Chromium Aluminium Yttrium is one of numerous metal alloys sold by American Elements under the tradename AE Alloys™. Chromium Aluminium Yttrium powder is used in high performance coatings. American Elements specializes in producing high purity Chromium Aluminium Yttrium powder with the smallest possible average grain sizes for use in preparation of pressed and bonded sputtering targets and in Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) processes including Thermal and Electron Beam (E-Beam) Evaporation, Low Temperature Organic Evaporation, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), Metallic-Organic and Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD). Powders are also useful in any application where high surface areas are desired such as water treatment and in fuel cell and solar applications. Nanoparticles (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots ) also produce very high surface areas. Our standard Powder particle sizes average in the range of - 325 mesh, - 100 mesh, 10-50 microns and submicron (< 1 micron). We can also provide many materials in the nanoscale range.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. See safety data and research below and pricing/lead time above. We also produce Chromium as rod, ingot, pieces, pellets, disc, granules, wire, and in compound forms, such as oxide. Other shapes are available by request
Chromium is a Block D, Group 6, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Chromium's shells is 2, 8, 13, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d5 4s1. In its elemental form chromium's CAS number is 7440-47-3. The chromium atom has a radius of 124.9.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Hexavalent chromium is toxic. Chromium is highly resistant to corrosion. This has led to its use in numerous alloying and steel producing applications. When chromium is added to glass or ceramic glazes, it produces a brilliant green. Chromium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It is also used as a paint pigment for this purpose.Although chromium metal is an essential trace element, hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is especially toxic and carcinogenic. Recently, chromites have formed the basis for cathode compositions for oxygen generation and fuel cell applications. Chromium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed here. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included. Chromium was first discovered by Anders Ekeberg in 1802. Due to its various colorful compounds, Chromium was named after the Greek word 'chroma' meaning color. See Chromium research below.
Aluminum is a Block P, Group 13, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Aluminum's shells is 2, 8, 3 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p1. In its elemental form aluminum's CAS number is 7429-90-5. The aluminum atom has a radius of 143.2.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Aluminum is not known to be harmful but ingestion may cause Alzheimer's disease.Aluminum is a silvery-white metal that possesses many desirable characteristics. It is light, nonmagnetic and nonsparking.
It stands second among metals in the scale of malleability, and sixth in ductility. It is extensively used in many industrial applications where a strong, light, easily constructed material is needed. Although it's electrical conductivity is only about 60% that of copper, it is used in electrical transmission lines because of its light weight. Pure aluminum is soft and lacks strength, but alloyed with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, or other elements impart a variety of useful properties. These alloys are of vital importance in the construction of modern aircraft and rockets. Aluminum, evaporated in a vacuum, forms a highly reflective coating for both visible light and radiant heat. They are used to coat telescope mirrors. Aluminum is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. See Aluminum research below.Aluminum was first synthesized by Hans Christian Oersted in 1825, but its discovery was initially made by an Englishman, Sir Humphrey Davy, who also named the metal for alumina, the mineral from which he was attempting to refine it, in 1812- the year he was knighted.
Yttrium is a Block D, Group 3, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Yttrium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 9, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d1 5s2. In its elemental form Yttrium's CAS number is 7440-65-5. The yttrium atom has a radius of 177.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Insoluble compounds of Yttrium are non-toxic, although water soluble compounds are somewhat toxic. Yttrium has the highest thermo-dynamic affinity for oxygen of any element. This characteristic is the basis for many of its applications. While not part of the rare earth series, it resembles the heavy rare earths which are sometimes referred to as the “yttrics” for this reason. Another unique characteristic derives from its ability to form crystals with useful properties. Yttrium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Some of the many applications of yttrium include in ceramics for crucibles for molten reactive metals, in florescent lighting phosphors, computer displays and automotive fuel consumption sensors.Yttria stabilized zirconium oxide are used in high temperature applications, such as in thermal plasma sprays to protect aerospace high temperature surfaces and as an electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells. The name Yttrium originated from a Swedish village near Vaxholm called Yttbery where Yttrium was discovered. Crystals of the yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) variety are essential to microwave communication equipment. The phosphor Eu:Y2O2S creates the red color in televisions. Crystals of the yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) variety are utilized with neodymium in a number of laser applications. Yttria can also increase the strength of metallic alloys. Yttrium was first discovered by Johann Gadolin in 1794. See Yttrium research below.
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Acta Orthop Belg. 2011 Oct;77(5):691-5.
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22187849
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Souza JE, Silva NR, Coelho PG, Zavanelli AC, Ferracioli RC, Zavanelli RA.
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Khuda F, Iqbal Z, Zakiullah -, Khan A, Nasir F, Muhammad N, Khan JA, Khan MS.
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J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2011 Dec;19(3):309-13.
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Burdick NC, Bernhard BC, Carroll JA, Rathmann RJ, Johnson BJ.
Innate Immun. 2011 Dec 16. [Epub ahead of print]
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22180563
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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22179413
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Schneider BC, Constant SL, Patierno SR, Jurjus RA, Ceryak SM.
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Lind PM, Olsén L, Lind L.
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Majumdar N, Korthals KA, Wulff WD.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Dec 16. [Epub ahead of print]
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Recent Research & Development for Aluminum
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Recent Research & Development for Yttrium
- Low-Fluence Q-Switched 1,064-nm Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser for the Treatment of Facial Partial Unilateral Lentiginosis in Koreans.
Lee Y, Choi EH, Lee SW.
Dermatol Surg. 2011 Sep 7. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02147.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22093176
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Successful Treatment of Cosmetic Mucosal Tattoos Via Q-Switched Laser.
Kirby W, Chen C, Desai A, Desai T.
Dermatol Surg. 2011 Aug 23. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02135.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22093036
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Letter: successful treatment of multiple miliary osteomas of the face using an erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser.
Ortiz AE, Ross EV.
Dermatol Surg. 2011 Oct;37(10):1548-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02112.x.
PMID:
22092945
[PubMed - in process]
- Commentary on Treatment of Acne Scars in Asian Patients using a 2,790-nm Fractional Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet Laser.
Perez M.
Dermatol Surg. 2011 Oct;37(10):1470-2. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02116.x. No abstract available.
PMID:
22092942
[PubMed - in process]
- Fractional Thermoablation Using an Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Fractionated Laser for the Treatment of Pulsed Dye Laser-Resistant Port Wine Stain Birthmarks.
Toren KL, Marquart JD.
Dermatol Surg. 2011 Sep 14. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02160.x. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
22092921
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- The effect of erbium-doped: yttrium, aluminium and garnet laser irradiation on the surface microstructure and roughness of double acid-etched implants.
Kim JH, Herr Y, Chung JH, Shin SI, Kwon YH.
J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2011 Oct;41(5):234-41. Epub 2011 Oct 31.
PMID:
22087414
[PubMed - in process]
- 120-W 2-?m THULIUM:YTTRIUM-ALUMINIUM-GARNET VAPOENUCLEATION OF THE PROSTATE: 12-MONTH FOLLOW-UP.
Muir G.
BJU Int. 2011 Nov 15. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10816.x. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
22085314
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- 120-W 2-µm thulium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet vapoenucleation of the prostate: 12-month follow-up.
Netsch C, Pohlmann L, Herrmann TR, Gross AJ, Bach T.
BJU Int. 2011 Nov 15. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10767.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22085294
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- An Unusual Organoyttrium Alkyl Complex Containing a [C(5) HMe(3) (?(3) -CH(2) )-C(5) H(4) N-?](-) Ligand and an Elusive Cyclopentadienide-Based Scandium Tuck-Over Zwitterion Obtained by C?H Bond Activation.
Jian Z, Cui D.
Chemistry. 2011 Nov 14. doi: 10.1002/chem.201102378. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22083978
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Radioembolization versus Standard Care of Hepatic Metastases: Comparative Retrospective Cohort Study of Survival Outcomes and Adverse Events in Salvage Patients.
Bester L, Meteling B, Pocock N, Pavlakis N, Chua TC, Saxena A, Morris DL.
J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2011 Nov 11. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22079516
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Quantitative evaluation of scintillation camera imaging characteristics of isotopes used in liver radioembolization.
Elschot M, Nijsen JF, Dam AJ, de Jong HW.
PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e26174. Epub 2011 Nov 3.
PMID:
22073149
[PubMed - in process]
- Lasers or light sources for treating port-wine stains.
Faurschou A, Olesen AB, Leonardi-Bee J, Haedersdal M.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Nov 9;11:CD007152.
PMID:
22071834
[PubMed - in process]
- Treating and Downstaging Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Caudate Lobe with Yttrium-90 Radioembolization.
Ibrahim SM, Kulik L, Baker T, Ryu RK, Mulcahy MF, Abecassis M, Salem R, Lewandowski RJ.
Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2011 Nov 9. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22069121
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- catena-Poly[[tetra-kis-(hexa-methyl-phospho-ramide-?O)bis-(nitrato-?O,O')yttrium(III)] [silver(I)-di-?-sulfido-molybdenum(VI)-di-?-sulfido]].
Zhang J.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Sep 1;67(Pt 9):m1206-7. Epub 2011 Aug 6.
PMID:
22065643
[PubMed]
- Yttrium-90 Time-of-Flight PET/CT Is Superior to Bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT for Postradioembolization Imaging of Microsphere Biodistribution.
Kao YH, Tan EH, Ng CE, Goh SW.
Clin Nucl Med. 2011 Dec;36(12):e186-7.
PMID:
22064104
[PubMed - in process]
- End-functionalized Polymerization of 2-Vinylpyridine through Initial C-H Bond Activation of N-Heteroaromatics and Internal Alkynes by Yttrium Ene-diamido Complexes.
Kaneko H, Nagae H, Tsurugi H, Mashima K.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Nov 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22059504
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Catalytic, Enantioselective Intramolecular Hydroamination of Primary Amines Tethered to Di- and Tri-substituted Alkenes.
Chapurina Y, Ibrahim H, Guillot R, Kolodziej E, Collin J, Trifonov A, Schulz E, Hannedouche J.
J Org Chem. 2011 Nov 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22059438
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Size effect of endohedral cluster on fullerene cage: Preparation and structural studies of Y(3)N@C(78)-C(2).
Ma Y, Wang T, Wu J, Feng Y, Xu W, Jiang L, Zheng J, Shu C, Wang C.
Nanoscale. 2011 Nov 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22057827
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- MDCT Necrosis Quantification in the Assessment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Response to Yttrium 90 Radioembolization Therapy: Comparison of Two-dimensional and Volumetric Techniques.
Galizia MS, Töre HG, Chalian H, McCarthy R, Salem R, Yaghmai V.
Acad Radiol. 2011 Nov 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22054801
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Q-switched laser treatment of amiodarone pigmentation.
Bernstein EF.
J Drugs Dermatol. 2011 Nov 1;10(11):1316-9.
PMID:
22052315
[PubMed - in process]
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