See safety data below. American Elements specializes in producing Europium as flat irregularly shaped pieces of material in a varying range of sizes. Most flakes are produced from cast ingots for use in coating and thin film Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) processes including Thermal and Electron Beam (E-Beam) Evaporation, Low Temperature Organic Evaporation, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), Organometallic and Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) for specific applications such as fuel cells and solar energy. Thickness can range from 0.003" to approximately 2mm for all metals. Some metals can also be rolled down as thin as 0.001". Piece sizes are available up to approximately 7" maximum width. Maximum lengths of about 20" can be obtained with a nominal thickness between about 0.005" and 0.020" for thin film deposition on glass or metal substrates. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes such as nanoparticles (See also application discussion at Nanotechnology Information and at Quantum Dots) and in the form of solutions and organometallics. We also produce Europium as rods, powder and plates. Other shapes are available by request.
Europium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The electronic configuration is [Xe]4f76s2. In its elemental form europium's CAS number is 7440-53-1. The europium atom has a radius of 199.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Europium is utilized primarily for its unique luminescent behavior. Europium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Excitation of the Europium atom by absorption of ultra violet radiation can result in specific energy level transitions within the atom creating an emission of visible radiation.In energy efficient fluorescent lighting, Europium provides not only the necessary red, but also the blue. Several commercial blue phosphors are based on Europium.
Covalently Bonded Assembly of Lanthanide/Silicon-Oxygen Network/Polyethylene Glycol Hybrid Materials through Functionalized 2-Thenoyltrifluoroacetone Linkage.
Qiao XF, Yan B.
J Phys Chem B. 2009 Aug 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19658417 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Surface potential of spherical polyelectrolyte brushes in the presence of trivalent counterions.
Hoffmann M, Jusufi A, Schneider C, Ballauff M.
J Colloid Interface Sci. 2009 Jun 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19651414 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Crystal Growth, Structural Properties, and Photophysical Characterization of Ln(4)Na(2)K(2)M(2)O(13) (M = Nb, Ta; Ln = Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd).
Jagau TC, Roof IP, Smith MD, Zur Loye HC.
Inorg Chem. 2009 Jul 30. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19642658 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Synthesis and luminescence properties of a trinucleotide-europium(III) complex conjugate.
Escudier JM, Dupouy C, Fountain MA, del Mundo IM, Jacklin EM, Morrow JR.
Org Biomol Chem. 2009 Aug 21;7(16):3251-7. Epub 2009 Jun 23.
PMID: 19641782 [PubMed - in process]
Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Enantiopure Europium and Terbium Complexes with Modular, All-Oxygen Donor Ligands.
Seitz M, Do K, Ingram AJ, Moore EG, Muller G, Raymond KN.
Inorg Chem. 2009 Jul 29. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19639983 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Photochemical Mineralization of Europium, Titanium, and Iron Oxyhydroxide Nanoparticles in the Ferritin Protein Cage.
Klem MT, Mosolf J, Young M, Douglas T.
Inorg Chem. 2009 Jul 27. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID: 19634892 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Chemiluminescence determination of naproxen based on europium(III)-sensitized KIO(4)-H(2)O(2) reaction.
Du J, Li D, Lu J.
Luminescence. 2009 Jul 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19630092 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Synthesis and luminescent properties of Eu(TTA)(3).3H(2)O nanocrystallines.
Liu Q, Wang DM, Li YY, Yan M, Wei Q, Du B.
Luminescence. 2009 Jul 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19630091 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A Miniaturized Linear pH Sensor Based on a Highly Photoluminescent Self-Assembled Europium(III) Metal-Organic Framework.
Harbuzaru BV, Corma A, Rey F, Jordá JL, Ananias D, Carlos LD, Rocha J.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2009 Jul 23. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID: 19630048 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
[Spectral analysis and photoluminescence properties of Eu-Tb codoped polymer]
Li J, Xu BS, Li YC, Xie JB.
Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi. 2009 Apr;29(4):891-5. Chinese.
PMID: 19626866 [PubMed - in process]
[Preparation and luminescence properties of EuVO4]
Namila, Wang XG, Zheng XF, Ao CH, Kang YY.
Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi. 2009 Apr;29(4):887-90. Chinese.
PMID: 19626865 [PubMed - in process]
Spherical core-shell structured nanophosphors on the basis of europium-doped lutetium compounds.
Yermolayeva YV, Tolmachev AV, Korshikova TI, Yavetskiy RP, Dobrotvorskaya MV, Danylenko NI, Sofronov DS.
Nanotechnology. 2009 Aug 12;20(32):325601. Epub 2009 Jul 21.
PMID: 19620751 [PubMed - in process]
In vivo toxicity studies of europium hydroxide nanorods in mice.
Patra CR, Abdel Moneim SS, Wang E, Dutta S, Patra S, Eshed M, Mukherjee P, Gedanken A, Shah VH, Mukhopadhyay D.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2009 Jul 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19616569 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Mixed Valence Europium Nitridosilicate Eu(2)SiN(3).
Zeuner M, Pagano S, Matthes P, Bichler D, Johrendt D, Harmening T, Po¨ttgen R, Schnick W.
J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Jul 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19610643 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Layer silicates modified with 1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine for the removal of Th(IV), U(VI) and Eu(III) from aqueous media.
Guerra DL, Pinto AA, Viana RR, Airoldi C.
J Hazard Mater. 2009 Jun 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19604631 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Polarized Luminescence of Non-mesogenic Europium(III) Complexes Doped into a Nematic Liquid Crystal.
Driesen K, Vaes C, Cardinaels T, Goossens K, Go¨rller-Walrand C, Binnemans K.
J Phys Chem B. 2009 Jul 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 19601595 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Aggregation in methanol and formation of molecular glasses for europium(iii) N-acylaminocarboxylates: effects of alkyl chain length and head group.
Naren G, Yasuda A, Iida M, Harada M, Suzuki T, Kato M.
Dalton Trans. 2009 Jul 28;(28):5512-22. Epub 2009 May 29.
PMID: 19587995 [PubMed - in process]
Metal-pi interactions dominate in the solid-state structures of molecular heterobimetallic alkali-metal-europium(II) aryloxo complexes.
Deacon GB, Junk PC, Moxey GJ.
Chem Asian J. 2009 Aug 3;4(8):1309-17.
PMID: 19585640 [PubMed - in process]
A color-tunable europium complex emitting three primary colors and white light.
He G, Guo D, He C, Zhang X, Zhao X, Duan C.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2009;48(33):6132-5. No abstract available.
PMID: 19585629 [PubMed - in process]
A novel europium(III) complex with versatility in excitation ranging from infrared to ultraviolet.
Shi M, Ding C, Dong J, Wang H, Tian Y, Hu Z.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2009 Jul 7;11(25):5119-23. Epub 2009 Apr 3.
PMID: 19562143 [PubMed - in process]
Material Safety Data Sheet
1 Identification of substance
Product details
Trade name Europium metal
2 Composition/Data on components:
Chemical characterization: Designation: (CAS#)
Europium (CAS# 7440-53-1), 100%
Identification number(s):
EINECS Number: 231-161-7
Additonal information: Packaged under mineral oil (CAS# 8012-95-1)
3 Hazards identification
Hazard designation: F Highly flammable
Information pertaining to particular dangers for man and environment
R 11 Highly flammable.
R 15 Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases.
4 First aid measures
After inhalation
Supply fresh air. If required, provide artificial respiration. Keep patient warm. Consult doctor if symptoms persist.
Seek immediate medical advice.
After skin contact
Instantly wash with water and soap and rinse thoroughly.
Seek immediate medical advice.
After eye contact
Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. Then consult doctor.
After swallowing Seek immediate medical advice.
5 Fire fighting measures
Suitable extinguishing agents Extinguishing powder. Do not use water.
For safety reasons unsuitable extinguishing agents
Water.
Halocarbon extinguisher
Special hazards caused by the material, its products of combustion or flue gases:
Contact with water releases hydrogen (explosive).
Protective equipment:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
Wear full protective suit.
Measures for environmental protection:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
Measures for cleaning/collecting:
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Do not flush with water or aqueous cleansing agents
Keep away from ignition sources.
Additional information:
See Section 7 for information on safe handling
See section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.
See Section 13 for information on disposal.
7 Handling and storage
Handling
Information for safe handling:
Keep containers tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry place in tightly closed containers.
Ensure good ventilation/exhaustion at the workplace.
Open and handle container with care.
Information about protection against explosions and fires:
Keep ignition sources away - Do not smoke.
Protect against electrostatic charges.
Fumes can combine with air to form an explosive mixture.
Storage
Requirements to be met by storerooms and containers:
Store in cool location.
Information about storage in one common storage facility:
Store away from water.
Do not store together with oxidizing and acidic materials.
Store away from halogens.
Further information about storage conditions:
Store in petroleum or under dry argon.
Protect from humidity and keep away from water.
Keep container tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers.
8 Exposure controls and personal protection
Additional information about design of technical systems:
Properly operating chemical fume hood designed for hazardous chemicals and having an average face velocity of at least 100 feet per minute.
Components with critical values that require monitoring at the workplace:
Not required.
Additional information: No data
Personal protective equipment
General protective and hygienic measures
The usual precautionary measures should be adhered to in handling the chemicals.
Keep away from foodstuffs, beverages and food.
Instantly remove any soiled and impregnated garments.
Wash hands during breaks and at the end of the work.
Breathing equipment: Use breathing protection with high concentrations.
Protection of hands: Impervious gloves
Eye protection:
Safety glasses
Full face protection
Face protection
Body protection: Protective work clothing.
9 Physical and chemical properties:
General Information
Form: Solid.
Colour: Silver-coloured
Smell: Odourless
Value/Range Unit Method
Change in condition
Melting point/Melting range: 822 ° C
Boiling point/Boiling range: 1439 ° C
Sublimation temperature / start: Not determined
Flash point: Not applicable
Inflammability (solid, gaseous) Highly flammable.
Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases.
Ignition temperature: Not determined
Decomposition temperature: Not determined
Critical values for explosion:
Lower: Not determined
Upper: Not determined
Steam pressure: Not determined
Density at 20 ° C 5.26 g/cm³
Solubility in / Miscibility with
Water: Not determined
10 Stability and reactivity
Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided:
No decomposition if used and stored according to specifications.
Materials to be avoided:
Oxidizing agents
Water/moisture
Acids
Halogens
Air
Dangerous reactions: Contact with water releases flammable gases
Dangerous products of decomposition: Hydrogen
11 Toxicological information
Acute toxicity:
Primary irritant effect:
on the skin: Irritant for skin and mucous membranes.
on the eye: Irritant effect.
Sensitization: No sensitizing effect known.
Additional toxicological information:
To the best of our knowledge the acute and chronic toxicity of this substance is not fully known.
12 Ecological information:
General notes:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
Water hazard class 1 (Self-assessment): slightly hazardous for water.
Do not allow undiluted product or large quantities of it to reach ground water, water bodies or sewage system.
13 Disposal considerations
Product:
Recommendation
Consult state, local or national regulations for proper disposal.
Hand over to disposers of hazardous waste.
Must be specially treated under adherence to official regulations.
Uncleaned packagings:
Recommendation:
Disposal must be made according to official regulations.
14 Transport information
Land transport ADR/RID and GGVS/GGVE (cross-border/domestic)
ADR/RID-GGVS/E Class: 4.1 (F3) Flammable solids.
Kemler Number: 40
UN-Number: 3178
Packaging group: II
Label 4.1
Designation of goods: 3178 FLAMMABLE SOLID, INORGANIC, N.O.S.
(europium)
Code letter and hazard designation of product: F Highly flammable
Risk phrases:
11 Highly flammable.
15 Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases.
National regulations
Information about limitation of use:
For use only by technically qualified individuals.
Employment restrictions concerning young persons must be observed.
Water hazard class:
Water hazard class 1 (Self-assessment): slightly hazardous for water.
16 Other information:
Employers should use this information only as a supplement to other information gathered by them, and should make independent judgement of suitability of this information to ensure proper use and protect the health and safety of employees. This information is furnished without warranty, and any use of the product not in conformance with this Material Safety Data Sheet, or in combination with any other product or process, is the responsibility of the user.
American Elements Products can also be sourced at
these sites:
Thermal and Electron Beam (E-Beam) Evaporation, Low Temperature Organic Evaporation, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), Organometallic and Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) for specific applications such as fuel cells and solar energy. Thickness can range from 0.003" to approximately 2mm for all metals. Some metals can also be rolled down as thin as 0.001". Piece sizes are available up to approximately 7" maximum width. Maximum lengths of about 20" can be obtained with a nominal thickness between about 0.005" and 0.020" for thin film deposition on glass or metal substrates. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes such as nanoparticles (See also application discussion at Nanotechnology Information and at Quantum Dots) and in the form of solutions and organometallics. We also produce Europium as rods, powder and plates. Other shapes are available by request.
