American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopeia/British Pharmacopeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.See safety data and research below and pricing/lead time above. American Elements specializes in producing high purity Europium Selenide Sputtering Targets with the highest possible density and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes nanoparticles. We also produce Europium as disc, granules, ingot, pellets, pieces, powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request.
Europium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Europium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f7 6s2. In its elemental form europium's CAS number is 7440-53-1. The europium atom has a radius of 199.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Europium is moderately toxic. Europium is utilized primarily for its unique luminescent behavior. Europium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Excitation of the Europium atom by absorption of ultra violet radiation can result in specific energy level transitions within the atom creating an emission of visible radiation.In energy efficient fluorescent lighting, Europium provides not only the necessary red, but also the blue. Several commercial blue phosphors are based on Europium. Europium was named after the continent of Europe. See Europium research below.
Selenium is a Block P, Group 16, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Selenium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 6 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4. In its elemental form selenium's CAS number is 7782-49-2. The selenium atom has a radius of 116.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 190.pm. The EPA does not classify selenium as carcinogenic, although selenium sulfide is a probable carcinogen. Selenates and selenites which are compounds of selenium, are highly toxic. Hydrogen selenide gas (SeH2) is the most acutely toxic compound of selenium. Selenium exhibits both photovoltaic action, where light is converted directly into electricity, and photoconductive action, where the electrical resistance decreases with increased illumination. of photocells and exposure meters for photographic use, as well as solar cells. Below its melting point, selenium is a p-type semiconductor and has many uses in electronic and solid-state applications. Selenium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Selenium was first discovered by Jons Berzelius in 1817. The origin of the name Selenium comes from the Greek word "Selênê" meaning moon. See selenium research below.
Sensitization of Lanthanoid Luminescence by Organic and Inorganic Ligands in Lanthanoid-Organic-Polyoxometalates.
Ritchie C, Baslon V, Moore EG, Reber C, Boskovic C.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Dec 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22220495
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Di-?-benzoato-?O,O':O';?O:O,O'-bis[aqua-bis-(benzoato-?O,O')(dimethylformamide-?O)europium(III)].
Wang Z, Zhou X.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Nov 1;67(Pt 11):m1579-80. Epub 2011 Oct 22.
PMID:
22219814
[PubMed - in process]
Silver Nanoparticle-Enhanced Chemiluminescence Method for Determining Naproxen Based on Europium(III)-Sensitized Ce(IV)-Na(2)S (2)O (4) Reaction.
Kamruzzaman M, Alam AM, Kim KM, Lee SH, Kim YH, Kim SH.
J Fluoresc. 2012 Jan 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22215565
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effects of crystallization and dopant concentration on the emission behavior of TiO2:Eu nanophosphors.
Pal M, Pal U, Gracia Y Jimenez JM, Perez-Rodriguez F.
Nanoscale Res Lett. 2012 Jan 3;7(1):1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22214494
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Influence of Catalyses on the Preparation of YVO(4):Eu (3+) Phosphors by the Sol-gel Methodology.
Saltarelli M, Luz PP, Matos MG, de Faria EH, Ciuffi KJ, Calefi PS, Rocha LA, Nassar EJ.
J Fluoresc. 2011 Dec 30. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22205247
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Selected Trace Elements in the Sacramento River, California: Occurrence and Distribution.
Taylor HE, Antweiler RC, Roth DA, Alpers CN, Dileanis P.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011 Dec 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22193863
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A Sensitive, Homogeneous, and High-Throughput Assay for Lysine-Specific Histone Demethylases at the H3K4 Site.
Wang C, Caron M, Burdick D, Kang Z, Auld D, Hill WA, Padrós J, Zhang JH.
Assay Drug Dev Technol. 2011 Dec 22. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22192306
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Modelling and optimisation of preparative chromatographic purification of europium.
Ojala F, Max-Hansen M, Kifle D, Borg N, Nilsson B.
J Chromatogr A. 2012 Jan 13;1220:21-5. Epub 2011 Nov 23.
PMID:
22189296
[PubMed - in process]
Site-specific DOTA/europium-labeling of recombinant human relaxin-3 for receptor-ligand interaction studies.
Zhang WJ, Luo X, Liu YL, Shao XX, Wade JD, Bathgate RA, Guo ZY.
Amino Acids. 2011 Dec 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22187146
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Building large supramolecular nanocapsules with europium cations.
Hamacek J, Poggiali D, Zebret S, Aroussi BE, Schneider MW, Mastalerz M.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Dec 19. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22179299
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Circularly Polarized Lanthanide Luminescence from Langmuir-Blodgett Films Formed from Optically Active and Amphiphilic Eu(III) -Based Self-Assembly Complexes.
Kitchen JA, Barry DE, Mercs L, Albrecht M, Peacock RD, Gunnlaugsson T.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Dec 7. doi: 10.1002/anie.201106863. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22162422
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Enhancement of the Luminescence Efficiency of Europium(III) Tris(?-diketonato) Complex in Organic Media by Quaternary Ammonium Salts with Anionic Ligands.
Katano H, Uematsu K, Tsukatani T.
Anal Sci. 2011;27(12):1249.
PMID:
22156255
[PubMed - in process]
High-pressure phase transition and thermoelastic properties of europium chalcogenides.
Gupta DC, Singh KC.
J Mol Model. 2011 Nov 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22146983
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Spectrofluorimetric study of the interaction between europium(III) and moxifloxacin in micellar solution and its analytical application.
Kamruzzaman M, Alam AM, Lee SH, Ragupathy D, Kim YH, Park SR, Kim SH.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2012 Feb;86:375-80. Epub 2011 Oct 29.
PMID:
22133700
[PubMed - in process]
Complexation of Europium(III) by Bis(dialkyltriazinyl)bipyridines in 1-Octanol.
Steppert M, Císarová I, Fanghänel T, Geist A, Lindqvist-Reis P, Panak P, Stepnicka P, Trumm S, Walther C.
Inorg Chem. 2012 Jan 2;51(1):591-600. Epub 2011 Dec 1.
PMID:
22133151
[PubMed - in process]
Photoluminescent Properties of Novel Rare Earth Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposite with TiO(2) Modified Silica via Double Crosslinking Units.
Zhao Y, Yan B.
Photochem Photobiol. 2012 Jan;88(1):21-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.01033.x. Epub 2011 Nov 29.
PMID:
22126262
[PubMed - in process]
Nonradiative deactivation of europium(iii) luminescence as a detection scheme for moisture.
Knall AC, Tscherner M, Noormofidi N, Pein A, Saf R, Mereiter K, Ribitsch V, Stelzer F, Slugovc C.
Analyst. 2011 Nov 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22125794
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Probing the metal ion selectivity in methionine aminopeptidase via changes in the luminescence properties of the enzyme bound europium ion.
Sule N, Singh RK, Zhao P, Srivastava DK.
J Inorg Biochem. 2012 Jan;106(1):84-9. Epub 2011 Sep 22.
PMID:
22112844
[PubMed - in process]
Characteristics of functionalized nano-hydroxyapatite and internalization by human epithelial cell.
Yan-Zhong Z, Yan-Yan H, Jun Z, Shai-Hong Z, Zhi-You L, Ke-Chao Z.
Nanoscale Res Lett. 2011 Nov 23;6:600.
PMID:
22108000
[PubMed - in process]
The oxidation state of europium in halide glasses.
Weber JK, Vu M, Passlick C, Schweizer S, Brown DE, Johnson CE, Johnson JA.
J Phys Condens Matter. 2011 Dec 14;23(49):495402. Epub 2011 Nov 18.
PMID:
22101252
[PubMed - in process]
Recent Research & Development for Selenium
Selenoprotein K binds multi-protein complexes and is involved in the regulation of ER homeostasis.
Shchedrina VA, Everley RA, Zhang Y, Gygi SP, Hatfield DL, Gladyshev VN.
J Biol Chem. 2011 Oct 20. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22016385
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Catalytic activity of selenomethionine in removing amino acid, peptide, and protein hydroperoxides.
Suryo Rahmanto A, Davies MJ.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2011 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22015433
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Combination of chemometrically assisted voltammetry, calorimetry, and circular dichroism as a new method for the study of bioinorganic substances: application to selenocystine metal complexes.
Gusmão R, Prohens R, Díaz-Cruz JM, Ariño C, Esteban M.
J Biol Inorg Chem. 2011 Oct 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22015398
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Marine and farmed fish on the Polish market: Comparison of the nutritive value and human exposure to PCDD/Fs and other contaminants.
Szlinder-Richert J, Usydus Z, Malesa-Ciecwierz M, Polak-Juszczak L, Ruczynska W.
Chemosphere. 2011 Oct 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22014661
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Dietary selenium reduces retention of methyl mercury in freshwater fish.
Bjerregaard P, Fjordside S, Hansen MG, Petrova MB.
Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Oct 20. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22014184
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Plant and fungal food components with potential activity on the development of microbial oral diseases.
Daglia M, Papetti A, Mascherpa D, Grisoli P, Giusto G, Lingström P, Pratten J, Signoretto C, Spratt DA, Wilson M, Zaura E, Gazzani G.
J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011;2011:274578. Epub 2011 Oct 17.
PMID:
22013381
[PubMed - in process]
Selenium, selenoproteins and the thyroid gland: interactions in health and disease.
Schomburg L.
Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011 Oct 18. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2011.174. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22009156
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Selenium inhibits migration of murine melanoma cells via down-modulation of IL-18 expression.
Song H, Kim J, Lee HK, Park HJ, Nam J, Park GB, Kim YS, Cho D, Hur DY.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2011 Oct 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22008306
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Detection, Identification, and Quantification of Selenoproteins in a Candidate Human Plasma Standard Reference Material.
Ballihaut G, Kilpatrick LE, Davis WC.
Anal Chem. 2011 Oct 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22007999
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Severe pre-eclampsia is associated with abnormal trace elements concentrations in maternal and fetal blood.
Katz O, Paz-Tal O, Lazer T, Aricha-Tamir B, Mazor M, Wiznitzer A, Sheiner E.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2011 Oct 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22007865
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effects of Selenium Supplements on Cancer Prevention: Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Lee EH, Myung SK, Jeon YJ, Kim Y, Chang YJ, Ju W, Seo HG, Huh BY.
Nutr Cancer. 2011 Oct 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22004275
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Study of the correlation of serum selenium level with Behcet's disease.
Esalatmanesh K, Jamshidi A, Shahram F, Davatchi F, Masoud SA, Soleimani Z, Salesi M, Ghaffarpasand I.
Int J Rheum Dis. 2011 Oct;14(4):375-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1756-185X.2011.01649.x. Epub 2011 Sep 5.
PMID:
22004235
[PubMed - in process]
Multi-metal(loid) methylation in methanoarchaea is linked to central intermediates of methanogenesis.
Thomas F, Diaz-Bone RA, Wuerfel O, Huber B, Weidenbach K, Schmitz RA, Hensel R.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Oct 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22003009
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The Effects of Di(2-Ethylhexyl)Phthalate Exposure and Selenium Nutrition on Sertoli Cell Vimentin Structure and Germ-Cell Apoptosis in Rat Testis.
Erkekoglu P, Zeybek ND, Giray B, Asan E, Hincal F.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011 Oct 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22002783
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A superoxide anion-scavenger, 1,3-selenazolidin-4-one suppresses serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by activating MAP kinase.
Nishina A, Kimura H, Kozawa K, Sommen G, Nakamura T, Heimgartner H, Koketsu M, Furukawa S.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2011 Oct 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22001386
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Nutrition, dietary supplements and adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
Schultz C, Meier M, Schmid HP.
Maturitas. 2011 Oct 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22001108
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Interactions of Cu(I) with Selenium-Containing Amino Acids Determined by NMR, XAS, and DFT Studies.
Wang HC, Riahi M, Pothen J, Bayse CA, Riggs-Gelasco P, Brumaghim JL.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Oct 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21999616
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effects of Basal Media and Supplements on Diethylstilbestrol-Treated Immature Mouse Primary Granulosa Cell Growth and Regulation of Steroidogenesis In Vitro.
Ding T, Luo A, Yang S, Lai Z, Wang Y, Shen W, Jiang J, Lu Y, Ma D, Wang S.
Reprod Domest Anim. 2011 Oct 15. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01879.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21999365
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Demographic and lifestyle factors and selenium levels in men and women in the U.S.
Park K, Rimm E, Siscovick D, Spiegelman D, Morris JS, Mozaffarian D.
Nutr Res Pract. 2011 Aug;5(4):357-64. Epub 2011 Aug 31.
PMID:
21994531
[PubMed - in process]
New group 11 complexes with metal-selenium bonds of methyldiphenylphosphane selenide: a solid state, solution and theoretical investigation.
Pop A, Silvestru A, Gimeno MC, Laguna A, Kulcsar M, Arca M, Lippolis V, Pintus A.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Oct 13. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21993712
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Proud sponsors of Aeromat 2012. Please join us and our customers & co-sponsors Boeing and ATI on
June 18-20, 2012
in Charlotte, North Carolina
American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopeia/British Pharmacopeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.See safety data and research below and pricing/lead time above. American Elements specializes in producing high purity Europium Selenide Sputtering Targets with the highest possible density 
and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes nanoparticles. We also produce Europium as disc, granules, ingot, pellets, pieces, powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request.
Europium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Europium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f7 6s2. In its elemental form europium's CAS number is 7440-53-1. The europium atom has a radius of 199.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Europium is moderately toxic. Europium is utilized primarily for its unique luminescent behavior. Europium is available as metal and
compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Excitation of the Europium atom by absorption of ultra violet radiation can result in specific energy level transitions within the atom creating an emission of visible radiation.In energy efficient fluorescent lighting, Europium provides not only the necessary red, but also the blue. Several commercial blue phosphors are based on Europium. Europium was named after the continent of Europe. See Europium research below. 
Selenium is a Block P, Group 16, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Selenium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 6 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4. In its elemental form selenium's CAS number is 7782-49-2. The selenium atom has a radius of 116.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 190.pm. The EPA does not classify selenium as carcinogenic, although selenium sulfide 
is a probable carcinogen. Selenates and selenites which are compounds of selenium, are highly toxic. Hydrogen selenide gas (SeH2) is the most acutely toxic compound of selenium. Selenium exhibits both photovoltaic action, where light is converted directly into electricity, and photoconductive action, where the electrical resistance decreases with increased illumination. of photocells and exposure meters for photographic use, as 
well as solar cells. Below its melting point, selenium is a p-type semiconductor and has many uses in electronic and solid-state applications. Selenium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Selenium was first discovered by Jons Berzelius in 1817. The origin of the name Selenium comes from the Greek word "Selênê" meaning moon. See selenium research below. 
