Copper Oxide/ Aluminum Oxide Granules are available with an average particle size range of 1 - 3mm. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopeia/British Pharmacopeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement. Oxide compounds are not conductive to electricity. However, certain perovskite structured oxides are electronically conductive finding application in the cathode of solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen generation systems. They are compounds containing at least one oxygen anion and one metallic cation. They are typically insoluble in aqueous solutions (water) and extremely stable making them useful in ceramic structures assimple as producing clay bowls to advanced electronics and in light weight structural components in aerospace and electrochemical applications such as fuel cells in which they exhibitionicconductivity. Activated Chromatographic Grade aluminum oxide is used in lighting, photographic chromatography and various separation techniques of chromatography. Metal oxidecompoundsare basic anhydrides and can therefore react with acids and with strong reducing agents in redox reactions.
Copper is a Block D, Group 11, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Copper's shells is 2, 8, 18, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s1. In its elemental form copper's CAS number is 7440-50-8. The copper atom has a radius of 127.8 .pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 140.pm. Copper is an essential trace element in animals and plants, but in excess copper is toxic. Due to its high electrical conductivity, large amounts of copper are used by the electrical industry for wire. Of all pure metals, only silver has a higher electrical conductivity. Copper is also resistant to corrosion caused by moisture, making it a widely used material in pipes, coins, and jewelry. Copper is often too soft for its applications, so it is incorporated in numerous alloys. For example, brass is a copper-zinc alloy, and bronze is a copper-tin alloy. Copper sulfate (CuSO 4·H2O), also known as blue vitrol, is the most well-known copper compound. It is used as an agricultural poison, an algicide, and as a pigment for inks. Cuprous chloride (CuCl) is a powder used to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2). Copper cyanide (CuCN) is often used in electroplating applications. Copper is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Copper was first discovered by Early Man. The origin of the word copper comes from the Latin word 'cuprium' which translates as "metal of Cyprus". Cyprus, a Mediterranean island, was known as an ancient source of mined copper. See Copper research below.
Aluminum is a Block P, Group 13, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Aluminum's shells is 2, 8, 3 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p1. In its elemental form aluminum's CAS number is 7429-90-5. The aluminum atom has a radius of 143.2.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust. Aluminum is not known to be harmful but ingestion may cause Alzheimer's disease.Aluminum is a silvery-white metal that possesses many desirable characteristics. It is light, nonmagnetic and nonsparking.
It stands second among metals in the scale of malleability, and sixth in ductility. It is extensively used in many industrial applications where a strong, light, easily constructed material is needed. Although it's electrical conductivity is only about 60% that of copper, it is used in electrical transmission lines because of its light weight. Pure aluminum is soft and lacks strength, but alloyed with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, or other elements impart a variety of useful properties. These alloys are of vital importance in the construction of modern aircraft and rockets. Aluminum, evaporated in a vacuum, forms a highly reflective coating for both visible light and radiant heat. They are used to coat telescope mirrors. Aluminum is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. See Aluminum research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Altered intracellular localization and valosin-containing protein (p97 VCP) interaction underlie ATP7A-related distal motor neuropathy.
Yi L, Donsante A, Kennerson ML, Mercer JF, Garbern JY, Kaler SG.
Hum Mol Genet. 2011 Dec 30. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22210628
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Chitinolytic and Chitosanolytic Activities from Crude Cellulase Extract Produced by A. niger Grown on Apple Pomace Through Koji Fermentation.
Dhillon GS, Brar SK, Kaur S, Valero JR, Verma M.
J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2011 Dec;21(12):1312-21.
PMID:
22210619
[PubMed - in process]
Structural and functional recovery of microbial biofilms after a decrease in copper exposure: Influence of the presence of pristine communities.
Lambert AS, Morin S, Artigas J, Volat B, Coquery M, Neyra M, Pesce S.
Aquat Toxicol. 2011 Dec 14;109C:118-126. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22210500
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effects of copper on osmoregulation in sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus acclimated to different salinities.
Adeyemi JA, Deaton LE, Pesacreta TC, Klerks PL.
Aquat Toxicol. 2011 Dec 14;109C:111-117. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22210499
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Characterization of the Chitinolytic Machinery of Enterococcus faecalis V583 and High-Resolution Structure of Its Oxidative CBM33 Enzyme.
Vaaje-Kolstad G, Bøhle LA, Gåseidnes S, Dalhus B, Bjørås M, Mathiesen G, Eijsink VG.
J Mol Biol. 2011 Dec 22. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22210154
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Electrochemistry of copper(II) induced complexes in mycorrhizal maize plant tissues.
Zitka O, Merlos MA, Adam V, Ferrol N, Pohanka M, Hubalek J, Zehnalek J, Trnkova L, Kizek R.
J Hazard Mater. 2011 Dec 13. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22209587
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The metal binding abilities of Megathura crenulata metallothionein (McMT) in the frame of Gastropoda MTs.
Pérez-Rafael S, Mezger A, Lieb B, Dallinger R, Capdevila M, Palacios O, Atrian S.
J Inorg Biochem. 2011 Dec 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22209022
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Photoluminescence quenching/recovery kinetics of [Ru(bpy)(2)(tatp)](2+) and [Ru(bpy)(2)(dmtatp)](2+) intercalated within DNA by copper(II) ions and EDTA.
Ji S, Chen M, Gan G, Li H, Li W.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2011 Dec 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22208960
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Peculiarities of copper binding to alpha-synuclein.
Ahmad A, Burns CS, Fink AL, Uversky VN.
J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2012 Feb;29(4):825-42.
PMID:
22208282
[PubMed - in process]
Role of Vitamin C and E Supplementation on IL-6 in response to Training.
Yfanti C, Fischer CP, Nielsen S, Akerström T, Nielsen AR, Veskoukis AS, Kouretas D, Lykkesfeldt J, Pilegaard H, Pedersen BK.
J Appl Physiol. 2011 Dec 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22207723
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Zinc, Ferritin, Magnesium and Copper in a group of Egyptian Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
Mahmoud MM, El-Mazary AA, Maher RM, Saber MM.
Ital J Pediatr. 2011 Dec 29;37(1):60. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22206662
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Intramolecular C-H Amination Leading to Imidazobenzimidazole Derivatives.
Wang X, Jin Y, Zhao Y, Zhu L, Fu H.
Org Lett. 2011 Dec 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22206482
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
High-Throughput Graphene Imaging on Arbitrary Substrates with Widefield Raman Spectroscopy.
Havener RW, Ju SY, Brown L, Wang Z, Wojcik M, Ruiz-Vargas CS, Park J.
ACS Nano. 2011 Dec 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22206260
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Triarylboron-Functionalized Cu(II) Carboxylate Paddlewheel Complexes.
Blight BA, Stewart AF, Wang N, Lu JS, Wang S.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Dec 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22206219
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Application of a topical biomimetic electrical signaling technology to photo-aging: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a galvanic zinc-copper complex.
Chantalat J, Bruning E, Sun Y, Liu JC.
J Drugs Dermatol. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):30-7.
PMID:
22206074
[PubMed - in process]
Assessment of Metal Pollution in Soils From a Former Havana (Cuba) Solid Waste Open Dump.
Díaz Rizo O, Hernández Merlo M, Echeverría Castillo F, Arado López JO.
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011 Dec 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22205471
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Coordination chemistry of copper proteins: How nature handles a toxic cargo for essential function.
Rubino JT, Franz KJ.
J Inorg Biochem. 2011 Dec 3;107(1):129-143. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22204943
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Palm oil fruit shells as biosorbent for copper removal from water and wastewater: Experiments and sorption models.
Hossain MA, Ngo HH, Guo WS, Nguyen TV.
Bioresour Technol. 2011 Dec 9. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22204888
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effective and reversible DNA condensation induced by bifunctional molecules containing macrocyclic polyamines and naphthyl moieties.
Yan H, Li ZF, Guo ZF, Lu ZL, Wang F, Wu LZ.
Bioorg Med Chem. 2011 Dec 8. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22204742
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Fish quarantine: current practices in public zoos and aquaria.
Hadfield CA, Clayton LA.
J Zoo Wildl Med. 2011 Dec;42(4):641-50.
PMID:
22204059
[PubMed - in process]
Characterisation of optically stimulated luminescence dosemeters to measure organ doses in diagnostic radiology.
Endo A, Katoh T, Kobayashi I, Joshi R, Sur J, Okano T.
Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2011 Nov 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22116136
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Metal recovery from high-grade WEEE: A life cycle assessment.
Bigum M, Brogaard L, Christensen TH.
J Hazard Mater. 2011 Oct 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22115841
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Protein interactions with nanosized hydrotalcites of different composition.
Bellezza F, Alberani A, Posati T, Tarpani L, Latterini L, Cipiciani A.
J Inorg Biochem. 2011 Oct 8;106(1):134-142. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22115829
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Neurobehavioral toxic effects of perinatal oral exposure to aluminum on the developmental motor reflexes, learning, memory and brain neurotransmitters of mice offspring.
Abu-Taweel GM, Ajarem JS, Ahmad M.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2011 Nov 13. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22115621
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Lithium-Ion Conducting Electrolyte Salts for Lithium Batteries.
Aravindan V, Gnanaraj J, Madhavi S, Liu HK.
Chemistry. 2011 Nov 24. doi: 10.1002/chem.201101486. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22114046
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Contact fatigue response of porcelain-veneered alumina model systems.
Stappert CF, Baldassarri M, Zhang Y, Stappert D, Thompson VP.
J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2011 Nov 24. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.31977. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22113973
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Influence of formulation pH and suspension state on freezing-induced agglomeration of aluminum adjuvants.
Salnikova MS, Davis H, Mensch C, Celano L, Thiriot DS.
J Pharm Sci. 2011 Nov 23. doi: 10.1002/jps.22815. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22113733
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Evidence of foliar aluminium accumulation in local, regional and global datasets of wild plants.
Metali F, Salim KA, Burslem DF.
New Phytol. 2011 Nov 23. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03965.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22111583
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Turning aluminium into a noble-metal-like catalyst for low-temperature activation of molecular hydrogen.
Chopra IS, Chaudhuri S, Veyan JF, Chabal YJ.
Nat Mater. 2011 Nov 23;10(12):986. doi: 10.1038/nmat3174. No abstract available.
PMID:
22109610
[PubMed - in process]
Fabrication of a dual-layer aluminum nanowires polarization filter array.
Gruev V.
Opt Express. 2011 Nov 21;19(24):24361-9. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.024361.
PMID:
22109463
[PubMed - in process]
Image-quality perception as a function of dose in digital radiography.
Lehnert T, Naguib NN, Korkusuz H, Bauer RW, Kerl JM, Mack MG, Vogl TJ.
AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2011 Dec;197(6):1399-403.
PMID:
22109295
[PubMed - in process]
Highly sensitive nano-porous lattice biosensor based on localized surface plasmon resonance and interference.
Yeom SH, Kim OG, Kang BH, Kim KJ, Yuan H, Kwon DH, Kim HR, Kang SW.
Opt Express. 2011 Nov 7;19(23):22882-91. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.022882.
PMID:
22109166
[PubMed - in process]
Regulatory role of zinc during aluminium-induced altered carbohydrate metabolism in rat brain.
Singla N, Dhawan DK.
J Neurosci Res. 2011 Nov 23. doi: 10.1002/jnr.22790. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22108899
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Three-shell-based lens barrel for the effective athermalization of an IR optical system.
Yang HS, Kihm H, Moon IK, Jung GJ, Choi SC, Lee KJ, Hwang HY, Kim SW, Lee YW.
Appl Opt. 2011 Nov 20;50(33):6206-13. doi: 10.1364/AO.50.006206.
PMID:
22108878
[PubMed - in process]
Influences of heat seal lacquer thickness on the quality of blister packages.
Mühlfeld L, Langguth P, Häusler H, Hagels H.
Eur J Pharm Sci. 2011 Nov 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22108348
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Efficient extraction of vaccines formulated in aluminum hydroxide gel by including surfactants in the extraction buffer.
Zhu D, Huang S, McClellan H, Dai W, Syed NR, Gebregeorgis E, Mullen GE, Long C, Martin LB, Narum D, Duffy P, Miller LH, Saul A.
Vaccine. 2011 Nov 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22107848
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Electronic structure investigation of highly compressed aluminum with k edge absorption spectroscopy.
Benuzzi-Mounaix A, Dorchies F, Recoules V, Festa F, Peyrusse O, Levy A, Ravasio A, Hall T, Koenig M, Amadou N, Brambrink E, Mazevet S.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Oct 14;107(16):165006. Epub 2011 Oct 13.
PMID:
22107398
[PubMed - in process]
Short-time electron dynamics in aluminum excited by femtosecond extreme ultraviolet radiation.
Medvedev N, Zastrau U, Förster E, Gericke DO, Rethfeld B.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Oct 14;107(16):165003. Epub 2011 Oct 12.
PMID:
22107395
[PubMed - in process]
Nanoporous Polymeric Nanofibers Based on Selectively Etched PS-b-PDMS Block Copolymers.
Birlik Demirel G, Buyukserin F, Morris MA, Demirel G.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2011 Nov 22. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22107361
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Low bias electron scattering in structure-identified single wall carbon nanotubes: role of substrate polar phonons.
Chandra B, Perebeinos V, Berciaud S, Katoch J, Ishigami M, Kim P, Heinz TF, Hone J.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Sep 30;107(14):146601. Epub 2011 Sep 28.
PMID:
22107221
[PubMed - in process]
Proud sponsors of Aeromat 2012. Please join us and our customers & co-sponsors Boeing and ATI on
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Copper Oxide/ Aluminum Oxide Granules are available with an average particle size range of 1 - 3mm. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopeia/British Pharmacopeia) and follows 
applicable ASTM testing standards. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement. Oxide compounds are not conductive to electricity. However, certain perovskite structured oxides are electronically conductive finding application in the cathode of solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen generation systems. They are compounds containing at least one oxygen anion and one metallic cation. They are typically insoluble in aqueous solutions (water) and extremely stable making them useful in ceramic structures assimple as producing clay bowls to advanced electronics and in light weight structural components in aerospace and electrochemical applications such as fuel cells in which they exhibitionicconductivity. Activated Chromatographic Grade aluminum oxide is used in lighting, photographic chromatography and various separation techniques of chromatography. Metal oxidecompoundsare basic anhydrides and can therefore react with acids and with strong reducing agents in redox reactions.
Copper is a Block D, Group 11, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Copper's shells is 2, 8, 18, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s1. In its elemental form copper's CAS number is 7440-50-8. The copper atom has a radius of 127.8 .pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 140.pm. Copper is an essential trace element in animals and plants, but in excess copper is toxic. Due to its high electrical conductivity, large amounts of copper are used by the electrical industry for wire. Of all pure metals, only silver has a higher electrical conductivity. Copper is also resistant to corrosion caused by moisture, making it a widely used material in pipes, coins, and jewelry. Copper is often too soft for its applications, so it is incorporated in numerous alloys. For example, brass is a copper-zinc alloy, and bronze is a copper-tin alloy. Copper sulfate (CuSO 4·H2O), also known as blue vitrol, is the most well-known 
copper compound. It is used as 
an agricultural poison, an algicide, and as a pigment for inks. Cuprous chloride (CuCl) is a powder used to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2). Copper cyanide (CuCN) is often used in electroplating applications. Copper is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Copper was first discovered by Early Man. The origin of the word copper comes from the Latin word 'cuprium' which translates as "metal of Cyprus". Cyprus, a Mediterranean island, was known as an ancient source of mined copper. See Copper research below. 
Aluminum is a Block P, Group 13, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Aluminum's shells is 2, 8, 3 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p1. In its elemental form aluminum's CAS number is 7429-90-5. The aluminum atom has a radius of 143.2.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust. Aluminum is not known to be harmful but ingestion may cause Alzheimer's disease.Aluminum is a silvery-white metal that possesses many desirable characteristics. It is light, nonmagnetic and nonsparking.
It stands second among metals in the scale of malleability, and sixth in ductility. It is extensively used in many
industrial applications where a strong, light, easily constructed material is needed. Although it's electrical conductivity is only about 60% that of copper, it is used in electrical transmission 
lines because of its light weight. Pure aluminum is soft and lacks strength, but alloyed with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, or other elements impart a variety of useful properties. These alloys are of vital importance in the construction of modern aircraft and rockets. Aluminum, evaporated in a vacuum, forms a highly reflective coating for both visible light and radiant heat. They are used to coat telescope mirrors. Aluminum is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. See Aluminum research below.
