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Recent Research & Development for Erbium
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Thermal characteristics of an end-pumped high-power ytterbium-sensitized erbium-doped fiber laser under natural convection.
Jeong Y, Baek S, Dupriez P, Maran JN, Sahu JK, Nilsson J, Lee B.
Opt Express. 2008 Nov 24;16(24):19865-71.
PMID: 19030073 [PubMed - in process]
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Growth, processing, and optical properties of epitaxial Er(2)O(3) on silicon.
Michael CP, Yuen HB, Sabnis VA, Johnson TJ, Sewell R, Smith R, Jamora A, Clark A, Semans S, Atanackovic PB, Painter O.
Opt Express. 2008 Nov 24;16(24):19649-66.
PMID: 19030051 [PubMed - in process]
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Multifilament-core fibers for high energy pulse amplification at 1.5 mum with excellent beam quality.
Canat G, Jetschke S, Unger S, Lombard L, Bourdon P, Kirchhof J, Jolivet V, Dolfi A, Vasseur O.
Opt Lett. 2008 Nov 15;33(22):2701-3.
PMID: 19015714 [PubMed - in process]
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C(2)H(2) absolutely optical frequency-stabilized and 40 GHz repetition-rate-stabilized, regeneratively mode-locked picosecond erbium fiber laser at 1.53 mum.
Nakazawa M, Kasai K, Yoshida M.
Opt Lett. 2008 Nov 15;33(22):2641-3.
PMID: 19015694 [PubMed - in process]
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Clinical, morphological, and ultrastructural aspects with the use of Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers in restorative dentistry.
Iaria G.
Gen Dent. 2008 Nov-Dec;56(7):636-9.
PMID: 19014022 [PubMed - in process]
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Lasers and pediatric dental care.
Kotlow L.
Gen Dent. 2008 Nov-Dec;56(7):618-27.
PMID: 19014020 [PubMed - in process]
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Calcitonin, sodium alendronate and high intensity laser in the treatment of traumatized teeth: a preliminary study.
Bello-Silva MS, Lage-Marques JL, Marotti J, de Paula Eduardo C, Apel C, Gutknecht N.
Lasers Med Sci. 2008 Nov 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19011951 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Influence of etching with erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser on microleakage of class V restoration.
Marotti J, Geraldo-Martins VR, Bello-Silva MS, de Paula Eduardo C, Apel C, Gutknecht N.
Lasers Med Sci. 2008 Nov 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19011950 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Ternary Erbium Chromium Sulfides: Structural Relationships and Magnetic Properties.
Vaqueiro P, Szkoda I, Sanchez RD, Powell AV.
Inorg Chem. 2008 Nov 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19006296 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Effect of one session of ER:YAG laser ablation plus topical 5Fluorouracil on the outcome of short-term NB-UVB phototherapy in the treatment of non-segmental vitiligo: a left-right comparative study.
Anbar TS, Westerhof W, Abdel-Rahman AT, Ewis AA, El-Khayyat MA.
Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2008 Dec;24(6):322-9.
PMID: 19000191 [PubMed - in process]
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Effect of erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser energies on superficial and deep dentin microhardness.
Chinelatti MA, Raucci-Neto W, Corona SA, Palma-Dibb RG.
Lasers Med Sci. 2008 Nov 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 18982403 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Related Articles
12: Erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser debridement of chronic wounds.
Mezzana P, Onesti MG, Ciotti M, Malzone G Jr, Scuderi N.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008 Nov;122(5):164e-165e. No abstract available.
PMID: 18971706 [PubMed - in process]
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Coprecipitation of heavy metals with erbium hydroxide for their flame atomic absorption spectrometric determinations in environmental samples.
Soylak M, Saracoglu S, Divrikli U, Elci L.
Talanta. 2005 Jun 15;66(5):1098-102.
PMID: 18970095 [PubMed - in process]
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Studies on the extraction and separation of lanthanide ions with a synergistic extraction system combined with 1,4,10,13-tetrathia-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane and lauric acid.
Masuda Y, Zhang Y, Yan C, Li B.
Talanta. 1998 May;46(1):203-13.
PMID: 18967144 [PubMed - in process]
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Principles and analytical applications of acousto-optic tunable filters, an overview.
Tran CD.
Talanta. 1997 Dec 19;45(2):237-48.
PMID: 18966998 [PubMed - in process]
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Environment effects on the CO vibrational shifts in erbium complexes: a quantum chemical study.
Ottonelli M, Musso G, Dellepiane G.
J Phys Chem A. 2008 Nov 20;112(46):11960-4. Epub 2008 Oct 29.
PMID: 18956859 [PubMed - in process]
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Brillouin-Erbium fiber laser with enhanced feedback coupling using common Erbium gain section.
Samsuri NM, Zamzuri AK, Al-Mansoori MH, Ahmad A, Mahdi MA.
Opt Express. 2008 Oct 13;16(21):16475-80.
PMID: 18852754 [PubMed - in process]
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Theory and design of a simple tunable Sagnac loop filter for multiwavelength fiber lasers.
Mirza MA, Stewart G.
Appl Opt. 2008 Oct 10;47(29):5242-52.
PMID: 18846162 [PubMed - in process]
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Combination Treatment with Broadband Light and Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet MicroLaser Peel for Photoaged Skin: Case Report of Four Patients.
Greco JF, Soriano T, Lask GP, Kim J.
Dermatol Surg. 2008 Nov;34(11):1603-8. Epub 2008 Sep 24.
PMID: 18840158 [PubMed - in process]
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Observation of stimulated emission of surface plasmon polaritons.
Ambati M, Nam SH, Ulin-Avila E, Genov DA, Bartal G, Zhang X.
Nano Lett. 2008 Nov;8(11):3998-4001. Epub 2008 Oct 7.
PMID: 18837543 [PubMed - in process]
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Material Safety Data Sheet |
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1 Identification of substance
- Product details
- Trade name Erbium (III) oxide
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2 Composition/Data on components:
- Chemical characterization:
Designation: (CAS#)
Erbium (III) oxide (CAS# 12061-16-4), 100%
- Identification number(s):
- EINECS Number: 235-045-7
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3 Hazards identification
- Hazard designation: · void
- Information pertaining to particular dangers for man and environment
Not applicable
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4 First aid measures
- After inhalation
Supply fresh air. If required, provide artificial respiration. Keep patient warm. Consult doctor if symptoms persist.
Seek immediate medical advice.
- After skin contact
Instantly wash with water and soap and rinse thoroughly.
Seek immediate medical advice.
- After eye contact
Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. Then consult doctor.
- After swallowing Seek medical treatment.
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5 Fire fighting measures
- Suitable extinguishing agents
Use fire fighting measures that suit the environment.
- Protective equipment:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
Wear full protective suit.
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6 Accidental release measures
- Person-related safety precautions:
Wear protective equipment. Keep unprotected persons away.
Ensure adequate ventilation
- Measures for environmental protection:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
- Measures for cleaning/collecting: Collect mechanically.
- Additional information:
See Section 7 for information on safe handling
See section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.
See Section 13 for information on disposal.
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7 Handling and storage
- Handling
- Information for safe handling:
Keep containers tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry place in tightly closed containers.
No special precautions necessary if used correctly.
- Information about protection against explosions and fires:
The product is not flammable
- Storage
- Requirements to be met by storerooms and containers:
No special requirements.
- Information about storage in one common storage facility:
Do not store together with acids.
- Further information about storage conditions:
This product is hygroscopic.
Protect from carbon dioxide.
Avoid contact with air / oxygen.
Keep container tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers.
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8 Exposure controls and personal protection
- Additional information about design of technical systems:
Properly operating chemical fume hood designed for hazardous chemicals and having an average face velocity of at least 100 feet per minute.
- Components with critical values that require monitoring at the
workplace:
Not required.
- Additional information: No data
- Personal protective equipment
- General protective and hygienic measures
The usual precautionary measures should be adhered to in handling the chemicals.
Keep away from foodstuffs, beverages and food.
Instantly remove any soiled and impregnated garments.
Wash hands during breaks and at the end of the work.
- Breathing equipment: Use breathing protection with high concentrations.
- Protection of hands: Impervious gloves
- Eye protection: Safety glasses
- Body protection: Protective work clothing.
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9 Physical and chemical properties:
- General Information
- Form: Powder
- Colour: Pink
- Smell: Odourless
- Value/Range Unit Method
- Change in condition
- Melting point/Melting range: 2400 ° C
- Boiling point/Boiling range: Not determined
- Sublimation temperature / start: Not determined
- Flash point: Not applicable
- Inflammability (solid, gaseous) Product is not inflammable.
- Ignition temperature: Not determined
- Decomposition temperature: Not determined
- Danger of explosion: Product is not explosive.
- Critical values for explosion:
- Lower: Not determined
- Upper: Not determined
- Steam pressure: Not determined
- Density at 20 ° C 8.64 g/cm³
- Solubility in / Miscibility with
- Water: Insoluble
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10 Stability and reactivity
- Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided:
No decomposition if used and stored according to specifications.
- Materials to be avoided:
Acids
Air
Carbon dioxide
- Dangerous reactions: No dangerous reactions known
- Dangerous products of decomposition: Metal oxide
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11 Toxicological information
- Acute toxicity:
LD/LC50 values that are relevant for classification:
Oral: LD50: >5000 mg/kg (rat)
Irritation of eyes: mild: 100 mg (rbt)
- Primary irritant effect:
- on the skin: Powder: irritant effect
- on the eye: Powder: irritant effect
- Sensitization: No sensitizing effect known.
- Additional toxicological information:
To the best of our knowledge the acute and chronic toxicity of this substance is not fully known.
No classification data on carcinogenic properties of this material is available from the EPA, IARC, NTP, OSHA or ACGIH.
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12 Ecological information:
- General notes:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
Generally not hazardous for water.
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13 Disposal considerations
- Product:
- Recommendation
Consult state, local or national regulations for proper disposal.
Hand over to disposers of hazardous waste.
Must be specially treated under adherence to official regulations.
- Uncleaned packagings:
- Recommendation:
Disposal must be made according to official regulations.
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14 Transport information
- Land transport ADR/RID and GGVS/GGVE (cross-border/domestic)
- ADR/RID-GGVS/E Class: None
- Maritime transport IMDG/GGVSea:
- IMDG/GGVSea Class: None
- Air transport ICAO-TI and IATA-DGR:
- ICAO/IATA Class: None
- Transport/Additional information:
Not dangerous according to the above specifications.
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15 Regulatory information
- Designation according to EC guidelines:
Observe the normal safety regulations when handling chemicals
The product is not subject to identification regulations under EC Directives and the Ordinance on Hazardous Materials (GefStoffV).
- National regulations
- Information about limitation of use:
For use only by technically qualified individuals.
- Water hazard class: Generally not hazardous for water.
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16 Other information:
Employers should use this information only as a supplement to other information gathered by them, and should make independent judgement of suitability of this information to ensure proper use and protect the health and safety of employees. This information is furnished without warranty, and any use of the product not in conformance with this Material Safety Data Sheet, or in combination with any other product or process, is the responsibility of the user.
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and ceramic applications. Erbium Oxide is generally immediately available in most volumes. Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards. Nanoscale (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots) elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered. Erbium has applications in glass coloring, as an amplifier in fiber optics, and in lasers for medical and dental use. Oxide compounds are not conductive to electricity. However, certain perovskite structured oxides are electronically conductive finding application in the cathode of solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen generation systems.
Rare Earth oxide compounds are basic anhydrides and can therefore react with acids and with strong reducing agents in redox reactions. They are compounds containing at least one oxygen anion and one metallic cation. They are typically insoluble in aqueous solutions (water) and extremely stable making them useful in ceramic structures as simple as producing clay bowls to advanced electronics and in light weight structural components in aerospace and electrochemical applications such as fuel cells in which they exhibit ionic conductivity. Erbium oxide is also available in pellets, pieces, powder, sputtering targets, tablets, and nanopowder (from American Elements' nanoscale production facilities). See Nanotechnology for more nanotechnology applications information. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available.
