| Erbium 170 Oxide (Erbium-170) is a stable (non-radioactive) isotope of Erbium. See below table for ENSDF Citation and Half Life. It is both naturally occurring and produced by fission. Erbium 170 Oxide is one of over 250 stable isotopes produced by American Elements for biological and biomedical labeling, as target materials and other applications. Erbium Oxide is also available in ultra high purity and as nanoparticles. For the thin film applications it is available as rod, pellets, pieces, granules and sputtering targets and as either an ingot or powder. Erbium Oxide 170 isotopic material is generally immediately available.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement. Erbium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Erbium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f12 6s2. In its elemental form erbium's CAS number is 7440-52-0. The erbium atom has a radius of 173.4.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Erbium is moderately toxic. Erbium has application in glass coloring, as an amplifier in fiber optics, and in lasers for medical and dental use. Erbium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. The ion has a very narrow absorption band coloring erbium salts pink. It is therefore used in eyeware and decorative glassware. It can neutralize discoloring impurities such as ferric ions and produce a neutral gray shade. It is used in a variety of glass products for this purpose. It is particularly useful as an amplifier for fiber optic data transfer. Erbium was first discovered by Carl Mosander in 1843. Erbium is named after the Swedish town, Ytterby. See Eribium research below.
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PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES |
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
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Recent Research & Development for Erbium
- Sorption of lanthanum and erbium from
aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared from rice husk. Awwad NS, Gad
HM, Ahmad MI, Aly HF. Colloids Surf B
Biointerfaces. 2010 Dec 1;81(2):593-9. Epub 2010 Aug 10. PubMed PMID:
20800456.
- Effect of an Er,Cr:YSGG laser on
water perfusion in human dentine. Adu-Arko AY, Sidhu SK, McCabe JF, Pashley
DH. Eur J Oral Sci. 2010 Oct;118(5):483-8. doi:
10.1111/j.1600-0722.2010.00768.x. PubMed PMID: 20831582.
- Treatment of actinic cheilitis
with the Er:YAG laser. Armenores P, James CL, Walker PC, Huilgol SC. J Am
Acad Dermatol. 2010 Oct;63(4):642-6. PubMed PMID:
20846565.
- Optical spectroscopy and energy transfer in amorphous
AlN-doped erbium and ytterbium ions for applications in laser cavities.
Maqbool M, Corn TR. Opt Lett.
2010 Sep 15;35(18):3117-9. doi: 10.1364/OL.35.003117. PubMed PMID:
20847797.
- 50 fs pulses
from an all-normal dispersion erbium fiber oscillator. Chichkov NB,
Hausmann K, Wandt D, Morgner U, Neumann J, Kracht D. Opt Lett. 2010 Sep
15;35(18):3081-3. doi: 10.1364/OL.35.003081. PubMed PMID: 20847785.
- Comparison of Two
Q-Switched Lasers and a Short-Pulse Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet
Laser
for Treatment of Cosmetic Tattoos Containing Titanium and Iron in an Animal
Model. Wang CC, Huang CL, Yang AH, Chen CK, Lee SC, Leu FJ. Dermatol Surg.
2010 Sep 14. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2010.01714.x. [Epub
ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20840495.
- Sublimation of the endohedral fullerene
Er(3)N@C(80). Stibor A, Schefzyk H, Fortágh J. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2010
Sep 6. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID:
20820560.
- Experimental investigation of square dissipative
soliton generation and propagation. Mao D, Liu X, Wang L, Lu H. Appl Opt.
2010 Sep 1;49(25):4751-5. doi:
10.1364/AO.49.004751. PubMed PMID: 20820217.
- Efficacy of
ultrasonic versus laser-activated irrigation to remove artificially placed
dentin
debris plugs. De Moor RJ, Meire M, Goharkhay K, Moritz A, Vanobbergen J. J
Endod. 2010 Sep;36(9):1580-3. PubMed PMID: 20728731.
- Performance comparison of Zr-based and
Bi-based erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. Paul MC, Harun SW, Huri NA, Hamzah
A, Das S, Pal M, Bhadra SK, Ahmad H, Yoo
S, Kalita MP, Boyland AJ, Sahu JK. Opt Lett. 2010 Sep 1;35(17):2882-4. doi:
10.1364/OL.35.002882. PubMed PMID: 20808356.
- Operative Treatment for Segmental Eyelid Vitiligo.
Kahn AM, Applebaum R. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010 Aug 23. [Epub ahead
of print] PubMed PMID:
20736871.
- All-fiber periodically Q-switched laser. Fellew MT, Town GE. Appl Opt.
2010
Aug 20;49(24):4520-3. doi: 10.1364/AO.49.004520. PubMed PMID: 20733622.
- Immediate Implant Placement into Infected Sites: Bacterial Studies
of the Photoaccostic effects of the YSGG Laser. Kusek E. J Oral Implantol.
2010 Aug 16.
[Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20712437.
- Multi-wavelength fiber optical parametric oscillator with
ultra-narrow wavelength spacing. Chen D, Sun B. Opt Express. 2010 Aug
16;18(17):18425-30. doi:
10.1364/OE.18.018425. PubMed PMID: 20721237.
- A higher-order-mode
erbium-doped-fiber amplifier. Nicholson JW, Fini JM, DeSantolo AM, Monberg
E, DiMarcello F, Fleming J,
Headley C, DiGiovanni DJ, Ghalmi S, Ramachandran S. Opt Express. 2010 Aug
16;18(17):17651-7. doi:
10.1364/OE.18.017651. PubMed PMID: 20721151.
- High-power
dissipative solitons from an all-normal dispersion erbium fiber oscillator.
Chichkov NB, Hausmann K, Wandt D, Morgner U, Neumann J, Kracht D. Opt
Lett. 2010 Aug 15;35(16):2807-9. doi: 10.1364/OL.35.002807. PubMed PMID:
20717464.
- Periodic and non-periodic frequency selection
in an erbium doped fiber laser by silica microdisk optical cavity filters.
Bergeron S, Saďdi S, Peter YA. Opt
Express. 2010 Aug 2;18(16):16797-804. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.016797. PubMed
PMID:
20721071.
- Brillouin amplification in phase coherent
transfer of optical frequencies over 480 km fiber. Terra O, Grosche G,
Schnatz H. Opt Express. 2010 Jul
19;18(15):16102-11. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.016102. PubMed PMID: 20720995.
- Specific differences in migratory function of
myofibroblasts isolated from Crohn's disease fistulae and strictures. Meier
JK, Scharl M, Miller SN, Brenmoehl J, Hausmann M, Kellermeier S,
Schölmerich J, Rogler G. Inflamm
Bowel Dis. 2010 May 10. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20848526.
- [The antimicrobial efficacy of an erbium laser on
Streptococcus mutans. In vivo study]. Costache I, Danila I. Rev Med Chir
Soc Med Nat Iasi. 2010
Apr-Jun;114(2):551-4. Romanian. PubMed PMID: 20701002.
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