Cobalt Arsenide(III) is a crystalline solid used as a semiconductor and in photo optic applications.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Cobalt is a Block D, Group 9, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Cobalt's shells is 2, 8, 15, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d7 4s2. In its elemental form cobalt's CAS number is 7440-48-4. The cobalt atom has a radius of 125.3.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Cobalt and its compounds are somewhat toxic by skin contact and moderately toxic by inhalation. Cobalt has a metallic permeability two thirds that of iron. It exists as a mixture of two allotropes over a wide temperature range. The transformation is slow and accounts in part for the wide variation in the physical properties of cobalt. It is alloyed with iron, nickel and other metals to make Alnico, an alloy of unusual magnetic strength with many important uses. Samarium-cobalt is one of the highest strength magnet alloys known. Cobalt compounds produce a brilliant and permanent blue color in ceramic glazes, glass, pottery, tiles, and enamels. Co-60 is useful as a gamma ray source. Toxicity of cobalt and its compounds are mild by skin contact and moderate by ingestion. Cobalt is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Cobalt was first discovered by George Brandt in 1737. The origin of the word Cobalt comes from the German word 'Kobalt or Kobold' which translates as "goblin", "elf" or "evil spirit". See Cobalt research below.
Arsenic is a Block P, Group 15, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Arsenic's shells is 2, 8, 18, 5 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3. In its elemental form arsenic's CAS number is 1327-53-3. The arsenic atom has a radius of 124.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 185.pm. Arsenic in the organic form is not harmful but in the inorganic form it is extremely toxic even in very small amounts. Arsenic has numerous applications as a semiconductor and other electronic applications as Indium arsenide, silicon arsenide and tin arsenidea. Arsenic is finding increasing uses as a doping agent in solid-state devices such as transistors. Gallium arsenide is used as a laser material to convert electricity directly into coherent light. Arsenic is used in bronzing and for hardening and improving the sphericity of shot. Due to its toxicity, arsenic compounds are used in insecticides and wood preservation.Arsenic is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Arsenic information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed here. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included. See Arsenic research below.
An arsenide, an anion with the charge -3, is a rare mineral group consisting of compounds of one or more metals with arsenic (As). Arsenide anions have no existence in solution since they are extremely basic. These solid salts have very high lattice energies and are toxic due to the inherent toxicity of arsenic. Arsenides have applications in semiconductors, laser and light-emitting diodes, quantum dots, and optical and pressure sensors.
American Elements semi conducting materials are crystal structures produced from ultra high purity starting materials synthesized by our high purity production facility which includes several large electric muffle furnaces, a tube furnace for hydrogen reduction, 50 gallon glass-lined Pfaudler reactors supported by our analytical laboratory containing X-ray diffraction, SEM, AA, BET surface area, and ICP Spectrometry for trace metals analysis. See a discussion of American Elements Ultra High Purity and Analytical capabilities. See Crystal Growth for processes used to fabricate semiconductor materials, which include:
Crystal "pulling" by the Czochaiski method for production of semiconductor materials
Flux growth and gradient freeze
Directional solidification of fluorites using both the Bridgman-Stockbarger and float zoning techniques
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Aging effects on cobalt availability in soils. Wendling LA, Kirby JK, McLaughlin MJ. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2009 Aug;28(8):1609-17. Epub 2009 Mar 24. PMID: 19642829 [PubMed - in process]
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha suppresses the expression of macrophage scavenger receptor 1. Shirato K, Kizaki T, Sakurai T, Ogasawara JE, Ishibashi Y, Iijima T, Okada C, Noguchi I, Imaizumi K, Taniguchi N, Ohno H. Pflugers Arch. 2009 Jul 30. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19641936 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Highly Selective Biaryl Cross-Coupling Reactions between Aryl Halides and Aryl Grignard Reagents: A New Catalyst Combination of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel Fluorides. Hatakeyama T, Hashimoto S, Ishizuka K, Nakamura M. J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Jul 29. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19639999 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Cobalt-Mediated [3 + 2]-Annulation Reaction of Alkenes with alpha,beta-Unsaturated Ketones and Imines. Schomaker JM, Toste FD, Bergman RG. Org Lett. 2009 Jul 29. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19639989 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A W-band pulsed EPR/ENDOR study of Co(II)S(4) coordination in the Co[(SPPh(2))(SP(i)Pr(2))N](2) complex. Sottini S, Mathies G, Gast P, Maganas D, Kyritsis P, Groenen EJ. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2009 Aug 21;11(31):6727-32. Epub 2009 Jul 8. PMID: 19639146 [PubMed - in process]
Cryophotolysis of a caged oxygen compound for use in low temperature biological studies. Howard-Jones AR, Adam V, Cowley A, Baldwin JE, Bourgeois D. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2009 Aug;8(8):1150-6. Epub 2009 Jun 1. PMID: 19639117 [PubMed - in process]
Implant abutment deformation during prosthetic cylinder screw tightening: an in vitro study. Neto RT, Moura MS, Souza EA, Rubo JH. Int J Prosthodont. 2009 Jul-Aug;22(4):391-5. PMID: 19639078 [PubMed - in process]
Direct electrochemical determination of carbaryl using a multi-walled carbon nanotube/cobalt phthalocyanine modified electrode. Moraes FC, Mascaro LH, Machado SA, Brett CM. Talanta. 2009 Oct 15;79(5):1406-11. Epub 2009 Jun 12. PMID: 19635377 [PubMed - in process]
No superiority of cemented metal-on-metal vs metal-on-polyethylene THA at 5-year follow-up. Zijlstra WP, Cheung J, Sietsma MS, van Raay JJ, Deutman R. Orthopedics. 2009 Jul;32(7):479. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20090527-06. PMID: 19634856 [PubMed - in process]
Bare-metal stents versus drug-eluting stents in large (>/=3.5mm) single coronary artery: Angiographic and clinical outcomes at 6 months. Na JO, Kim JW, Choi CU, Choi UJ, Shin SY, Lim HE, Kim EJ, Rha SW, Park CG, Seo HS, Oh DJ. J Cardiol. 2009 Aug;54(1):108-14. Epub 2009 Jun 13. PMID: 19632529 [PubMed - in process]
Prevalence of nickel and cobalt allergy among female patients with dermatitis before and after Danish government regulation: A 23-year retrospective study. Thyssen JP, Johansen JD, Carlsen BC, Menné T. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009 Jul 23. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19632002 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Removal of Co(2+) ions from aqueous solution by cation exchange sorption onto NiO. Naeem A, Saddique MT, Mustafa S, Tasleem S, Shah KH, Waseem M. J Hazard Mater. 2009 Jul 4. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19631452 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Structure and Electronic Properties of Graphene Nanoislands on Co(0001). Eom D, Prezzi D, Rim KT, Zhou H, Lefenfeld M, Xiao S, Nuckolls C, Hybertsen MS, Heinz TF, Flynn GW. Nano Lett. 2009 Jul 24. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19630380 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Cytotoxic activity, X-ray crystal structures and spectroscopic characterization of cobalt(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) coordination compounds with 2-substituted benzimidazoles. Sánchez-Guadarrama O, López-Sandoval H, Sánchez-Bartéz F, Gracia-Mora I, Höpfl H, Barba-Behrens N. J Inorg Biochem. 2009 Jun 16. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19628280 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Subsurface changes of a MoM hip implant below different contact zones. Pourzal R, Theissmann R, Williams S, Gleising B, Fisher J, Fischer A. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2009 Apr;2(2):186-91. Epub 2008 Aug 23. PMID: 19627822 [PubMed - in process]
The Short-Term Effect on Restenosis and Thrombosis of a Cobalt-Chromium Stent Eluting Two Drugs in a Porcine Coronary Artery Model. Huang Y, Venkatraman SS, Boey FY, Umashankar PR, Mohanty M, Arumugam S. J Interv Cardiol. 2009 Jul 13. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19627432 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Mechanistic Aspects of the Copolymerization of CO(2) with Epoxides Using a Thermally Stable Single-Site Cobalt(III) Catalyst. Ren WM, Liu ZW, Wen YQ, Zhang R, Lu XB. J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Jul 22. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19624164 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Homodimerization and Heterodimerization of Minimal Zinc(II)-Binding-Domain Peptides of T-Cell Proteins CD4, CD8alpha, and Lck. Davis AM, Berg JM. J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Jul 22. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19624124 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Cobalt Arsenide(III) is a crystalline solid used as a semiconductor and in photo optic applications.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Cobalt is a Block D, Group 9, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Cobalt's shells is 2, 8, 15, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d7 4s2. In its elemental form cobalt's CAS number is 7440-48-4. The cobalt atom has a radius of 125.3.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Cobalt and its compounds are somewhat toxic by skin contact and moderately toxic by inhalation. Cobalt has a metallic permeability two thirds that of iron. It exists as a mixture of two allotropes over a wide temperature range. The transformation is slow and accounts in part for the wide variation in the physical properties of cobalt. It is alloyed with iron, nickel and other metals to make Alnico, an alloy of unusual magnetic strength with many 
important 
uses. Samarium-cobalt is one of the highest strength magnet alloys known. Cobalt compounds produce a brilliant and permanent blue color in ceramic glazes, glass, pottery, tiles, and enamels. Co-60 is useful as a gamma ray source. Toxicity of cobalt and its compounds are mild by skin contact and moderate by ingestion. Cobalt is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Cobalt was first discovered by George Brandt in 1737. The origin of the word Cobalt comes from the German word 'Kobalt or Kobold' which translates as "goblin", "elf" or "evil spirit". See Cobalt research below.
Arsenic is a Block P, Group 15, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Arsenic's shells is 2, 8, 18, 5 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3. In its elemental form arsenic's CAS number is 1327-53-3.
The arsenic atom has a radius of 124.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 185.pm. Arsenic in the organic form is not harmful but in the inorganic form it is extremely toxic even in very small amounts. Arsenic has numerous applications as a semiconductor and other electronic applications as Indium arsenide, silicon arsenide and tin arsenidea. Arsenic is finding increasing uses as a doping agent in solid-state devices such as transistors. Gallium arsenide is used as a laser material to convert electricity directly into coherent light. Arsenic is used in bronzing and for hardening and improving the sphericity of shot. Due to its toxicity, arsenic compounds are used in insecticides and wood preservation.Arsenic is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in 
the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Arsenic information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed here. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included. See Arsenic research below. 
