS study of the redox and catalytic properties of CuO/Ce(1-x)Tb(x)O(2-d) (x = 0-0.5) catalysts: evidence of an induction step during CO oxidation.
Martínez-Arias A, Hungría AB, Fernández-García M, Iglesias-Juez A, Soria J, Conesa JC, Anderson JA, Munuera G.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Dec 8. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22159154
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Classical oxidant induced chemiluminescence of fluorescent carbon dots.
Lin Z, Xue W, Chen H, Lin JM.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Dec 8. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22158939
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Gamma-ray fast-timing coincidence measurements from the (18)O+(18)O fusion-evaporation reaction using a mixed LaBr(3)-HPGe array.
Alharbi T, Mason PJ, Regan PH, Podolyák Z, Marginean N, Nakhostin M, Bowry M, Bucurescu D, Cata-Danil G, Cata-Danil I, Deleanu D, Filipescu D, Glodariu T, Ghita D, Marginean R, Mihai C, Negret A, Pascu S, Sava T, Stroe L, Suliman G, Zamfir NV, Bruce AM, Rodriguez Triguero C, Bender PC, Garg U, Erduran MN, Kusoglu A, Bostan M, Detistov P, Alkhomashi N, Sinha AK, Chakrabarti R, Ghugre SS.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2011 Dec 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22154387
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Cationic Surface Reconstructions on Cerium Oxide Nanocrystals: An Aberration Corrected HRTEM Study.
Bhatta UM, Ross IM, Sayle TX, Sayle DC, Parker SC, Reid D, Seal S, Kumar A, Moebus G.
ACS Nano. 2011 Dec 13. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22148265
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
In-house SAD phasing with surface-bound cerium ions.
Vennila KN, Velmurugan D.
Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):1662-5. Epub 2011 Nov 25.
PMID:
22139192
[PubMed - in process]
High concentrations of cadmium, cerium and lanthanum in indoor air due to environmental tobacco smoke.
Böhlandt A, Schierl R, Diemer J, Koch C, Bolte G, Kiranoglu M, Fromme H, Nowak D.
Sci Total Environ. 2011 Dec 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22137652
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A cholesterol and actinide dependent shadow biosphere of archaea and viroids in autoimmune diseases.
Kurup R, Kurup PA.
Immunobiology. 2011 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22137029
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
On the interaction of Mg with the (111) and (110) surfaces of ceria.
Nolan M, Lykhach Y, Tsud N, Skála T, Staudt T, Prince KC, Matolín V, Libuda J.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Dec 14;14(3):1293-301. Epub 2011 Dec 1.
PMID:
22134463
[PubMed - in process]
Measurement of redox potential in nanoecotoxicological investigations.
Tantra R, Cackett A, Peck R, Gohil D, Snowden J.
J Toxicol. 2012;2012:270651. Epub 2011 Oct 31.
PMID:
22131988
[PubMed - in process]
In situ characterization of Pt catalysts supported on ceria modified TiO(2) for the WGS reaction: influence of ceria loading.
Barrio L, Zhou G, González ID, Estrella M, Hanson J, Rodriguez JA, Navarro RM, Fierro JL.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Dec 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22130010
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The oxidation state of Hadean magmas and implications for early Earth's atmosphere.
Trail D, Watson EB, Tailby ND.
Nature. 2011 Nov 30;480(7375):79-82. doi: 10.1038/nature10655.
PMID:
22129728
[PubMed - in process]
Preparation methods and thermal stability of Ba-Mn-Ce oxide catalyst for NO(x)-assisted soot oxidation.
Wu X, Lin F, Wang L, Weng D, Zhou Z.
J Environ Sci (China). 2011;23(7):1205-10.
PMID:
22125916
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
The oxidative degradation of dibenzoazepine derivatives by cerium(iv) complexes in acidic sulfate media.
Wisniewska J, Wrzeszcz G, Kurzawa M, van Eldik R.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Nov 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22124379
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effect of support size on the catalytic activity of metal-oxide-doped silica particles in the glycolysis of polyethylene terephthalate.
Wi R, Imran M, Lee KG, Yoon SH, Cho BG, Kim do H.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2011 Jul;11(7):6544-9.
PMID:
22121753
[PubMed - in process]
Catalytic hydrosilylation of olefins with organolanthanide complexes: A DFT study. Part II: Influence of the substitution on olefin and silane.
Barros N, Eisenstein O, Maron L.
Dalton Trans. 2010 Oct 8. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20936209 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Safety and feasibility of percutaneous vertebroplasty with radioactive (153)Sm PMMA in an animal model.
Lu J, Deng J, Zhao H, Shi M, Wang J, Zhao L.
Eur J Radiol. 2010 Oct 8. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20934823 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Chemical and biological evaluation of (153)Sm and (46/47)Sc complexes of indazolebisphosphonates for targeted radiotherapy.
Neves M, Teixeira FC, Antunes I, Majkowska A, Gano L, Santos AC.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2010 Sep 25. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20933431 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Adverse Events in the Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients Treated With Samarium Sm 153 Lexidronam for Osseous Metastases.
Paravati AJ, Russo AL, Aitken C.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010 Sep 30. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20888141 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
A Short Formal Total Synthesis of Strychnine with a Samarium Diiodide Induced Cascade Reaction as the Key Step.
Beemelmanns C, Reissig HU.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2010 Sep 16. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available. PMID: 20848626 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Computational insights into the nature of increased ionic conductivity in concentrated samarium-doped ceria: a genetic algorithm study.
Hooper J, Ismail A, Giorgi JB, Woo TK.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2010 Oct 28;12(40):12969-72. Epub 2010 Sep 8.PMID: 20830388 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Therapeutic nuclear medicine in pediatric malignancy.
Schmidt M, Baum RP, Simon T, Howman-Giles R.
Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010 Aug;54(4):411-28.PMID: 20823809 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Crystal structure of a metal ion-bound oxoiron(IV) complex and implications for biological electron transfer.
Fukuzumi S, Morimoto Y, Kotani H, Naumov P, Lee YM, Nam W.
Nat Chem. 2010 Sep;2(9):756-9. Epub 2010 Jul 11.PMID: 20729896 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Molecules containing rare-earth atoms solely bonded by transition metals.
Butovskii MV, Döring C, Bezugly V, Wagner FR, Grin Y, Kempe R.
Nat Chem. 2010 Sep;2(9):741-4. Epub 2010 Jun 27.PMID: 20729893 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Dynamic ligand exchange in reactions of samarium diiodide.
Sadasivam DV, Teprovich JA Jr, Procter DJ, Flowers RA 2nd.
Org Lett. 2010 Sep 17;12(18):4140-3.PMID: 20722385 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Tandem dosing of samarium-153 ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphoric acid with stem cell support for patients with high-risk osteosarcoma.
Loeb DM, Hobbs RF, Okoli A, Chen AR, Cho S, Srinivasan S, Sgouros G, Shokek O, Wharam MD Jr, Scott T, Schwartz CL.
Cancer. 2010 Aug 16. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20715156 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Gamma spectrometry and chemical characterization of ceramic seeds with samarium-153 and holmium-166 for brachytherapy proposal.
Valente ES, Campos TP.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2010 Dec;68(12):2157-62. Epub 2010 Jul 27.PMID: 20685128 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Stereospecific and highly stereoselective cyclopropanation reactions promoted by samarium.
Concellón JM, Rodríguez-Solla H, Concellón C, Del Amo V.
Chem Soc Rev. 2010 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20683534 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Grafting of peralkylated Ln(II)Al(III) heterobimetallic complexes onto periodic mesoporous silica KIT-6.
Le Roux E, Michel O, Sommerfeldt HM, Liang Y, Maichle-Mössmer C, Törnroos KW, Anwander R.
Dalton Trans. 2010 Sep 28;39(36):8552-9. Epub 2010 Aug 4.PMID: 20683527 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Synthesis of 2-(9,10-dihydro-9,10-propanoanthracen-9-yl)-N-methylethanaminevia a [4+2] cycloaddition.
Karama U, Al-Saidey A, Al-Othman Z, Almansour AR.
Molecules. 2010 Jun 9;15(6):4201-6.PMID: 20657434 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
[99mTc]-1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane tetramethylenephosphonic acid.
Datta A, Panwar P, Chuttani K, Mishra AK, Chopra A.
Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2010.
2009 Mar 31 [updated 2009 Jun 9].PMID: 20641623 [PubMed]Books & DocumentsFree textRelated citations
Non-classical divalent lanthanide complexes.
Nief F.
Dalton Trans. 2010 Aug 7;39(29):6589-98. Epub 2010 Mar 25.PMID: 20631944 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Synthesis and characterization of thermally stable Sm,N co-doped TiO2 with highly visible light activity.
Ma Y, Zhang J, Tian B, Chen F, Wang L.
J Hazard Mater. 2010 Oct 15;182(1-3):386-93. Epub 2010 Jun 18.PMID: 20619539 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Steric control of the reduction of carbodiimides by samarium(II) and the synthesis of very crowded samarium(III) complexes.
Cole ML, Deacon GB, Forsyth CM, Junk PC, Polo Cerón D, Wang J.
Dalton Trans. 2010 Aug 7;39(29):6732-8.PMID: 20614084 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Studies on the biodistribution of dextrin nanoparticles.
Gonçalves C, Ferreira MF, Santos AC, Prata MI, Geraldes CF, Martins JA, Gama FM.
Nanotechnology. 2010 Jul 23;21(29):295103. Epub 2010 Jul 5.PMID: 20601764 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Material Safety Data Sheet
1 Identification of substance
Product details
Trade name Cerium
2 Composition/Data on components:
Chemical characterization: Designation: (CAS#)
cerium (CAS# 7440-45-1); 100%
Identification number(s):
EINECS Number: 231-154-9
3 Hazards identification
Hazard designation: F Highly flammable
Information pertaining to particular dangers for man and environment
R 11 Highly flammable.
R 15 Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases.
4 First aid measures
After inhalation
Supply fresh air. If required, provide artificial respiration. Keep patient warm. Consult doctor if symptoms persist.
Seek immediate medical advice.
After skin contact
Instantly wash with water and soap and rinse thoroughly.
Seek immediate medical advice.
After eye contact
Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. Then consult doctor.
After swallowing Seek immediate medical advice.
5 Fire fighting measures
Suitable extinguishing agents
Special powder for metal fires. Do not use water.
For safety reasons unsuitable extinguishing agents
Water.
Carbon dioxide
Protective equipment:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
Wear full protective suit.
Measures for environmental protection:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
Measures for cleaning/collecting:
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Do not flush with water or aqueous cleansing agents
Keep away from ignition sources.
Additional information:
See Section 7 for information on safe handling
See section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.
See Section 13 for information on disposal.
7 Handling and storage
Handling
Information for safe handling:
Keep containers tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry place in tightly closed containers.
Ensure good ventilation/exhaustion at the workplace.
Information about protection against explosions and fires:
Keep ignition sources away - Do not smoke.
Protect against electrostatic charges.
Storage
Requirements to be met by storerooms and containers:
Store in cool location.
Information about storage in one common storage facility:
Do not store together with oxidizing and acidic materials.
Store away from water.
Store away from air.
Further information about storage conditions:
Keep container tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers.
8 Exposure controls and personal protection
Additional information about design of technical systems:
Properly operating chemical fume hood designed for hazardous chemicals and having an average face velocity of at least 100 feet per minute.
Components with critical values that require monitoring at the workplace:
Not required.
Additional information: No data
Personal protective equipment
General protective and hygienic measures
The usual precautionary measures should be adhered to in handling the chemicals.
Keep away from foodstuffs, beverages and food.
Instantly remove any soiled and impregnated garments.
Wash hands during breaks and at the end of the work.
Breathing equipment: Use breathing protection with high concentrations.
Protection of hands: Impervious gloves
Eye protection:
Safety glasses
Full face protection
Face protection
Body protection: Protective work clothing.
9 Physical and chemical properties:
General Information
Form: Solid.
Colour: Grey
Smell: Odourless
Value/Range Unit Method
Change in condition
Melting point/Melting range: 795 ° C
Boiling point/Boiling range: 3468 ° C
Sublimation temperature / start: Not determined
Flash point: Not applicable
Inflammability (solid, gaseous) Highly flammable.
Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases.
Ignition temperature: Not determined
Decomposition temperature: Not determined
Critical values for explosion:
Lower: Not determined
Upper: Not determined
Steam pressure: Not determined
Density at 20 ° C 6.67 g/cm³
Solubility in / Miscibility with
Water: Not determined
10 Stability and reactivity
Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided:
No decomposition if used and stored according to specifications.
Materials to be avoided:
Water/moisture
Acids
Oxidizing agents
Oxygen
Dangerous reactions:
Contact with water releases flammable gases
Reacts with moist air
Contact with acids releases flammable gases
Reacts with oxidizing agents
Dangerous products of decomposition: Metal oxide
11 Toxicological information
Acute toxicity:
Primary irritant effect:
on the skin: Irritant for skin and mucous membranes.
on the eye: Irritant effect.
Sensitization: No sensitizing effect known.
Additional toxicological information:
To the best of our knowledge the acute and chronic toxicity of this substance is not fully known.
No classification data on carcinogenic properties of this material is available from the EPA, IARC, NTP, OSHA or ACGIH.
12 Ecological information:
General notes:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
Water hazard class 1 (Self-assessment): slightly hazardous for water.
Do not allow undiluted product or large quantities of it to reach ground water, water bodies or sewage system.
13 Disposal considerations
Product:
Recommendation
Consult state, local or national regulations for proper disposal.
Hand over to disposers of hazardous waste.
Must be specially treated under adherence to official regulations.
Uncleaned packagings:
Recommendation:
Disposal must be made according to official regulations.
14 Transport information
Land transport ADR/RID and GGVS/GGVE (cross-border/domestic)
ADR/RID-GGVS/E Class: 4.1 (F3) Flammable solids.
Kemler Number: 40
UN-Number: 1333
Packaging group: II
Label 4.1
Designation of goods: 1333 CERIUM
Maritime transport IMDG/GGVSea:
IMDG/GGVSea Class: 4.1
UN Number: 1333
Label 4.1
Packaging group: II
Correct technical name: CERIUM
Air transport ICAO-TI and IATA-DGR:
ICAO/IATA Class: 4.1
UN/ID Number: 1333
Label 4.1
Packaging group: II
Correct technical name: CERIUM
15 Regulatory information
Designation according to EC guidelines:
Code letter and hazard designation of product: F Highly flammable
Risk phrases:
11 Highly flammable.
15 Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases.
Safety phrases:
7/8 Keep container tightly closed and dry.
43 In case of fire, use metallic extinguishing powder. Never use water.
National regulations
Information about limitation of use:
For use only by technically qualified individuals.
Employment restrictions concerning young persons must be observed.
Water hazard class:
Water hazard class 1 (Self-assessment): slightly hazardous for water.
16 Other information:
Employers should use this information only as a supplement to other information gathered by them, and should make independent judgement of suitability of this information to ensure proper use and protect the health and safety of employees. This information is furnished without warranty, and any use of the product not in conformance with this Material Safety Data Sheet, or in combination with any other product or process, is the responsibility of the user.
Proud sponsors of Aeromat 2012. Please join us and our customers & co-sponsors Boeing and ATI on
June 18-20, 2012
in Charlotte, North Carolina
and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes such as nanoparticles (See also application discussion at Nanotechnology Information and at Quantum Dots) and in the form of solutions and organometallics. We also produce Cerium Metal as disc, granules, ingot, pellets, pieces, powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request.
Cerium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Cerium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f2 6s2. In its elemental form cerium's CAS number is 7440-45-1. The cerium atom has a radius of 182.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 181.pm. Cerium is moderately toxic. Cerium is one of the products manufactured and distributed under the tradename AE Rare Earths. Cerium is the most abundant of the rare earths metals. It is characterized chemically by having two valence states , the +3 cerous and +4 ceric states. The ceric state is the only non-trivalent rare earth ion stable in aqueous
solutions.It is, therefore,
strongly acidic and moderately toxic. It is also a strong oxidizer.The cerous state closely resembles the other trivalent rare earths. The numerous commercial applications for cerium include metallurgy, glass and glass polishing, ceramics, catalysts, as the electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cells when doped with yttrium, gadolinium or samarium and in phosphors. In steel manufacturing it is used to remove free oxygen and sulfur by forming stable oxysulfides and by tying up undesirable trace elements, such as lead and antimony. It is considered to be the most efficient glass polishing agent for precision optical polishing. It is also used to decolor glass by keeping iron in its ferrous state. The ability of cerium-doped glass to block out ultra violet light is utilized in the manufacturing of medical glassware and aerospace windows. It is also used to prevent polymers from darkening in sunlight and to suppress discoloration of television glass.
Cerium was first discovered by W. von Hisinger in 1903. The element was named after the asteroid Ceres. See Cerium research below.
Samarium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Samarium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f6 6s2. In its elemental form samarium's CAS number is 7440-19-9. The samarium atom has a radius of 180.4.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Samarium is somewhat toxic. Samarium is primarily utilized in the production of samarium-cobalt (Sm2Co17) permanent magnets. Samarium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds
as 
submicron and nanopowder. It is also used in laser applications and for its dielectric properties. Samarium-cobalt magnets replaced the more expensive platinum-cobalt magnets in the early 1970s. While now overshadowed by the less expensive neodymium-iron-boron magnet, they are still valued for their ability to function at high temperatures. They are utilized in lightweight electronic equipment where size or space is a limiting factor and where functionality at high temperature is a concern. Applications include electronic watches, aeospace equipment, microwave technology and servomotors. Because of its weak spectral absorption band samarium is used in the filter glass on Nd:YAG solid state lasers to surround the laser rod to improve efficiency by absorbing stray emissions. Samarium was first discovered by Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1879. Samarium is named after the mineral samarskite. See Samarium research below.
