Chromium doped Silicon Oxide is available in granule, powder and tablet form with an average particle size range of 1 - 3mm. Oxide compounds are not conductive to electricity. However, certain perovskite structured oxides are electronically conductive finding application in the cathode of solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen generation systems. They are compounds containing at least one oxygen anion and one metallic cation. They are typically insoluble in aqueous solutions (water) and extremely stable making them useful in ceramic structures as simple as producing clay bowls to advanced electronics and in light weight structural components in aerospace and electrochemical applications such as fuel cells in which they exhibit ionic conductivity. Metal oxide compounds are basic anhydrides and can therefore react with acids and with strong reducing agents in redox reactions. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available.
. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopeia/British Pharmacopeia) and followsapplicable ASTM testing standards.
Chromium is a Block D, Group 6, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Chromium's shells is 2, 8, 13, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d5 4s1. In its elemental form chromium's CAS number is 7440-47-3. The chromium atom has a radius of 124.9.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Hexavalent chromium is toxic. Chromium is highly resistant to corrosion. This has led to its use in numerous alloying and steel producing applications. When chromium is added to glass or ceramic glazes, it produces a brilliant green. Chromium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It is also used as a paint pigment for this purpose.Although chromium metal is an essential trace element, hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is especially toxic and carcinogenic. Recently, chromites have formed the basis for cathode compositions for oxygen generation and fuel cell applications. Chromium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed here. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included. Chromium was first discovered by Anders Ekeberg in 1802. Due to its various colorful compounds, Chromium was named after the Greek word 'chroma' meaning color. See Chromium research below.
Silicon is a Block P, Group 14, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Silicon's shells is 2, 8, 4 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p2. In its elemental form silicon's CAS number is 7440-21-3. The silicon atom has a radius of 117.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 210.pm. Silicon is not toxic but can cause chronic respiratory problems if inhaled as a fine silica or silicate dust. Asbestos silicates are carcinogenic. Silicon is one of man's most useful elements. It makes up 25.7% of the earth's crust, by weight, and is the second most abundant element, being exceeded only by oxygen. The Czochralski process is commonly used to produce single crystals of silicon used for solid-state or semiconductor devices. Silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass, one of the most inexpensive of materials with excellent mechanical, optical, thermal, and electrical properties. Silicon is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Ultra high purity silicon can be doped with boron, gallium, phosphorus , or arsenic to produce silicon for use in transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and other solid-state devices which are used extensively in the electronics and space-age industries. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon has shown promise in producing economical cells for converting solar energy into electricity. Silcones are important products of silicon. They range from liquids to hard, glasslike solids with many useful properties. Silicon was first discovered by Jons Berzelius in 1823. The name Silicon originates from the Latin word "silex" which means flint or hard stone. See Silicon research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
trans-Tetra-carbonyl-bis-[tris-(3-fluoro-phen-yl)phosphane]chromium(0).
Norlidah MN, Yazid MY, Shawkataly OB, Rosli MM, Fun HK.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1652-m1653. Epub 2011 Nov 2.
PMID:
22199480
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Preparation and characterization of La(III) encapsulated silica gel/chitosan composite and its metal uptake studies.
Gandhi MR, Meenakshi S.
J Hazard Mater. 2011 Nov 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22197561
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Electro-migration of heavy metals in an aged electroplating contaminated soil affected by the coexisting hexavalent chromium.
Zhang W, Zhuang L, Tong L, Lo IM, Qiu R.
Chemosphere. 2011 Dec 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22197017
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Angular momentum conservation in dipolar energy transfer.
Guo D, Knight TE, McCusker JK.
Science. 2011 Dec 23;334(6063):1684-7.
PMID:
22194572
[PubMed - in process]
Selected Trace Elements in the Sacramento River, California: Occurrence and Distribution.
Taylor HE, Antweiler RC, Roth DA, Alpers CN, Dileanis P.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011 Dec 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22193863
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Chromium and genomic stability.
Wise SS, Wise JP Sr.
Mutat Res. 2011 Dec 13. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22192535
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A Theoretical Evaluation of Ethylene Insertion into Chromium Alkyl Bonds of Cp-Donor based Olefin Polymerization Catalysts.
Xu R, Klatt G, Enders M, Koeppel H.
J Phys Chem A. 2011 Dec 22. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22191673
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by modified corn stalk: A fixed-bed column study.
Chen S, Yue Q, Gao B, Li Q, Xu X, Fu K.
Bioresour Technol. 2011 Dec 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22189077
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Occurrence of Multidrug-Resistant and Toxic-Metal Tolerant Enterococci in Fresh Feces from Urban Pigeons in Brazil.
da Silva VL, Caçador NC, da Silva CD, Fontes CO, Garcia GD, Nicoli JR, Diniz CG.
Microbes Environ. 2011 Dec 22. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22188908
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Revision of a tibial baseplate using a customized oxinium component in a case of suspected metal allergy. A case report.
Van Opstal N, Verheyden F.
Acta Orthop Belg. 2011 Oct;77(5):691-5.
PMID:
22187849
[PubMed - in process]
Retention Strength of Cobalt-Chromium vs Nickel-Chromium Titanium vs CP Titanium in a Cast Framework Association of Removable Partial Overdenture.
Souza JE, Silva NR, Coelho PG, Zavanelli AC, Ferracioli RC, Zavanelli RA.
J Contemp Dent Pract. 2011 May 1;12(3):179-86.
PMID:
22186813
[PubMed - in process]
Metal analysis, phytotoxic, insecticidal and cytotoxic activities of selected medicinal plants of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Khuda F, Iqbal Z, Zakiullah -, Khan A, Nasir F, Muhammad N, Khan JA, Khan MS.
Pak J Pharm Sci. 2012 Jan;25(1):51-58.
PMID:
22186309
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Correlation between metal allergy and treatment outcomes after ankle fracture fixation.
So S, Harris IA, Naylor JM, Adie S, Mittal R.
J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2011 Dec;19(3):309-13.
PMID:
22184160
[PubMed - in process]
Enhancement of the acute phase response to a lipopolysaccharide challenge in steers supplemented with chromium.
Burdick NC, Bernhard BC, Carroll JA, Rathmann RJ, Johnson BJ.
Innate Immun. 2011 Dec 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22180563
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Identification and hexavalent chromium reduction characteristics of Pannonibacter phragmitetus.
Shi Y, Chai L, Yang Z, Jing Q, Chen R, Chen Y.
Bioprocess Biosyst Eng. 2011 Dec 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22179413
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Exposure to particulate hexavalent chromium exacerbates allergic asthma pathology.
Schneider BC, Constant SL, Patierno SR, Jurjus RA, Ceryak SM.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2011 Dec 9. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22178736
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Circulating levels of metals are related to carotid atherosclerosis in elderly.
Lind PM, Olsén L, Lind L.
Sci Total Environ. 2011 Dec 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22178028
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Highly active nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI)-Fe(3)O(4) nanocomposites for the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions.
Lv X, Xu J, Jiang G, Tang J, Xu X.
J Colloid Interface Sci. 2011 Dec 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22177747
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Airborne concentrations of metals and total dust during solid catalyst loading and unloading operations at a petroleum refinery.
Lewis RC, Gaffney SH, Le MH, Unice KM, Paustenbach DJ.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2011 Dec 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22177528
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Simultaneous Synthesis of Both Rings of Chromenes via a Benzannulation/o-Quinone Methide Formation/Electrocyclization Cascade.
Majumdar N, Korthals KA, Wulff WD.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Dec 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22176537
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Desymmetrization of 7-dimethylphenylsilylcycloheptatriene. Towards the synthesis of new aminocycloheptitols.
Girard E, Desvergnes V, Tarnus C, Landais Y.
Org Biomol Chem. 2010 Oct 13. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20941452 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Enzyme-functionalized polymer brush films on the inner wall of silicon-glass microreactors with tunable biocatalytic activity.
Costantini F, Benetti EM, Reinhoudt DN, Huskens J, Vancso GJ, Verboom W.
Lab Chip. 2010 Oct 13. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20941436 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Wavelength-tunable excited-state absorption and optical limiting effects in the Q band region based on silicon phthalocyanine oligomers.
Ishii K, Sakai N.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2010 Oct 13. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20941425 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Role of near-field enhancement in plasmonic laser nanoablation using gold nanorods on a silicon substrate.
Harrison RK, Ben-Yakar A.
Opt Express. 2010 Oct 11;18(21):22556-71. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.022556.PMID: 20941153 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Ultrafast all-optical modulator with femtojoule absorbed switching energy in silicon-on-insulator.
Schönenberger S, Stöferle T, Moll N, Mahrt RF, Dahlem MS, Wahlbrink T, Bolten J, Mollenhauer T, Kurz H, Offrein BJ.
Opt Express. 2010 Oct 11;18(21):22485-96. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.022485.PMID: 20941147 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
The observation of super-long range surface plasmon polaritons modes and its application as sensory devices.
Zhang XL, Song JF, Lo GQ, Kwong DL.
Opt Express. 2010 Oct 11;18(21):22462-70. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.022462.PMID: 20941145 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Silicon photonic temperature sensor?employing a ring resonator manufactured?using a standard CMOS process.
Kim GD, Lee HS, Park CH, Lee SS, Lim BT, Bae HK, Lee WG.
Opt Express. 2010 Oct 11;18(21):22215-21. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.022215.PMID: 20941123 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Highly efficient nonlinearity reduction in silicon-on-insulator waveguides using vertical slots.
Yue Y, Zhang L, Wang J, Beausoleil RG, Willner AE.
Opt Express. 2010 Oct 11;18(21):22061-6. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.022061.PMID: 20941107 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Quantitative evaluation of boron-induced disorder in multilayers containing silicon nanocrystals in an oxide matrix designed for photovoltaic applications.
Zatryb G, Podhorodecki A, Hao XJ, Misiewicz J, Shen YS, Green MA.
Opt Express. 2010 Oct 11;18(21):22004-9. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.022004.PMID: 20941101 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Discrete parametric band conversion in silicon for mid-infrared applications.
Tien EK, Huang Y, Gao S, Song Q, Qian F, Kalyoncu SK, Boyraz O.
Opt Express. 2010 Oct 11;18(21):21981-9. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.021981.PMID: 20941099 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Split of surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles on silicon substrate: a study of dielectric functions.
Zhu S, Chen TP, Cen ZH, Goh ES, Yu SF, Liu YC, Liu Y.
Opt Express. 2010 Oct 11;18(21):21926-31. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.021926.PMID: 20941092 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Solution-processed photodetectors from colloidal silicon nano/micro particle composite.
Tu CC, Tang L, Huang J, Voutsas A, Lin LY.
Opt Express. 2010 Oct 11;18(21):21622-7. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.021622.PMID: 20941060 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
FDTD modeling of anisotropic nonlinear optical phenomena in silicon waveguides.
Dissanayake CM, Premaratne M, Rukhlenko ID, Agrawal GP.
Opt Express. 2010 Sep 27;18(20):21427-48. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.021427.PMID: 20941040 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Multi-channel WDM RZ-to-NRZ format conversion at 50 Gbit/s based on single silicon microring resonator.
Ding Y, Peucheret C, Pu M, Zsigri B, Seoane J, Liu L, Xu J, Ou H, Zhang X, Huang D.
Opt Express. 2010 Sep 27;18(20):21121-30. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.021121.PMID: 20941008 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Tunable photonic crystal based on?capillary attraction and repulsion.
Chan CT, Yeh JA.
Opt Express. 2010 Sep 27;18(20):20894-9. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.020894.PMID: 20940984 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Tailoring the dispersion behavior of silicon nanophotonic slot waveguides.
Mas S, Caraquitena J, Galán JV, Sanchis P, Martí J.
Opt Express. 2010 Sep 27;18(20):20839-44. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.020839.PMID: 20940978 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
High performance nanophotonic circuits based on partially buried horizontal slot waveguides.
Xiong C, Pernice WH, Li M, Tang HX.
Opt Express. 2010 Sep 27;18(20):20690-8. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.020690.PMID: 20940965 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Label-free optical biosensing using a horizontal air-slot SiN(x) microdisk resonator.
Lee S, Eom SC, Chang JS, Huh C, Sung GY, Shin JH.
Opt Express. 2010 Sep 27;18(20):20638-44. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.020638.PMID: 20940958 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Flattened dispersion in silicon slot waveguides.
Zhang L, Yue Y, Beausoleil RG, Willner AE.
Opt Express. 2010 Sep 13;18(19):20529-34. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.020529.PMID: 20940946 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Recent Research & Development for Oxides
Arsenic in
drinking water wells on the Bolivian high plain: Field monitoring and effect of
salinity on removal efficiency of iron-oxides-containing filters. Van Den Bergh K, Du Laing G, Montoya JC, De Deckere E, Tack FM. J Environ Sci
Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2010 Nov;45(13):1741-9. PubMed PMID:
20924919.
Nanoparticles as contrast
agents for in-vivo bioimaging: current status and future perspectives. Hahn MA, Singh AK, Sharma P, Brown SC, Moudgil BM. Anal
Bioanal Chem. 2010 Oct 6. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20924568.
Magnetic and contrast properties of labeled
platelets for magnetomotive optical coherence tomography. Oldenburg AL, Gallippi CM, Tsui F, Nichols TC, Beicker KN, Chhetri RK, Spivak
D, Richardson A, Fischer TH. Biophys J. 2010 Oct
6;99(7):2374-83. PubMed PMID: 20923673.
Nanosheets of Oxides and Hydroxides: Ultimate 2D
Charge-Bearing Functional Crystallites. Ma R, Sasaki T. Adv Mater. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of
print] PubMed PMID: 20925100.
Determination of Intermediates
and Mechanism for Soot Combustion with NO(x)/O(2) on Potassium-Supported Mg-Al
Hydrotalcite Mixed Oxides by In Situ FTIR. Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Su Q, Wang Z, Li Q, Gao X. Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub
ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20923141.
Blue light induced A2E oxidation in rat eyes - experimental animal model of dry
AMD. Wielgus AR, Collier RJ, Martin E, Lih FB, Tomer KB, Chignell CF, Roberts JE. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID:
20922251.
Secondary Organic Aerosol from Photooxidation of
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Shakya KM, Griffin RJ. Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Oct 4. [Epub ahead of
print] PubMed PMID: 20919733.
Study of the integrated growth of dielectric films on GaN
semiconductor substrates. Li Y, Zhu J, Luo W. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2010
Oct;57(10):2192-7. PubMed PMID: 20889404.
Reduced pressure pain thresholds in
response to exercise in chronic fatigue syndrome but not in chronic low back
pain: an experimental study. Meeus M, Roussel NA, Truijen S, Nijs J. J Rehabil Med. 2010 Oct;42(9):884-90. PubMed PMID:
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Distribution of (210)Pb and (210)Po in
boreal forest soil. Vaaramaa K, Aro L, Solatie D, Lehto J. Sci Total Environ. 2010 Sep 30. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
PMID: 20888619.
The Effect of a
Strong Stellar Flare on the Atmospheric Chemistry of an Earth-like Planet
Orbiting an M Dwarf. Segura AX, Walkowicz LM, Meadows V, Kasting J, Hawley S. Astrobiology. 2010 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
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Inorganic Nitrate and Nitrite and Control
of Blood Pressure. Gilchrist M, Shore AC, Benjamin N. Cardiovasc Res. 2010 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed
PMID: 20884639.
Determination of
acid-base dissociation constants of very weak zwitterionic heterocyclic bases by
capillary zone electrophoresis. Ehala S, Grishina AA, Sheshenev AE, Lyapkalo IM, Kasicka V. J Chromatogr A. 2010 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of
print] PubMed PMID: 20887995.
Micropatterned TiO(2) nanotube surfaces for
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The Diesel Exhaust in Miners Study: III. Interrelations
between Respirable Elemental Carbon and Gaseous and Particulate Components of
Diesel Exhaust derived from Area Sampling in Underground Non-metal Mining
Facilities. Vermeulen R, Coble JB, Yereb D, Lubin JH, Blair A, Portengen L, Stewart PA,
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Surface oxide net charge of a titanium
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Mitigation of arsenic-mediated renal oxidative stress in rat by Pleurotus florida
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Volatile fraction of lavender and bitter fennel
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Coating of tips for electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy
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Manganese and trace-metal
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Chromium doped Silicon Oxide is available in granule, powder and tablet form with an average particle size range of 1 - 3mm. Oxide compounds are not conductive to electricity. However, certain perovskite structured oxides are electronically conductive finding application in the cathode of solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen generation systems. They are compounds containing at least one oxygen anion and one metallic cation. They are typically insoluble in aqueous solutions (water) and extremely stable making them useful in ceramic structures as simple as producing clay bowls to advanced electronics and in light weight structural components in aerospace and electrochemical applications such as fuel cells in which they exhibit ionic conductivity. Metal oxide compounds are basic anhydrides and can therefore react with acids and with strong reducing agents in redox reactions. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available.
. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopeia/British Pharmacopeia) and followsapplicable ASTM testing standards.
Chromium is a Block D, Group 6, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Chromium's shells is 2, 8, 13, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d5 4s1. In its elemental form chromium's CAS number is 7440-47-3. The chromium atom has a radius of 124.9.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Hexavalent chromium is toxic. Chromium is highly resistant to corrosion. This has led to its use in numerous alloying and steel producing applications. When chromium is added to glass or ceramic glazes, it produces a brilliant green. Chromium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It is also used as a paint pigment for this purpose.Although chromium metal is an essential trace element, hexavalent 
chromium (Cr(VI)) is especially toxic and carcinogenic. Recently, chromites have formed the basis for cathode compositions 
for oxygen generation and fuel cell applications. Chromium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed here. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included. Chromium was first discovered by Anders Ekeberg in 1802. Due to its various colorful compounds, Chromium was named after the Greek word 'chroma' meaning color. See Chromium research below.
Silicon is a Block P, Group 14, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Silicon's shells is 2, 8, 4 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p2. In its elemental form silicon's CAS number is 7440-21-3. The silicon atom has a radius of 117.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 210.pm. Silicon is not toxic but can cause chronic respiratory problems if inhaled as a fine silica or silicate dust. Asbestos silicates are carcinogenic. Silicon is
one of man's most useful elements. It makes up 25.7% of the earth's crust, by weight, and is the second most abundant element, being exceeded only by oxygen. The Czochralski process is commonly used to produce single crystals of silicon used for solid-state or semiconductor devices. Silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass, one of the most inexpensive of materials with excellent mechanical, optical, thermal, and electrical properties. Silicon is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Ultra high purity silicon can be doped with boron, gallium, phosphorus , or arsenic to produce silicon for use in 
transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and other solid-state devices which are used extensively in the electronics and space-age industries. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon has shown promise in producing economical cells for converting solar energy into electricity. Silcones are important products of silicon. They range from liquids to hard, glasslike solids with many useful properties. Silicon was first discovered by Jons Berzelius in 1823. The name Silicon originates from the Latin word "silex" which means flint or hard stone. See Silicon research below.
