| Carbon Disulfide Solution is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement. Carbon is a Block P, Group 12, Period 2 element. The number of electrons in each of Carbon's shells is 2, 4 and its electronic configuration is [He] 2s2 2p2. In its elemental form carbon's CAS number is 7440-44-0. Carbon in its purest form has very low toxicity. Carbon black dust, such as soot or coal dust can cause irritation and damage to the lungs when inhaled in large quantities. Carbon In its elemental form is one of the softest (graphite) and hardest (diamond) materials found in nature. Applications for graphitic carbon include in lubricant formulations and as the replacement for lead in pencils. Diamond and diamond micropowder have numerous industrial applications due to its extreme hardness and resistance to heat and pressure, including in geological drilling bits, grinding media and as a high strength, high temperature abrasive.Graphene is a nanoscale ultra thin film or foil with thicknesses as small as 1 nanometer which can be produced from either silicon carbide or graphite flake processing. These include in drill bits and grinding media and grinding equipment. Carbon also finds application in steel alloys, in various filtering and purification technologies and as a neutron moderator in nuclear power plants. Carbon is available as a nanoparticle and in single-walled, double-walled and multi-walled nanotubes with purities from 99% to 99.999% ( ultra-high purity ). Carbon was first discovered by Hans Christian Oersted in 1825. The name carbon originates from the Latin word 'carbo' meaning charcoal. See Carbon research below.
Sulfur is a Block P, Group 16, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Sulfur's shells is 2, 8, 6 and its electronic configuration is [Ne]3s2 3p4. In its elemental form sulfur's CAS number is 7704-34-9. The sulfur atom has a radius of 100pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 180pm. Sulfur is a crucial element for all life and serves as both fuels and respiratory (oxygen-replacing) materials for simple organisms. In nature, sulfur can be found in hot springs, meteorites, volcanoes, and as galena, gypsum, Epsom salts, and barite. Sulfur, when organically bonded, is a component of all proteins, as the amino acids methionine and cysteine. In organic form, Sulfur is present in the vitamins thiamine and biotin. Sulfur is also a vital part of many enzymes and also in antioxidant molecules like glutathione and thioredoxin.Sulfur is available as compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity). Sulfur has been known since ancient times but was not accepted as an element until 1777. Antoine Lavoisier helped to convince the scientific commuity that sulfus is an element and not a compound. See Sulfur research below.
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Recent Research & Development for Carbon
- Catalytic Asymmetric [4 + 2] Additions with Aliphatic Nitroalkenes.
Bartelson KJ, Singh RP, Foxman BM, Deng L.
Chem Sci. 2011 Oct;2(10):1940-1944.
PMID:
22174973
[PubMed]
- Environmental forcing of nitrogen fixation in the eastern tropical and sub-tropical north atlantic ocean.
Rijkenberg MJ, Langlois RJ, Mills MM, Patey MD, Hill PG, Nielsdóttir MC, Compton TJ, Laroche J, Achterberg EP.
PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28989. Epub 2011 Dec 13.
PMID:
22174940
[PubMed - in process]
- Revealing the Functions of the Transketolase Enzyme Isoforms in Rhodopseudomonas palustris Using a Systems Biology Approach.
Hu CW, Chang YL, Chen SJ, Kuo-Huang LL, Liao JC, Huang HC, Juan HF.
PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28329. Epub 2011 Dec 8.
PMID:
22174789
[PubMed - in process]
- Prediction of Protein Modification Sites of Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid Using mRMR Feature Selection and Analysis.
Zheng LL, Niu S, Hao P, Feng K, Cai YD, Li Y.
PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28221. Epub 2011 Dec 9.
PMID:
22174779
[PubMed - in process]
- Plant Community Diversity Influences Allocation to Direct Chemical Defence in Plantago lanceolata.
Mraja A, Unsicker SB, Reichelt M, Gershenzon J, Roscher C.
PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28055. Epub 2011 Dec 9.
PMID:
22174766
[PubMed - in process]
- Structural Insights into the Inhibition of Cytosolic 5'-Nucleotidase II (cN-II) by Ribonucleoside 5'-Monophosphate Analogues.
Gallier F, Lallemand P, Meurillon M, Jordheim LP, Dumontet C, Périgaud C, Lionne C, Peyrottes S, Chaloin L.
PLoS Comput Biol. 2011 Dec;7(12):e1002295. Epub 2011 Dec 8.
PMID:
22174667
[PubMed - in process]
- Topological anisotropy of stone-wales waves in graphenic fragments.
Ori O, Cataldo F, Putz MV.
Int J Mol Sci. 2011;12(11):7934-49. Epub 2011 Nov 15.
PMID:
22174641
[PubMed - in process]
- Environmental signals and regulatory pathways that influence exopolysaccharide production in rhizobia.
Janczarek M.
Int J Mol Sci. 2011;12(11):7898-933. Epub 2011 Nov 15.
PMID:
22174640
[PubMed - in process]
- Fatty Acid Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Seed Oil Extracted by Optimized Supercritical Carbon Dioxide.
Wang Y, Sun D, Chen H, Qian L, Xu P.
Int J Mol Sci. 2011;12(11):7708-19. Epub 2011 Nov 8.
PMID:
22174626
[PubMed - in process]
- A sandwich electrochemical immunosensor using magnetic DNA nanoprobes for carcinoembryonic antigen.
Gan N, Jia L, Zheng L.
Int J Mol Sci. 2011;12(11):7410-23. Epub 2011 Oct 28.
PMID:
22174606
[PubMed - in process]
- Review of crystalline structures of some selected homologous series of rod-like molecules capable of forming liquid crystalline phases.
Zugenmaier P.
Int J Mol Sci. 2011;12(11):7360-400. Epub 2011 Oct 28.
PMID:
22174604
[PubMed - in process]
- The Southern Ocean's Role in Carbon Exchange During the Last Deglaciation.
Burke A, Robinson LF.
Science. 2011 Dec 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22174131
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Consequences of resource limitation for recovery from repeated defoliation in Eucalyptus globulus Labilladiere.
Barry KM, Quentin A, Eyles A, Pinkard EA.
Tree Physiol. 2011 Dec 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22174093
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Are Unsaturated Isocyanides so Different from the Corresponding Nitriles?
Chrostowska A, Matrane A, Maki D, Khayar S, Ushiki H, Graciaa A, Belachemi L, Guillemin JC.
Chemphyschem. 2011 Dec 15. doi: 10.1002/cphc.201100672. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22174079
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Supramolecular Materials: Photosensitized Hydrogen Evolution from Water Using a Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Fullerodendron/SiO(2) Coaxial Nanohybrid (Adv. Mater. 48/2011).
Tajima T, Sakata W, Wada T, Tsutsui A, Nishimoto S, Miyake M, Takaguchi Y.
Adv Mater. 2011 Dec 22;23(48):5749. doi: 10.1002/adma.201190195.
PMID:
22174015
[PubMed - in process]
- Highly Diastereo- and Enantioselective Mannich Reactions of Synthetically Flexible Ketimines with Secondary Amine Organocatalysts.
Kano T, Song S, Kubota Y, Maruoka K.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Dec 15. doi: 10.1002/anie.201107375. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22173941
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- A computational and experimental investigation of the mechanical properties of single ZnTe nanowires.
Davami K, Mortazavi B, Ghassemi HM, Yassar RS, Lee JS, Rémond Y, Meyyappan M.
Nanoscale. 2011 Dec 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22173853
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Preparation and characterization of hybrid conducting polymer-carbon nanotube yarn.
Foroughi J, Spinks GM, Ghorbani SR, Kozlov ME, Safaei F, Peleckis G, Wallace GG, Baughman RH.
Nanoscale. 2011 Dec 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22173836
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Simultaneous determination of the quantity and isotopic signature of dissolved organic matter from soil water using high-performance liquid chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry.
Scheibe A, Krantz L, Gleixner G.
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2012 Jan 30;26(2):173-80. doi: 10.1002/rcm.5311.
PMID:
22173805
[PubMed - in process]
- High-temperature pyrolysis/gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry: simultaneous measurement of the stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon in cellulose.
Woodley EJ, Loader NJ, McCarroll D, Young GH, Robertson I, Heaton TH, Gagen MH, Warham JO.
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2012 Jan 30;26(2):109-14. doi: 10.1002/rcm.5302.
PMID:
22173798
[PubMed - in process]
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Recent Research & Development for Sulfur
- Self-assembly of a sulphur-terminated graphene nanoribbon within a single-walled carbon nanotube.
Chuvilin A, Bichoutskaia E, Gimenez-Lopez MC, Chamberlain TW, Rance GA, Kuganathan N, Biskupek J, Kaiser U, Khlobystov AN.
Nat Mater. 2011 Aug 7. doi: 10.1038/nmat3082. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21822259
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the yeast tRNA-thiouridine modification protein 1 (Tum1p).
Qiu R, Wang F, Liu M, Yang Z, Wu T, Ji C.
Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2011 Aug 1;67(Pt 8):953-5. Epub 2011 Jul 27.
PMID:
21821903
[PubMed - in process]
- Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis L-isoleucine dioxygenase toward the production of useful amino acids.
Hibi M, Kawashima T, Kodera T, Smirnov SV, Sokolov PM, Sugiyama M, Shimizu S, Yokozeki K, Ogawa J.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Aug 5. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21821743
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Characterization of the sulfurtransferase family from Oryza sativa L.
Guretzki S, Papenbrock J.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2011 Jul 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21821426
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Development of a small-scale bioreactor method to monitor the molecular diversity and environmental impacts of bacterial biofilm communities from an acid mine drainage impacted creek.
Cole M, Wrubel J, Henegan P, Janzen C, Holt J, Tobin T.
J Microbiol Methods. 2011 Jul 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21821067
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- In situ incorporation of nickel nanoparticles into the mesopores of MCM-41 by manipulation of solvent-solute interaction and its activity toward adsorptive desulfurization of gas oil.
Samadi-Maybodi A, Teymouri M, Vahid A, Miranbeigi A.
J Hazard Mater. 2011 Jul 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21820806
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Stearoyl-CoA desaturase is an essential enzyme for the parasitic protist Trypanosoma brucei.
Alloatti A, Gupta S, Gualdrón-López M, Nguewa PA, Altabe SG, Deumer G, Wallemacq P, Michels PA, Uttaro AD.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Jul 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21820408
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- The use of multi-element stable isotope analysis to monitor the origin of chondroitin sulfates.
Thomas F, Jamin E, Shimoo K, Nagao J, Osaki Y, Granier C.
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2011 Sep 15;25(17):2533-7. doi: 10.1002/rcm.5159.
PMID:
21818814
[PubMed - in process]
- Sulphur isotopes in animal hair track distance to sea.
Zazzo A, Monahan FJ, Moloney AP, Green S, Schmidt O.
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2011 Sep 15;25(17):2371-8. doi: 10.1002/rcm.5131.
PMID:
21818798
[PubMed - in process]
- Experimental and Theoretical Evidence of Aromatic Behavior in Heterobenzene-Like Molecules with Metal-Metal Multiple Bonds.
Fang W, He Q, Tan ZF, Liu CY, Lu X, Murillo CA.
Chemistry. 2011 Aug 4. doi: 10.1002/chem.201003693. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21818792
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Rhodovulum phaeolacus sp. nov. a phototrophic alphaproteobacterium isolated from a brown pond.
Venkata Naga Satya Lakshmi K, Sasikala C, Venkata Ramana V, Veera Venkata Ramaprasad E, Venkata Ramana C.
J Gen Appl Microbiol. 2011;57(3):145-51.
PMID:
21817826
[PubMed - in process]
- Comparative data on effects of leading pretreatments and enzyme loadings and formulations on sugar yields from different switchgrass sources.
Wyman CE, Balan V, Dale BE, Elander RT, Falls M, Hames B, Holtzapple MT, Ladisch MR, Lee YY, Mosier N, Pallapolu VR, Shi J, Thomas SR, Warner RE.
Bioresour Technol. 2011 Jun 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21816612
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Target loads of atmospheric sulfur deposition for the protection and recovery of acid-sensitive streams in the Southern Blue Ridge Province.
Sullivan TJ, Cosby BJ, Jackson WA.
J Environ Manage. 2011 Aug 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21816535
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Differential effects of a post-anthesis fertilizer regimen on the wheat flour proteome determined by quantitative 2-DE.
Altenbach SB, Tanaka CK, Hurkman WJ, Whitehand LC, Vensel WH, Dupont FM.
Proteome Sci. 2011 Aug 4;9(1):46. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21816081
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Comparative toxicity of arsenic metabolites in human bladder cancer EJ-1 cells.
Naranmandura H, Michael CW, Xu S, Lee J, Leslie E, Weinfeld M, Le XC.
Chem Res Toxicol. 2011 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21815631
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- The Effects of Different Garlic-derived Allyl Sulfides on Peroxidative Processes and Anaerobic Sulfur Metabolism in Mouse Liver.
Iciek MB, Kowalczyk-Pachel D, Kwiecien I, Dudek MB.
Phytother Res. 2011 Aug 4. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3572. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21815229
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- A combined model of hepatic polyamine and sulfur amino acid metabolism to analyze S-adenosyl methionine availability.
Reyes-Palomares A, Montañez R, Sánchez-Jiménez F, Medina MA.
Amino Acids. 2011 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21814788
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Microbial gene functions enriched in the Deepwater Horizon deep-sea oil plume.
Lu Z, Deng Y, Van Nostrand JD, He Z, Voordeckers J, Zhou A, Lee YJ, Mason OU, Dubinsky EA, Chavarria KL, Tom LM, Fortney JL, Lamendella R, Jansson JK, D'haeseleer P, Hazen TC, Zhou J.
ISME J. 2011 Aug 4. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2011.91. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21814288
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- 1,1'-(3-Methyl-4-phenylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-diyl)diethanone as a Building Block in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Novel Synthesis of Some Pyrazole and Pyrimidine Derivatives.
Mabkhot YN, Al-Majid AM, Barakat A, Alshahrani S, Siddiqui Y.
Molecules. 2011 Aug 3;16(8):6502-11.
PMID:
21814162
[PubMed - in process]
- Towards the Growth of an Aligned Single-Layer MoS2 Film.
Kim D, Sun D, Lu W, Cheng Z, Zhu Y, Le D, Rahman TS, Bartels L.
Langmuir. 2011 Aug 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21812475
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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