Dysprosium Bromide Hydrate is a highly water soluble crystalline Dysprosium source for uses compatible with Bromides and lower (acidic) pH. Most metal bromide compounds are water soluble for uses in water treatment, chemical analysis and in ultra high purity for certain crystal growth applications. Bromide in an aqueous solution can be detected by adding Dysprosium disulfide (CS2) and chlorine. Dysprosium Bromide Hydrate is generally immediately available in most volumes. Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards. Nanoscale (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots) elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Dysprosium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Dysprosium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f10 6s2. In its elemental form dysprosium's CAS number is 7429-91-6. The dysprosium atom has a radius of 175.2.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Dysprosium is moderately toxic. Dysprosium is most commonly used in neodymium-iron-boron high strength permanent magnets. Dysprosium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. While it has one of the highest magnetic moments of any of the rare earths (10.6µB), this has not resulted in an ability to perform on its own as a practical alternative to neodymium compositions. It is however now an essential additive in NdFeB production. It is also used in special ceramic compositions based on BaTiO formulations. Recent research has examined the use of dysprosium in dysprosium-iron-garnet (DyIG) and silicon implanted with dysprosium and holmium to form donor centers. Dysprosium is added to various advanced optical formulations due to the fact that it emits in the 470-500 and 570-600 nm wavelengths. Dysprosium was first discovered by Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1886. The element name originates from the Greek word 'dysprositos' meaning hard to get at. See Dysprosium research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Selected Trace Elements in the Sacramento River, California: Occurrence and Distribution.
Taylor HE, Antweiler RC, Roth DA, Alpers CN, Dileanis P.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011 Dec 23. [Epub ahead of print]
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22193863
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High energy electron beams characterization using CaSO(4):Dy+PTFE Phosphors for clinical therapy applications.
Rivera T, Espinoza A, Von SM, Alvarez R, Jiménez Y.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2011 Dec 13. [Epub ahead of print]
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22182630
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Strongly dipolar bose-einstein condensate of dysprosium.
Lu M, Burdick NQ, Youn SH, Lev BL.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Nov 4;107(19):190401. Epub 2011 Oct 31.
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Lipophilic phosphonium-lanthanide compounds with magnetic, luminescent, and tumor targeting properties.
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J Inorg Biochem. 2011 Nov 3;107(1):40-46. [Epub ahead of print]
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Differential genotoxicity of chemical properties and particle size of rare metal and metal oxide nanoparticles.
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J Appl Toxicol. 2012 Jan;32(1):72-80. doi: 10.1002/jat.1719. Epub 2011 Aug 23.
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22162085
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A Discrete Dysprosium Trigonal Prism Showing Single-Molecule Magnet Behaviour.
Tian H, Wang M, Zhao L, Guo YN, Guo Y, Tang J, Liu Z.
Chemistry. 2011 Dec 12. doi: 10.1002/chem.201102547. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22161973
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Synthesis, characterisation and magnetic study of a cyano-substituted dysprosium double decker single-molecule magnet.
Waters M, Moro F, Krivokapic I, McMaster J, Slageren JV.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Dec 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22146842
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Molecular Structure and Vibrational Spectra of Mixed MDyX(4) (M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; X = F, Cl, Br, I) Vapor Complexes: A Computational and Matrix-Isolation Infrared Spectroscopic Study.
Groen CP, Kovács A, Varga Z, Hargittai M.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Dec 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22136352
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Quadruple-CO(3)(2-) bridged octanuclear dysprosium(iii) compound showing single-molecule magnet behaviour.
Tian H, Zhao L, Guo YN, Guo Y, Tang J, Liu Z.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2012 Jan 18;48(5):708-10. Epub 2011 Dec 1.
PMID:
22129652
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Salen-based coordination polymers of iron and the rare Earth elements.
Bhunia A, Lan Y, Mereacre V, Gamer MT, Powell AK, Roesky PW.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Dec 19;50(24):12697-704. Epub 2011 Nov 14.
PMID:
22082051
[PubMed - in process]
Novel lanthanide-based polymeric chains and corresponding ultrafast dynamics in solution.
Thielemann DT, Klinger M, Wolf TJ, Lan Y, Wernsdorfer W, Busse M, Roesky PW, Unterreiner AN, Powell AK, Junk PC, Deacon GB.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Dec 5;50(23):11990-2000. Epub 2011 Nov 8.
PMID:
22066577
[PubMed - in process]
Tetra-kis(?-2-phen-oxy-propionato)-?O,O':O';?O:O,O',?O:O'-bis-[(1,10-phenanthroline-?N,N')(2-phen-oxy-propionato-?O,O')praseodymium(III)].
Shen JB, Liu JL, Zhao GL.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Sep 1;67(Pt 9):m1321. Epub 2011 Aug 31.
PMID:
22058896
[PubMed]
Tetra-kis(?-2-phen-oxy-propionato)-?O,O':O';?O:O,O',?O:O'-bis-[(1,10-phenanthroline-?N,N')(2-phen-oxy-propionato-?O,O')dysprosium(III)].
Shen JB, Liu JL, Zhao GL.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Sep 1;67(Pt 9):m1320. Epub 2011 Aug 31.
PMID:
22058895
[PubMed]
An organometallic sandwich lanthanide single-ion magnet with an unusual multiple relaxation mechanism.
Jeletic M, Lin PH, Le Roy JJ, Korobkov I, Gorelsky SI, Murugesu M.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Dec 7;133(48):19286-9. Epub 2011 Nov 11.
PMID:
22032273
[PubMed - in process]
A tetragonal form of dysprosium orthomolybdate at room temperature.
Dorzhieva S, Chumak I, Sarapulova A, Mikhailova D, Bazarova J, Ehrenberg H.
Acta Crystallogr C. 2011 Oct;67(Pt 10):i50-2. Epub 2011 Sep 15.
PMID:
21979965
[PubMed - in process]
Note: simple means for selective removal of the 365 nm line from the Hg spectrum using Dy.
Vesborg PC, Chorkendorff I, Brock-Nannestad T, Dethlefsen JR, Bendix J.
Rev Sci Instrum. 2011 Sep;82(9):096102.
PMID:
21974629
[PubMed - in process]
Effects of chronic ?-irradiation on the aquatic microbial microcosm: equi-dosimetric comparison with effects of heavy metals.
Fuma S, Kawaguchi I, Kubota Y, Yoshida S, Kawabata Z, Polikarpov GG.
J Environ Radioact. 2012 Feb;103(2):81-6. Epub 2011 Sep 29.
PMID:
21962482
[PubMed - in process]
Cool White Light Emission in Dysprosium and Salicylic Acid Doped Poly Vinyl Alcohol Film Under UV Excitation.
Kaur G, Rai SB.
J Fluoresc. 2011 Sep 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21947610
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
[Synthesis, crystal structure and luminescent properties of a dysprosium coordinaation polymer based on pyridine-2, 6-dicarboxylic acid].
Fan RQ, Wang P, Ren JY, Zhou GP, Yang YL.
Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi. 2011 Jul;31(7):1734-8. Chinese.
PMID:
21942013
[PubMed - in process]
Anisotropic dysprosium.
Gatteschi D.
Nat Chem. 2011 Sep 23;3(10):830. doi: 10.1038/nchem.1157. No abstract available.
PMID:
21941259
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Synthesis of Enol Lactones via Cu(I)-Catalyzed Intramolecular O-Vinylation of Carboxylic Acids.
Sun C, Fang Y, Li S, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Zhu S, Li C.
Org Lett. 2010 Jan 5. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19689116 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Formation of ArF from LPdAr(F): Catalytic Conversion of Aryl Triflates to Aryl Fluorides.
Watson DA, Su M, Teverovskiy G, Zhang Y, García-Fortanet J, Kinzel T, Buchwald SL.
Science. 2009 Aug 13. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19679769 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
(2-Pyridyl)acetone-Promoted Cu-Catalyzed O-Arylation of Phenols with Aryl Iodides, Bromides, and Chlorides.
Zhang Q, Wang D, Wang X, Ding K.
J Org Chem. 2009 Aug 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19673481 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Ni-Catalyzed Sonogashira Coupling of Nonactivated Alkyl Halides: Orthogonal Functionalization of Alkyl Iodides, Bromides, and Chlorides.
Vechorkin O, Barmaz D, Proust V, Hu X.
J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Aug 11. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19670863 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Zn-mediated electrochemical allylation of aldehydes in aqueous ammonia.
Huang JM, Dong Y.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2009 Jul 14;(26):3943-5. Epub 2009 May 28.
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Practical Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Diaryl-, Aryl Heteroaryl-, and Diheteroarylmethanols.
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J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19653691 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Direct Palladium-Catalyzed Arylations of Aryl Bromides with 2/9-Substituted Pyrimido[5,4-b]indolizines.
Jiang M, Li T, Meng L, Yang C, Xie Y, Ding J.
J Comb Chem. 2009 Jul 31. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19645499 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Versatile chemoselectivity in Ni-catalyzed multiple bond carbonylations and cyclocarbonylations in CO(2)-expanded liquids.
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Chem Commun (Camb). 2009 Aug 21;(31):4723-5. Epub 2009 Jun 29.
PMID: 19641822 [PubMed - in process]
Highly Selective Biaryl Cross-Coupling Reactions between Aryl Halides and Aryl Grignard Reagents: A New Catalyst Combination of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel Fluorides.
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J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Jul 29. [Epub ahead of print]
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Hexacationic Dendriphos Ligands in the Pd-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction: Scope and Mechanistic Studies.
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J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Jul 29. [Epub ahead of print]
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Can One Predict Changes from S(N)1 to S(N)2 Mechanisms?
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J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Jul 27. [Epub ahead of print]
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A General Copper-Catalyzed Coupling of Azoles with Vinyl Bromides.
Liao Q, Wang Y, Zhang L, Xi C.
J Org Chem. 2009 Jul 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19603753 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Kinetics of Bromine-Magnesium Exchange Reactions in Heteroaryl Bromides.
Shi L, Chu Y, Knochel P, Mayr H.
Org Lett. 2009 Jul 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19601592 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
C5-Modified nucleosides exhibiting anticancer activity.
Lee YS, Park SM, Kim HM, Park SK, Lee K, Lee CW, Kim BH.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Aug 15;19(16):4688-91. Epub 2009 Jun 21.
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Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling of Ammonia with Aryl Chlorides, Bromides, Iodides, and Sulfonates: A General Method for the Preparation of Primary Arylamines.
Vo GD, Hartwig JF.
J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Jul 10. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19591470 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
New One-Pot Synthesis of (E)-beta-Aryl Vinyl Halides from Styrenes.
Pawluc´ P, Hreczycho G, Szudkowska J, Kubicki M, Marciniec B.
Org Lett. 2009 Jul 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19572730 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The Scope and Limitation of Nickel-Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Bromides from Formamide Derivatives.
Jo Y, Ju J, Choe J, Song KH, Lee S.
J Org Chem. 2009 Jul 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19572571 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Electroencephalographic and behavioral convulsant effects of hydrobromide and hydrochloride salts of bupropion in conscious rodents.
Henshall DC, Dürmüller N, White HS, Williams R, Moser P, Dunleavy M, Silverstone PH.
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2009;5:189-206. Epub 2009 Apr 8.
PMID: 19557114 [PubMed - in process]
A facile route to C2-substituted imidazolium ionic liquids.
Ennis E, Handy ST.
Molecules. 2009 Jun 19;14(6):2235-45.
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Synthesis of 1,3-amino alcohol derivatives via a silicon-mediated ring-opening of substituted piperidines.
McCall WS, Comins DL.
Org Lett. 2009 Jul 2;11(13):2940-2.
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Dysprosium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Dysprosium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f10 6s2. In its elemental form dysprosium's CAS number is 7429-91-6. The dysprosium atom has a radius of 175.2.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Dysprosium is moderately toxic. Dysprosium is most commonly used in neodymium-iron-boron high strength permanent magnets. Dysprosium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. While 
it has one of the highest magnetic moments of any of the rare earths (10.6µB), this has not resulted in an ability to perform on its own as a practical alternative to neodymium compositions. It is
however now an essential additive in NdFeB production. It is also used in special ceramic compositions based on BaTiO formulations. Recent research has examined the use of dysprosium in dysprosium-iron-garnet (DyIG) and silicon implanted with dysprosium and holmium to form donor centers. Dysprosium is added to various advanced optical formulations due to the fact that it emits in the 470-500 and 570-600 nm wavelengths. Dysprosium was first discovered by Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1886. The element name originates from the Greek word 'dysprositos' meaning hard to get at. See Dysprosium research below.
