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Chromium Yttrium Alloy
Cr Y Alloy
Product Product Code Order or Specifications
Cr-95% Y-5% CR-Y-01-P.05V Contact American Elements
Chromium Yttrium is one of numerous metal alloys sold by American Elements under the tradename AE Alloys™. Generally immediately available in most volumes, AE Alloys™ are available as bar, Ingot, ribbon, wire, shot, sheet, and foil. Ultra high purity and high purity forms also include metal powder, submicron powder and nanoscale, targets for thin film deposition, and pellets for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) applications.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Primary applications include bearing assembly, ballast, casting, step soldering, and radiation shielding.

Chromium(Cr) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbolChromium is a Block D, Group 6, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Chromium's shells is 2, 8, 13, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d5 4s1. In its elemental form chromium's CAS number is 7440-47-3. The chromium atom has a radius of 124.9.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Hexavalent chromium is toxic. Chromium is highly resistant to corrosion. This has led to its use in numerous alloying and steel producing applications. When chromium is added to glass or ceramic glazes, it produces a brilliant green. Chromium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It is also used as a paint pigment for this purpose.Although chromium metal is an essential trace element, hexavalent Elemental Chromiumchromium (Cr(VI)) is especially toxic and carcinogenic. Recently, chromites have formed the basis for cathode compositions Chromium Bohr Modelfor oxygen generation and fuel cell applications. Chromium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed here. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included. Chromium was first discovered by Anders Ekeberg in 1802. Due to its various colorful compounds, Chromium was named after the Greek word 'chroma' meaning color. See Chromium research below.

Yttrium(Y) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbolYttrium is a Block D, Group 3, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Yttrium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 9, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d1 5s2. In its elemental form yttrium's CAS number is 7440-65-5. The yttrium atom has a radius of 177.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Insoluble compounds of Yttrium are non-toxic, although water soluble compounds are somewhat toxic. Yttrium has the highest thermo-dynamic affinity for oxygen of any element. This characteristic is the basis for many of its applications. While not part of the rare earth series, it resembles the heavy rare earths which are sometimes referred to as the “yttrics” for this reason. Another unique characteristic derives from its ability to form crystals with useful properties. Yttrium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Some of the many applications of yttrium include in ceramics for crucibles for molten reactive metals, in florescent lighting phosphors, computer displays and automotive fuel consumption sensors.Yttria stabilized zirconium oxide are used in high temperature applications, such as in thermal plasma sprays to protect aerospace high temperature surfaces and as an electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells. The name Yttrium originated from a Swedish village near Vaxholm called Yttbery where Yttrium was discovered.

Formula CAS No.
Cr
Y		 7440-47-3
7440-65-5
PRODUCT CATALOG AE Alloys™ Foil Submicron & Nanopowder Tolling Ultra High Purity Sputtering Target Crystal Growth Rod, Plate, Powder, etc. Home

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Periodic table of the elements science and academic information, elements and advanced materials data, scientific presentations and all pages, designs, concepts, logos, and color schemes herein are the copyrighted proprietary rights and intellectual property of American Elements. American Elements is a U.S. Registered Trademark. © 1998-2012. American Elements. All rights reserved.
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Recent Research & Development for Chromium

  • trans-Tetra-carbonyl-bis-[tris-(3-fluoro-phen-yl)phosphane]chromium(0). Norlidah MN, Yazid MY, Shawkataly OB, Rosli MM, Fun HK. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1652-m1653. Epub 2011 Nov 2. PMID: 22199480 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Preparation and characterization of La(III) encapsulated silica gel/chitosan composite and its metal uptake studies. Gandhi MR, Meenakshi S. J Hazard Mater. 2011 Nov 28. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22197561 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Electro-migration of heavy metals in an aged electroplating contaminated soil affected by the coexisting hexavalent chromium. Zhang W, Zhuang L, Tong L, Lo IM, Qiu R. Chemosphere. 2011 Dec 23. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22197017 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Angular momentum conservation in dipolar energy transfer. Guo D, Knight TE, McCusker JK. Science. 2011 Dec 23;334(6063):1684-7. PMID: 22194572 [PubMed - in process]

  • Selected Trace Elements in the Sacramento River, California: Occurrence and Distribution. Taylor HE, Antweiler RC, Roth DA, Alpers CN, Dileanis P. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011 Dec 23. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22193863 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Chromium and genomic stability. Wise SS, Wise JP Sr. Mutat Res. 2011 Dec 13. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22192535 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • A Theoretical Evaluation of Ethylene Insertion into Chromium Alkyl Bonds of Cp-Donor based Olefin Polymerization Catalysts. Xu R, Klatt G, Enders M, Koeppel H. J Phys Chem A. 2011 Dec 22. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22191673 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by modified corn stalk: A fixed-bed column study. Chen S, Yue Q, Gao B, Li Q, Xu X, Fu K. Bioresour Technol. 2011 Dec 3. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22189077 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Occurrence of Multidrug-Resistant and Toxic-Metal Tolerant Enterococci in Fresh Feces from Urban Pigeons in Brazil. da Silva VL, Caçador NC, da Silva CD, Fontes CO, Garcia GD, Nicoli JR, Diniz CG. Microbes Environ. 2011 Dec 22. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22188908 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Revision of a tibial baseplate using a customized oxinium component in a case of suspected metal allergy. A case report. Van Opstal N, Verheyden F. Acta Orthop Belg. 2011 Oct;77(5):691-5. PMID: 22187849 [PubMed - in process]

  • Retention Strength of Cobalt-Chromium vs Nickel-Chromium Titanium vs CP Titanium in a Cast Framework Association of Removable Partial Overdenture. Souza JE, Silva NR, Coelho PG, Zavanelli AC, Ferracioli RC, Zavanelli RA. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2011 May 1;12(3):179-86. PMID: 22186813 [PubMed - in process]

  • Metal analysis, phytotoxic, insecticidal and cytotoxic activities of selected medicinal plants of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Khuda F, Iqbal Z, Zakiullah -, Khan A, Nasir F, Muhammad N, Khan JA, Khan MS. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2012 Jan;25(1):51-58. PMID: 22186309 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Correlation between metal allergy and treatment outcomes after ankle fracture fixation. So S, Harris IA, Naylor JM, Adie S, Mittal R. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2011 Dec;19(3):309-13. PMID: 22184160 [PubMed - in process]

  • Enhancement of the acute phase response to a lipopolysaccharide challenge in steers supplemented with chromium. Burdick NC, Bernhard BC, Carroll JA, Rathmann RJ, Johnson BJ. Innate Immun. 2011 Dec 16. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22180563 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Identification and hexavalent chromium reduction characteristics of Pannonibacter phragmitetus. Shi Y, Chai L, Yang Z, Jing Q, Chen R, Chen Y. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng. 2011 Dec 18. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22179413 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Exposure to particulate hexavalent chromium exacerbates allergic asthma pathology. Schneider BC, Constant SL, Patierno SR, Jurjus RA, Ceryak SM. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2011 Dec 9. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22178736 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Circulating levels of metals are related to carotid atherosclerosis in elderly. Lind PM, Olsén L, Lind L. Sci Total Environ. 2011 Dec 15. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22178028 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Highly active nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI)-Fe(3)O(4) nanocomposites for the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions. Lv X, Xu J, Jiang G, Tang J, Xu X. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2011 Dec 1. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22177747 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Airborne concentrations of metals and total dust during solid catalyst loading and unloading operations at a petroleum refinery. Lewis RC, Gaffney SH, Le MH, Unice KM, Paustenbach DJ. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2011 Dec 14. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22177528 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Simultaneous Synthesis of Both Rings of Chromenes via a Benzannulation/o-Quinone Methide Formation/Electrocyclization Cascade. Majumdar N, Korthals KA, Wulff WD. J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Dec 16. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22176537 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Recent Research & Development for Yttrium

  • Bis(?(2)-2-phen-oxy-propionato-?O:O')bis-[(1,10-phenanthroline-?N,N')bis-(2-phen-oxy-propionato-?O,O')ytterbium(III)]. Shen JB, Liu JL, Zhao GL. Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Oct 1;67(Pt 10):m1361. Epub 2011 Sep 14. PMID: 22058692 [PubMed]

  • "Covalency in the 4f Shell of tris-cyclopentadienyl Ytterbium (YbCp3) - a Spectroscopic Evaluation." Denning RG, Harmer JR, Green JC, Irwin M. J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Nov 4. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22053917 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Fingermark detection on non-porous and semi-porous surfaces using YVO(4):Er,Yb luminescent upconverting particles. Ma R, Shimmon R, McDonagh A, Maynard P, Lennard C, Roux C. Forensic Sci Int. 2011 Oct 31. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22047749 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of a Supramolecular Ytterbium(III)-Aqua Complex Featuring Infinite Stacks of C?C Bonds for Photocycloaddition Reactions. Komori-Orisaku K, Yamashita S, Isozaki T, Sugiura K, Koide Y. Chemistry. 2011 Oct 21. doi: 10.1002/chem.201102292. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available. PMID: 22021148 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Label-free in vivo fiber-based optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy. Hajireza P, Shi W, Zemp RJ. Opt Lett. 2011 Oct 15;36(20):4107-9. doi: 10.1364/OL.36.004107. PMID: 22002401 [PubMed - in process]

  • Energy transfer and enhanced 1.54 ?m emission in Erbium-Ytterbium disilicate thin films. Miritello M, Cardile P, Lo Savio R, Priolo F. Opt Express. 2011 Oct 10;19(21):20761-72. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.020761. PMID: 21997086 [PubMed - in process]

  • Photo darkening of rare earth doped silica. Mattsson KE. Opt Express. 2011 Oct 10;19(21):19797-812. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.019797. PMID: 21996988 [PubMed - in process]

  • Beam quality and noise properties of coherently combined ytterbium doped single frequency fiber amplifiers. Tünnermann H, Pöld JH, Neumann J, Kracht D, Willke B, Wessels P. Opt Express. 2011 Sep 26;19(20):19600-6. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.019600. PMID: 21996901 [PubMed - in process]

  • p-Wave Cold Collisions in an Optical Lattice Clock. Lemke ND, von Stecher J, Sherman JA, Rey AM, Oates CW, Ludlow AD. Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Sep 2;107(10):103902. Epub 2011 Aug 30. PMID: 21981504 [PubMed - in process]

  • Mode-locked 0.5 ?J fiber laser at 976 nm. Lhermite J, Lecaplain C, Machinet G, Royon R, Hideur A, Cormier E. Opt Lett. 2011 Oct 1;36(19):3819-21. doi: 10.1364/OL.36.003819. PMID: 21964108 [PubMed - in process]

  • Acid-responsive microcapsules: the loading-unloading processes. Samanta D, Sankar RM, Jaisankar SN, Alam MS, Mandal AB. Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Oct 25;47(43):11975-7. Epub 2011 Sep 30. PMID: 21963934 [PubMed - in process]

  • Electrochemical spectroscopic investigations on the interaction of an ytterbium complex with DNA and their analytical applications such as biosensor. Ilkhani H, Ganjali MR, Arvand M, Hejazi MS, Azimi F, Norouzi P. Int J Biol Macromol. 2011 Dec 1;49(5):1117-23. Epub 2011 Sep 16. PMID: 21939686 [PubMed - in process]

  • A family of 13 tetranuclear zinc(ii)-lanthanide(iii) complexes of a [3 + 3] Schiff-base macrocycle derived from 1,4-diformyl-2,3-dihydroxybenzene. Feltham HL, Klöwer F, Cameron SA, Larsen DS, Lan Y, Tropiano M, Faulkner S, Powell AK, Brooker S. Dalton Trans. 2011 Oct 25;40(43):11425-32. Epub 2011 Sep 21. PMID: 21935549 [PubMed - in process]

  • Generation of 578-nm yellow light over 10 mW by second harmonic generation of an 1156-nm external-cavity diode laser. Lee WK, Park CY, Yu DH, Park SE, Lee SB, Kwon TY. Opt Express. 2011 Aug 29;19(18):17453-61. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.017453. PMID: 21935111 [PubMed - in process]

  • In vivo near-realtime volumetric optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy using a high-repetition-rate nanosecond fiber-laser. Shi W, Hajireza P, Shao P, Forbrich A, Zemp RJ. Opt Express. 2011 Aug 29;19(18):17143-50. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.017143. PMID: 21935076 [PubMed - in process]

  • Self-referenceable frequency comb from a gigahertz diode-pumped solid-state laser. Pekarek S, Südmeyer T, Lecomte S, Kundermann S, Dudley JM, Keller U. Opt Express. 2011 Aug 15;19(17):16491-7. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.016491. PMID: 21935013 [PubMed - in process]

  • Thermal effects in kilowatt all-fiber MOPA. Fan Y, He B, Zhou J, Zheng J, Liu H, Wei Y, Dong J, Lou Q. Opt Express. 2011 Aug 1;19(16):15162-72. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.015162. PMID: 21934878 [PubMed - in process]

  • Background-free broadband CARS spectroscopy from a 1-MHz ytterbium laser. Kumar V, Osellame R, Ramponi R, Cerullo G, Marangoni M. Opt Express. 2011 Aug 1;19(16):15143-8. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.015143. PMID: 21934875 [PubMed - in process]

  • Fabrication and characterization of new Yb-doped zirconia-germano-alumino silicate phase-separated nano-particles based fibers. Kir'yanov AV, Paul MC, Barmenkov YO, Das S, Pal M, Bhadra SK, Zarate LE, Guzman-Chavez AD. Opt Express. 2011 Aug 1;19(16):14823-37. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.014823. PMID: 21934843 [PubMed - in process]

  • White emission of lithium ytterbium tetraphosphate nanocrystals. Strek W, Marciniak L, Bednarkiewicz A, Lukowiak A, Wiglusz R, Hreniak D. Opt Express. 2011 Jul 18;19(15):14083-92. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.014083. PMID: 21934770 [PubMed - in process]

Recent Research & Development for Alloys

  • Tailoring nanostructured, graded, and particle-reinforced Al laminates by accumulative roll bonding. Göken M, Höppel HW. Adv Mater. 2011 Jun 17;23(22-23):2663-8. PMID: 21823248 [PubMed - in process]

  • Highly monodisperse core-shell particles created by solid-state reactions. Radmilovic V, Ophus C, Marquis EA, Rossell MD, Tolley A, Gautam A, Asta M, Dahmen U. Nat Mater. 2011 Aug 7. doi: 10.1038/nmat3077. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21822262 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Aerosol Deposition of Hydroxyapatite and 4-Hexylresorcinol Coatings on Titanium Alloys for Dental Implants. Kim SG, Hahn BD, Park DS, Lee YC, Choi EJ, Chae WS, Baek DH, Choi JY. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011 Aug 6. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21821331 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Progress in the Removal of Di-[2-Ethylhexyl]-Phthalate as Plasticizer in Blood Bags. Simmchen J, Ventura R, Segura J. Transfus Med Rev. 2011 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21820855 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Antibacterial effect of silver-platinum coating for orthodontic appliances. Ryu HS, Bae IH, Lee KG, Hwang HS, Lee KH, Koh JT, Cho JH. Angle Orthod. 2011 Aug 2. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21810004 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Influence of metal alloy and the profile of coronary stents in patients with multivessel coronary disease. Abreu Filho LM, Forte AA, Sumita MK, Favarato D, Meireles GC. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2011;66(6):985-9. PMID: 21808863 [PubMed - in process]

  • A combined arc-melting and tilt-casting furnace for the manufacture of high-purity bulk metallic glass materials. Soinila E, Pihlajama¨ki T, Bossuyt S, Ha¨nninen H. Rev Sci Instrum. 2011 Jul;82(7):073901. PMID: 21806193 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Waste-recycling Monte Carlo with optimal estimates: Application to free energy calculations in alloys. Adjanor G, Athe`nes M, Rodgers JM. J Chem Phys. 2011 Jul 28;135(4):044127. PMID: 21806110 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Role of electronic excitation in the amorphization of ge-sb-te alloys. Li XB, Liu XQ, Liu X, Han D, Zhang Z, Han XD, Sun HB, Zhang SB. Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Jul 1;107(1):015501. Epub 2011 Jun 29. PMID: 21797549 [PubMed - in process]

  • Prediction of the operating point of dendrites growing under coupled thermosolutal control at high growth velocity. Mullis AM. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2011 Jun;83(6-1):061601. Epub 2011 Jun 2. PMID: 21797374 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Metal Anion-Alkyl Ammonium Complexes as Direct Write Precursors to Produce Nanopatterns of Metals, Nitrides, Oxides, Sulfides, And Alloys. Radha B, Kiruthika S, Kulkarni GU. J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Jul 26. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21790160 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Characteristics of InGaN-based concentrator solar cells operating under 150X solar concentration. Yang CC, Jang CH, Sheu JK, Lee ML, Tu SJ, Huang FW, Yeh YH, Lai WC. Opt Express. 2011 Jul 4;19 Suppl 4:A695-700. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.00A695. PMID: 21747536 [PubMed - in process]

  • Determination of the magnetic ground state in the martensite phase of Ni-Mn-Z (Z = In, Sn and Sb) off-stoichiometric Heusler alloys by nonlinear AC susceptibility. Umetsu RY, Fujita A, Ito W, Kanomata T, Kainuma R. J Phys Condens Matter. 2011 Aug 17;23(32):326001. Epub 2011 Jul 25. PMID: 21785185 [PubMed - in process]

  • Effects of phase constitution on magnetic susceptibility and mechanical properties of Zr-rich Zr-Mo alloys. Suyalatu, Kondo R, Tsutsumi Y, Doi H, Nomura N, Hanawa T. Acta Biomater. 2011 Jul 19. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21784180 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Bioactive glass microspheres as osteopromotive inlays in macrotextured surfaces of Ti and CoCr alloy bone implants: Trapezoidal surface grooves without inlay most efficient in resisting torsional forces. Keränen P, Moritz N, Alm JJ, Ylänen H, Kommonen B, Aro HT. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2011 Oct;4(7):1483-91. Epub 2011 May 30. PMID: 21783158 [PubMed - in process]

  • Effect of the combination of dithiooctanoate monomers and acidic adhesive monomers on adhesion to precious metals, precious metal alloys and non-precious metal alloys. Ikemura K, Kojima K, Endo T, Kadoma Y. Dent Mater J. 2011 Jul 28;30(4):469-77. Epub 2011 Jul 21. PMID: 21778614 [PubMed - in process]

  • Nanoporous PtAg and PtCu alloys with hollow ligaments for enhanced electrocatalysis and glucose biosensing. Xu C, Liu Y, Su F, Liu A, Qiu H. Biosens Bioelectron. 2011 Sep 15;27(1):160-6. Epub 2011 Jul 7. PMID: 21778046 [PubMed - in process]

  • Pt/Cr and Pt/Ni catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction: to alloy or not to alloy? Escaño MC, Gyenge E, Nakanishi H, Kasai H. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2011 Apr;11(4):2944-51. PMID: 21776658 [PubMed - in process]

  • In vitro evaluation of the electrochemical behaviour of stainless steel and Ni-Ti orthodontic archwires at different temperatures. Pakshir M, Bagheri T, Kazemi MR. Eur J Orthod. 2011 Jul 19. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21771804 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Multifrequency atomic force microscopy: compositional imaging with electrostatic force measurements. Magonov S, Alexander J. Microsc Microanal. 2011 Aug;17(4):587-97. Epub 2011 Jul 19. PMID: 21771386 [PubMed - in process]

  • Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of intervertebral test spacers: an experimental comparison of magnesium versus titanium and carbon fiber reinforced polymers as biomaterials. Ernstberger T, Buchhorn G, Heidrich G. Ir J Med Sci. 2009 Aug 20. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19693644 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Ultrasonic irradiation and its application for improving the corrosion resistance of phosphate coatings on aluminum alloys. Sheng M, Wang C, Zhong Q, Wei Y, Wang Y. Ultrason Sonochem. 2010 Jan;17(1):21-5. Epub 2009 Aug 6. PMID: 19692286 [PubMed - in process]

  • Plasma reduction of bronze corrosion developed under long-term artificial ageing. Novakovic J, Papadopoulou O, Vassiliou P, Filippaki E, Bassiakos Y. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2009 Aug 15. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19685234 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • First-principles studies on alloying and simplified thermodynamic aqueous chemical stability of calcium-, zinc-, aluminum-, yttrium- and iron-doped magnesium alloys. Velikokhatnyi OI, Kumta PN. Acta Biomater. 2009 Aug 14. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19683600 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

 

 

 

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