Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Bismuth is a Block P, Group 15, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Bismuth's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3. In its elemental form bismuth's CAS number is 7440-69-9. The bismuth atom has a radius of 154.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Bismuth is not toxic. Bismuth is the most diamagnetic of all metals, and the thermal conductivity is lower than any metal, except mercury. Bismuth is not toxic. It has a high electrical resistance, and has the highest Hall Effect of any metal (i.e., greatest increase in electrical resistance when placed in a magnetic field). Bismuth expands on solidification. This property makes bismuth alloys particularly suited to the making of sharp castings of objects subject to damage by high temperatures. With other metals such as tin, cadmium , etc., bismuth forms low-melting alloys which are extensively used for safety devices in fire detection and extinguishing systems. Bismuth is used in producing malleable irons and is finding use as a catalyst for making acrylic fibers. When bismuth is heated in air it burns with a blue flame, forming yellow fumes of the oxide. The metal is also used as a thermocoupling material, and has found application as a carrier for 235 U or 233 U fuel in nuclear reactors. Its soluble salts are characterized by forming unsoluble basic salts on the addition of water, a property sometimes used in detection work. Bismuth oxychloride is used extensively in cosmetics. Bismuth was first discovered by Early Man. The name Bismuth originates from the German word 'wissmuth' meaning white mass. See Bismuth research below.
Strontium is a Block S, Group 2, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Strontium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 5s2. In its elemental form strontium's CAS number is 7440-24-6. The strontium atom has a radius of 215.1.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. The non-radioactive isotopes of Strontium are not toxic. Strontium has low tech applications as an additive to flares and pyrotechnics because of the bright crimson flame produced by its salts. Strontium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It also has many high technology applications because of its high refractive index as a titanate in glass, as a "getter" in electron tubes and as a dopant for numerous perovskite formulations to produce cathodes for oxygen generation or solid oxide fuel cells. Historically the primary use of strontium was to produce CRT glass for color television and computer tubes. Strontium was first discovered by A. Crawford in 1790. Strontium was named after the Scottish town it was discovered in, Strontian. See Strontium research below.
Calcium is a Block S, Group 2, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Calcium's shells is 2, 8, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 4s2. In its elemental form calcium's CAS number is 7440-70-2. The calcium atom has a radius of 197.4.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Calcium is a reactive, soft metal. Calcium is a member of the alkaline earth elements. Calcium is an essential metal for living organisms and is non-toxic. Its primary commercial application is in its metallic form as a reducing agent in the production of other metals. In iron and steel production it is added to the melt to remove oxygen, sulfur and carbon. The various calcium compounds have wide application in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics. It is used in small doses in alloys of copper and beryllium. It is used in dietary supplements and food production because it has been shown to improve bone and dental health. Calcium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed here. Calcium was first discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1808. The name calcium originates from the Latin word 'calics' meaning lime. See Calcium research below.
Copper is a Block D, Group 11, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Copper's shells is 2, 8, 18, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s1. In its elemental form copper's CAS number is 7440-50-8. The copper atom has a radius of 127.8 .pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 140.pm. Copper is an essential trace element in animals and plants, but in excess copper is toxic. Due to its high electrical conductivity, large amounts of copper are used by the electrical industry for wire. Of all pure metals, only silver has a higher electrical conductivity. Copper is also resistant to corrosion caused by moisture, making it a widely used material in pipes, coins, and jewelry. Copper is often too soft for its applications, so it is incorporated in numerous alloys. For example, brass is a copper-zinc alloy, and bronze is a copper-tin alloy. Copper sulfate (CuSO 4·H2O), also known as blue vitrol, is the most well-known copper compound. It is used as an agricultural poison, an algicide, and as a pigment for inks. Cuprous chloride (CuCl) is a powder used to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2). Copper cyanide (CuCN) is often used in electroplating applications. Copper is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Copper was first discovered by Early Man. The origin of the word copper comes from the Latin word 'cuprium' which translates as "metal of Cyprus". Cyprus, a Mediterranean island, was known as an ancient source of mined copper. See Copper research below.
Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in Brazil: clarithromycin is still a good option.
Jaime Natan E, Silva FM, Barbuti RC, Navarro-Rodriguez T, Moraes-Filho JP, Pedrazzoli J Jr.
Arq Gastroenterol. 2011 Dec;48(4):261-4.
PMID:
22147131
[PubMed - in process]
Towards better photocatalysts: first-principles studies of the alloying effects on the photocatalytic activities of bismuth oxyhalides under visible light.
Zhang H, Liu L, Zhou Z.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Dec 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22146949
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A stannum-bismuth composite film electrode for simultaneous determination of zinc(ii) and cadmium(ii) using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry.
Li NB, Zhu WW, Luo JH, Luo HQ.
Analyst. 2011 Dec 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22145153
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Conductive scanning probe microscopy of nanostructured Bi(2)Te(3).
Souier T, Li G, Santos S, Stefancich M, Chiesa M.
Nanoscale. 2011 Dec 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22143255
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Near-infrared ultrabroadband luminescence spectra properties of subvalent bismuth in CsI halide crystals.
Su L, Zhao H, Li H, Zheng L, Ren G, Xu J, Ryba-Romanowski W, Lisiecki R, Solarz P.
Opt Lett. 2011 Dec 1;36(23):4551-3. doi: 10.1364/OL.36.004551.
PMID:
22139239
[PubMed - in process]
Bismuth Shields for CT Dose Reduction: Do They Help or Hurt?
McCollough CH, Wang J, Berland LL.
J Am Coll Radiol. 2011 Dec;8(12):878-9. No abstract available.
PMID:
22137008
[PubMed - in process]
Treatment and diagnostic accuracy of neurosyphilis at Boston City Hospital's Neurological Unit, 1930-1979.
Patterson D, Vilensky JA, Robertson WM, Berger J.
J Neurol Sci. 2011 Nov 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22129939
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Three novel Bi(iii) complexes with in situ generated anilate ligands: unusual oxidation of cyclohexanedione to dihydroxy benzoquinone.
Gao H, Zhang XM.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Nov 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22124341
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Microfabricated disposable lab-on-a-chip sensors with integrated bismuth microelectrode arrays for voltammetric determination of trace metals.
Kokkinos C, Economou A, Raptis I.
Anal Chim Acta. 2012 Jan 13;710:1-8. Epub 2011 Nov 3.
PMID:
22123106
[PubMed - in process]
Novel in situ N-Doped (BiO)2CO3 Hierarchical Microspheres Self-Assembled by Nanosheets as Efficient and Durable Visible Light Driven Photocatalyst.
Dong F, Sun Y, Fu M, Ho WK, Lee SC, Wu Z.
Langmuir. 2011 Nov 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22122119
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
From {Bi(22) O(26) } to Chiral Ligand-Protected {Bi(38) O(45) }-Based Bismuth Oxido Clusters.
Mansfeld D, Miersch L, Rüffer T, Schaarschmidt D, Lang H, Böhle T, Troff RW, Schalley CA, Müller J, Mehring M.
Chemistry. 2011 Nov 25. doi: 10.1002/chem.201102437. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22120957
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Status of development of gamma-ray detector response function code or GAMDRF.
Li F, Han X.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2011 Nov 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22118837
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Metronidazole-based quadruple versus standard triple therapy: which is better as first-line therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication?
Suzuki H, Matsuzaki J, Hibi T.
Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2011 Sep;4(5):579-82.
PMID:
22114887
[PubMed - in process]
Characteristics of rational harmonic mode-locked short-cavity fiber ring laser using a bismuth-oxide-based erbium-doped fiber and a bismuth-oxide-based highly nonlinear fiber.
Fukuchi Y, Maeda J.
Opt Express. 2011 Nov 7;19(23):22502-9. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.022502.
PMID:
22109128
[PubMed - in process]
Fabrication and supercontinuum generation in dispersion flattened bismuth microstructured optical fiber.
Zhang WQ, Ebendorff-Heidepriem H, Monro TM, Afshar V S.
Opt Express. 2011 Oct 24;19(22):21135-44. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.021135.
PMID:
22108964
[PubMed - in process]
Structural motifs in phenylbismuth heterocyclic carboxylates - secondary interactions leading to oligomers.
Anjaneyulu O, Maddileti D, Kumara Swamy KC.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Nov 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22105914
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Influences of Oxygen Pressure on Optical Properties and Interband Electronic Transitions in Multiferroic Bismuth Ferrite Nanocrystalline Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition.
Jiang K, Zhu J, Wu J, Sun J, Hu Z, Chu J.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2011 Nov 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22103473
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Hydride generation in-atomizer collection atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of antimony in acetic acid leachates from pewter cups.
Dessuy MB, Kratzer J, Vale MG, Welz B, Dedina J.
Talanta. 2011 Dec 15;87:255-61. Epub 2011 Oct 17.
PMID:
22099676
[PubMed - in process]
Preparation and characterization of bismuth oxide nanoparticles-multiwalled carbon nanotube composite for the development of horseradish peroxidase based H(2)O(2) biosensor.
Periasamy AP, Yang S, Chen SM.
Talanta. 2011 Dec 15;87:15-23. Epub 2011 Oct 5.
PMID:
22099642
[PubMed - in process]
Etiopathogenetic principles and peptic ulcer disease classification.
Tytgat GN.
Dig Dis. 2011;29(5):454-8. Epub 2011 Nov 16.
PMID:
22095009
[PubMed - in process]
Recent Research & Development for Strontium
[Pain Control for Bone Metastasis Using Radioactive Strontium.]
Yamaguchi K.
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2010 Oct;37(10):1868-1871. Japanese. PMID: 20948249 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Rapid sequential determination of Pu, (90)Sr and (241)Am nuclides in environmental samples using an anion exchange and Sr-Spec resins.
Lee MH, Ahn HJ, Park JH, Park YJ, Song K.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2010 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20947364 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Characterization of lead, barium and strontium leachability from foam glasses elaborated using waste cathode ray-tube glasses.
Yot PG, Méar FO.
J Hazard Mater. 2010 Sep 17. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20940082 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Cost-effectiveness of Denosumab for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Jönsson B, Ström O, Eisman JA, Papaioannou A, Siris ES, Tosteson A, Kanis JA.
Osteoporos Int. 2010 Oct 9. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20936401 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Raman spectroscopic study of mixed carbonate materials.
Kaabar W, Bott S, Devonshire R.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2010 Sep 17. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20934906 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Strontium Nitrate Extraction to Ionic Liquids by a Crown Ether: A Molecular Dynamics Study of Aqueous Interfaces with C(4)mim(+)- vs C(8)mim(+)-Based Ionic Liquids.
Chaumont A, Wipff G.
J Phys Chem B. 2010 Oct 8. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20932053 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Biosurfactant production and growth kinetics of bacteria in a designer marine medium: improved physiochemical properties.
Sivapathasekaran C, Mukherjee S, Sen R.
Biotechnol J. 2010 Oct;5(10):1060-8.PMID: 20931602 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Transport of Strontium and Cesium in Simulated Hanford Tank Waste Leachate through Quartz Sand under Saturated and Unsaturated Flow.
Rod KA, Um W, Flury M.
Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20886862 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Effects of Aluminum Exposure on Bone Mineral Density, Mineral, and Trace Elements in Rats.
Li X, Hu C, Zhu Y, Sun H, Li Y, Zhang Z.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2010 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20886309 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Preparation and characterization of trace elements-multidoped injectable biomimetic materials for minimally invasive treatment of osteoporotic bone trauma.
Yang X, Gan Y, Gao X, Zhao L, Gao C, Zhang X, Feng Y, Ting K, Gou Z.
J Biomed Mater Res A. 2010 Sep 28. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20878988 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Gentamicin-loaded strontium-containing hydroxyapatite bioactive bone cement--an efficient bioactive antibiotic drug delivery system.
Liu WC, Wong CT, Fong MK, Cheung WS, Kao RY, Luk KD, Lu WW.
J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2010 Nov;95(2):397-406.PMID: 20878924 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Dietary strontium increases bone mineral density in intact zebrafish (Danio rerio): a potential model system for bone research.
Siccardi AJ 3rd, Padgett-Vasquez S, Garris HW, Nagy TR, D'Abramo LR, Watts SA.
Zebrafish. 2010 Sep;7(3):267-73.PMID: 20874492 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Impact of Treatments for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (Bisphosphonates, Parathyroid Hormone, Strontium Ranelate, and Denosumab) on Bone Quality: A Systematic Review.
Gallacher SJ, Dixon T.
Calcif Tissue Int. 2010 Sep 26. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20872215 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Sustained vertebral antifracture efficacy of oral anti-osteoporotic therapies in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Brandi ML.
Curr Med Res Opin. 2010 Sep 21. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20858031 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Laser cooling of a diatomic molecule.
Shuman ES, Barry JF, Demille D.
Nature. 2010 Oct 14;467(7317):820-3. Epub 2010 Sep 19.PMID: 20852614 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Radiostrontium and radium analysis in low-level environmental samples following a multi-stage semi-automated chromatographic sequential separation.
St-Amant N, Whyte JC, Rousseau ME, Lariviere D, Kurt Ungar R, Johnson S.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2010 Aug 25. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20846869 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Bone anabolic versus bone anticatabolic treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Lyritis GP, Georgoulas T, Zafeiris CP.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Sep;1205(1):277-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05666.x. Review.PMID: 20840284 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
Determination and Evaluation of the Mineral Composition of Obi (Cola acuminate).
Martins VS, de Jesus RM, da Silva EG, Fragoso WD, Ferreira SL.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2010 Sep 14. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20838923 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Effects of strontium in modified biomaterials.
Zhang W, Shen Y, Pan H, Lin K, Liu X, Darvell BW, Lu WW, Chang J, Deng L, Wang D, Huang W.
Acta Biomater. 2010 Sep 6. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20826233 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Prevention of preterm labour: 2011 update on tocolysis.
Hubinont C, Debieve F.
J Pregnancy. 2011;2011:941057. Epub 2011 Nov 15.
PMID:
22175022
[PubMed - in process]
Efficient conversion of astrocytes to functional midbrain dopaminergic neurons using a single polycistronic vector.
Addis RC, Hsu FC, Wright RL, Dichter MA, Coulter DA, Gearhart JD.
PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28719. Epub 2011 Dec 9.
PMID:
22174877
[PubMed - in process]
Dysferlin Interacts with Histone Deacetylase 6 and Increases alpha-Tubulin Acetylation.
Di Fulvio S, Azakir BA, Therrien C, Sinnreich M.
PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28563. Epub 2011 Dec 8.
PMID:
22174839
[PubMed - in process]
Regulation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Exon IV Transcription through Calcium Responsive Elements in Cortical Neurons.
Zheng F, Zhou X, Luo Y, Xiao H, Wayman G, Wang H.
PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28441. Epub 2011 Dec 9.
PMID:
22174809
[PubMed - in process]
Adeno-associated virus-mediated rescue of the cognitive defects in a mouse model for angelman syndrome.
Daily JL, Nash K, Jinwal U, Golde T, Rogers J, Peters MM, Burdine RD, Dickey C, Banko JL, Weeber EJ.
PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e27221. Epub 2011 Dec 9.
PMID:
22174738
[PubMed - in process]
Nifedipine Protects INS-1 ß-Cell from High Glucose-Induced ER Stress and Apoptosis.
Wang Y, Gao L, Li Y, Chen H, Sun Z.
Int J Mol Sci. 2011;12(11):7569-80. Epub 2011 Nov 7.
PMID:
22174617
[PubMed - in process]
Chitosan Fibers Modified with HAp/ß-TCP Nanoparticles.
Wawro D, Pighinelli L.
Int J Mol Sci. 2011;12(11):7286-300. Epub 2011 Oct 25.
PMID:
22174598
[PubMed - in process]
Mild and moderate pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease is associated with increased coronary artery calcium.
Roy SK, Cespedes A, Li D, Choi TY, Budoff MJ.
Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2011;7:719-24. Epub 2011 Dec 2.
PMID:
22174582
[PubMed - in process]
Ambulatory blood pressure response to triple therapy with an angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB), calcium-channel blocker (CCB), and HCTZ versus dual therapy with an ARB and HCTZ.
Duprez D, Ferdinand K, Purkayastha D, Samuel R, Wright R.
Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2011;7:701-8. Epub 2011 Nov 24.
PMID:
22174580
[PubMed - in process]
Leukotriene E4 Activates Human Th2 Cells for Exaggerated Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in Response to Prostaglandin D2.
Xue L, Barrow A, Fleming VM, Hunter MG, Ogg G, Klenerman P, Pettipher R.
J Immunol. 2011 Dec 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22174450
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Association Between Depression and Vascular Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
Greco CM, Li T, Sattar A, Kao AH, Danchenko N, Edmundowicz D, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Tracy RP, Kuller LH, Manzi S.
J Rheumatol. 2011 Dec 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22174200
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A rare electrocardiographic manifestation of a rare form of multiple electrolyte disturbances: hyperparathyroid crisis.
Hajsadeghi S, Chitsazan M, Miresmail SJ.
Acta Med Iran. 2011 Dec;49(12):824-7.
PMID:
22174173
[PubMed - in process]
A cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of calcium metabolic disorder in malignant childhood cancers in patients admitted to the pediatric ward of vali-asr hospital.
Moayeri H, Oloomi Z, Sambo SA.
Acta Med Iran. 2011 Dec;49(12):818-23.
PMID:
22174172
[PubMed - in process]
Study to Evaluate Two Dosage Regimens of Vitamin D through an Academic Year in Middle School Girls: a Randomized Trial.
Shakiba M, Ghadir M, Nafei Z, Akhavan Karbasi S, Lotfi MH, Shajari A.
Acta Med Iran. 2011 Dec;49(12):780-3.
PMID:
22174164
[PubMed - in process]
Oxidative stress due to aluminium exposure induces eryptosis which is prevented by erythropoietin.
Vota DM, Crisp RL, Nesse AB, Vittori DC.
J Cell Biochem. 2011 Dec 15. doi: 10.1002/jcb.24026. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22174104
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Parameters Affecting the Efficient Delivery of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Materials and Gold Nanorods into Plant Tissues by the Biolistic Method.
Martin-Ortigosa S, Valenstein JS, Sun W, Moeller L, Fang N, Trewyn BG, Lin VS, Wang K.
Small. 2011 Dec 16. doi: 10.1002/smll.201101294. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22174078
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Cell Excitability Necessary for Male Mating Behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans is Coordinated by Interactions Between BK and EAG Family K+ Channels.
Leboeuf B, Garcia LR.
Genetics. 2011 Dec 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22174070
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Dantrolene rescues arrhythmogenic RYR2 defect in a patient-specific stem cell model of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia.
Jung CB, Moretti A, Schnitzler MM, Iop L, Storch U, Bellin M, Dorn T, Ruppenthal S, Pfeiffer S, Goedel A, Dirschinger RJ, Seyfarth M, Lam JT, Sinnecker D, Gudermann T, Lipp P, Laugwitz KL.
EMBO Mol Med. 2011 Dec 15. doi: 10.1002/emmm.201100194. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22174035
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Vitamin D Regulates Anti-Mullerian Hormone Expression in Granulosa Cells of the Hen.
Wojtusik J, Johnson PA.
Biol Reprod. 2011 Dec 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22174023
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Mechanistic involvement of the calpain-calpastatin system in Alzheimer neuropathology.
Higuchi M, Iwata N, Matsuba Y, Takano J, Suemoto T, Maeda J, Ji B, Ono M, Staufenbiel M, Suhara T, Saido TC.
FASEB J. 2011 Dec 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22173972
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Altered intracellular localization and valosin-containing protein (p97 VCP) interaction underlie ATP7A-related distal motor neuropathy.
Yi L, Donsante A, Kennerson ML, Mercer JF, Garbern JY, Kaler SG.
Hum Mol Genet. 2011 Dec 30. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22210628
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Chitinolytic and Chitosanolytic Activities from Crude Cellulase Extract Produced by A. niger Grown on Apple Pomace Through Koji Fermentation.
Dhillon GS, Brar SK, Kaur S, Valero JR, Verma M.
J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2011 Dec;21(12):1312-21.
PMID:
22210619
[PubMed - in process]
Structural and functional recovery of microbial biofilms after a decrease in copper exposure: Influence of the presence of pristine communities.
Lambert AS, Morin S, Artigas J, Volat B, Coquery M, Neyra M, Pesce S.
Aquat Toxicol. 2011 Dec 14;109C:118-126. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22210500
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effects of copper on osmoregulation in sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus acclimated to different salinities.
Adeyemi JA, Deaton LE, Pesacreta TC, Klerks PL.
Aquat Toxicol. 2011 Dec 14;109C:111-117. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22210499
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Characterization of the Chitinolytic Machinery of Enterococcus faecalis V583 and High-Resolution Structure of Its Oxidative CBM33 Enzyme.
Vaaje-Kolstad G, Bøhle LA, Gåseidnes S, Dalhus B, Bjørås M, Mathiesen G, Eijsink VG.
J Mol Biol. 2011 Dec 22. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22210154
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Electrochemistry of copper(II) induced complexes in mycorrhizal maize plant tissues.
Zitka O, Merlos MA, Adam V, Ferrol N, Pohanka M, Hubalek J, Zehnalek J, Trnkova L, Kizek R.
J Hazard Mater. 2011 Dec 13. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22209587
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The metal binding abilities of Megathura crenulata metallothionein (McMT) in the frame of Gastropoda MTs.
Pérez-Rafael S, Mezger A, Lieb B, Dallinger R, Capdevila M, Palacios O, Atrian S.
J Inorg Biochem. 2011 Dec 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22209022
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Photoluminescence quenching/recovery kinetics of [Ru(bpy)(2)(tatp)](2+) and [Ru(bpy)(2)(dmtatp)](2+) intercalated within DNA by copper(II) ions and EDTA.
Ji S, Chen M, Gan G, Li H, Li W.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2011 Dec 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22208960
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Peculiarities of copper binding to alpha-synuclein.
Ahmad A, Burns CS, Fink AL, Uversky VN.
J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2012 Feb;29(4):825-42.
PMID:
22208282
[PubMed - in process]
Role of Vitamin C and E Supplementation on IL-6 in response to Training.
Yfanti C, Fischer CP, Nielsen S, Akerström T, Nielsen AR, Veskoukis AS, Kouretas D, Lykkesfeldt J, Pilegaard H, Pedersen BK.
J Appl Physiol. 2011 Dec 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22207723
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Zinc, Ferritin, Magnesium and Copper in a group of Egyptian Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
Mahmoud MM, El-Mazary AA, Maher RM, Saber MM.
Ital J Pediatr. 2011 Dec 29;37(1):60. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22206662
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Intramolecular C-H Amination Leading to Imidazobenzimidazole Derivatives.
Wang X, Jin Y, Zhao Y, Zhu L, Fu H.
Org Lett. 2011 Dec 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22206482
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
High-Throughput Graphene Imaging on Arbitrary Substrates with Widefield Raman Spectroscopy.
Havener RW, Ju SY, Brown L, Wang Z, Wojcik M, Ruiz-Vargas CS, Park J.
ACS Nano. 2011 Dec 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22206260
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Triarylboron-Functionalized Cu(II) Carboxylate Paddlewheel Complexes.
Blight BA, Stewart AF, Wang N, Lu JS, Wang S.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Dec 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22206219
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Application of a topical biomimetic electrical signaling technology to photo-aging: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a galvanic zinc-copper complex.
Chantalat J, Bruning E, Sun Y, Liu JC.
J Drugs Dermatol. 2012 Jan 1;11(1):30-7.
PMID:
22206074
[PubMed - in process]
Assessment of Metal Pollution in Soils From a Former Havana (Cuba) Solid Waste Open Dump.
Díaz Rizo O, Hernández Merlo M, Echeverría Castillo F, Arado López JO.
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011 Dec 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22205471
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Coordination chemistry of copper proteins: How nature handles a toxic cargo for essential function.
Rubino JT, Franz KJ.
J Inorg Biochem. 2011 Dec 3;107(1):129-143. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22204943
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Palm oil fruit shells as biosorbent for copper removal from water and wastewater: Experiments and sorption models.
Hossain MA, Ngo HH, Guo WS, Nguyen TV.
Bioresour Technol. 2011 Dec 9. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22204888
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effective and reversible DNA condensation induced by bifunctional molecules containing macrocyclic polyamines and naphthyl moieties.
Yan H, Li ZF, Guo ZF, Lu ZL, Wang F, Wu LZ.
Bioorg Med Chem. 2011 Dec 8. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22204742
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Fish quarantine: current practices in public zoos and aquaria.
Hadfield CA, Clayton LA.
J Zoo Wildl Med. 2011 Dec;42(4):641-50.
PMID:
22204059
[PubMed - in process]
Proud sponsors of Aeromat 2012. Please join us and our customers & co-sponsors Boeing and ATI on
June 18-20, 2012
in Charlotte, North Carolina
Bismuth is a Block P, Group 15, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Bismuth's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3. In its elemental form bismuth's CAS number is 7440-69-9. The bismuth atom has a radius of 154.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Bismuth is not toxic. Bismuth is the most diamagnetic of all metals, and the thermal conductivity is lower than any metal, except mercury. Bismuth is not toxic. It has a high electrical resistance, and has the highest Hall Effect of any metal (i.e., greatest increase in electrical resistance when placed in a magnetic field). Bismuth expands on solidification. This property makes bismuth alloys particularly suited to the making of sharp castings of objects subject to damage by high temperatures. With other metals
such as tin, cadmium , etc., bismuth forms low-melting alloys which 
are extensively used for safety devices in fire detection and extinguishing systems. Bismuth is used in producing malleable irons and is finding use as a catalyst for making acrylic fibers. When bismuth is heated in air it burns with a blue flame, forming yellow fumes of the oxide. The metal is also used as a thermocoupling material, and has found application as a carrier for 235 U or 233 U fuel in nuclear reactors. Its soluble salts are characterized by forming unsoluble basic salts on the addition of water, a property sometimes used in detection work. Bismuth oxychloride is used extensively in cosmetics. Bismuth was first discovered by Early Man. The name Bismuth originates from the German word 'wissmuth' meaning white mass. See Bismuth research below. 
Strontium is a Block S, Group 2, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Strontium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 5s2. In its elemental form strontium's CAS number is 7440-24-6. The strontium atom has a radius of 215.1.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. The non-radioactive isotopes of Strontium are not toxic. Strontium has low tech applications as an additive to flares and pyrotechnics because of the bright crimson flame
produced by its salts. Strontium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It also has many high technology applications because of its high refractive index as a titanate in glass, as a "getter" in 
electron tubes and as a dopant for numerous perovskite formulations to produce cathodes for oxygen generation or solid oxide fuel cells. Historically the primary use of strontium was to produce CRT glass for color television and computer tubes. Strontium was first discovered by A. Crawford in 1790. Strontium was named after the Scottish town it was discovered in, Strontian. See Strontium research below. 
Calcium is a Block S, Group 2, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Calcium's shells is 2, 8, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 4s2. In its elemental form calcium's CAS number is 7440-70-2. The calcium atom has a radius of 197.4.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Calcium is a reactive, soft metal. Calcium is a member of the alkaline earth elements. Calcium is an essential metal for living organisms and is non-toxic. Its primary commercial application is in its metallic form as a reducing 
agent in the production of other metals. In iron and steel production it is added to the melt to remove oxygen, sulfur and carbon. The various 
calcium compounds have wide application in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics. It is used in small doses in alloys of copper and beryllium. It is used in dietary supplements and food production because it has been shown to improve bone and dental health. Calcium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its High Purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed here. Calcium was first discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1808. The name calcium originates from the Latin word 'calics' meaning lime. See Calcium research below.
Copper is a Block D, Group 11, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Copper's shells is 2, 8, 18, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s1. In its elemental form copper's CAS number is 7440-50-8. The copper atom has a radius of 127.8 .pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 140.pm. Copper is an essential trace element in animals and plants, but in excess copper is toxic. Due to its high electrical conductivity, large amounts of copper are used by the electrical industry for wire. Of all pure metals, only silver has a higher electrical conductivity. Copper is also resistant to corrosion caused by moisture, making it a widely used material in pipes, coins, and jewelry. Copper is often too soft for its applications, so it is incorporated in numerous alloys. For example, brass is a copper-zinc alloy, and bronze is a copper-tin alloy. Copper sulfate (CuSO 4·H2O), also known as blue vitrol, is the most well-known 
copper compound. It is used as 
an agricultural poison, an algicide, and as a pigment for inks. Cuprous chloride (CuCl) is a powder used to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2). Copper cyanide (CuCN) is often used in electroplating applications. Copper is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Copper was first discovered by Early Man. The origin of the word copper comes from the Latin word 'cuprium' which translates as "metal of Cyprus". Cyprus, a Mediterranean island, was known as an ancient source of mined copper. See Copper research below. 
