Iron Carbide is available in numerous forms and custom shapes including Ingot, foil, rod, plate and sputtering target. High purity forms also include Carbide powder, submicron powder and nanoscale, single crystal or polycrystalline forms. Iron Carbide is generally immediately available in most volumes.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Like diamond, a pure carbon compound, Carbide compounds tend to be extremely hard, refractory and resistant to wear, corrosion and heat, making them excellent candidates for coatings for drills and other tools. They often have other valuable properties in combination with toughness, such as electrical conductivity, low thermal expansion and abrasiveness.
Iron is a Block D, Group 8, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Iron's shells is 2, 8, 14, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d6 4s2. In its elemental form iron's CAS number is 7439-89-6. The iron atom has a radius of 124.1.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Iron is not toxic. Iron is the most commonly used metal for commercial applications due to its hardness, historical availability and low cost. Once used on its own, it is now alloyed with nickel and other elements to produce steel and other high strength, non-corrosive structural metals. Iron as a metal and as its many compounds has numerous uses. It is a primary colorant in glass and ceramics. It is a catalyst. It is the basis for low grade magnets and because of its magnetic properties is used extensively in memory tape. Recent applications for Iron nanoparticles include in water treatment of carbon tetrachloride in contaminated groundwater, magnetic data storage and resonance imaging (MRI) and in certain alloy and catalyst applications. Iron can also be introduced into processes using iron foil, pellets, rod and wire by thin film Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) processes including Thermal and Electron Beam (E-Beam) Evaporation, Low Temperature Organic Evaporation, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), Organometallic and Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) for specific applications such as fuel cells and solar energy. Iron is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Iron was first discovered by Early Man.See Iron research below.
Carbon is a Block P, Group 12, Period 2 element. The number of electrons in each of Carbon's shells is 2, 4 and its electronic configuration is [He] 2s2 2p2. In its elemental form carbon's CAS number is 7440-44-0. Carbon in its purest form has very low toxicity. Carbon black dust, such as soot or coal dust can cause irritation and damage to the lungs when inhaled in large quantities. Carbon In its elemental form is one of the softest (graphite) and hardest (diamond) materials found in nature. Applications for graphitic carbon include in lubricant formulations and as the replacement for lead in pencils. Diamond and diamond micropowder have numerous industrial applications due to its extreme hardness and resistance to heat and pressure, including in geological drilling bits, grinding media and as a high strength, high temperature abrasive.Graphene is a nanoscale ultra thin film or foil with thicknesses as small as 1 nanometer which can be produced from either silicon carbide or graphite flake processing. These include in drill bits and grinding media and grinding equipment. Carbon also finds application in steel alloys, in various filtering and purification technologies and as a neutron moderator in nuclear power plants. Carbon is available as a nanoparticle and in single-walled, double-walled and multi-walled nanotubes with purities from 99% to 99.999% ( ultra-high purity ). Carbon was first discovered by Hans Christian Oersted in 1825. The name carbon originates from the Latin word 'carbo' meaning charcoal. See Carbon research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Cytochrome b mutation Y268S conferring the atovaquone resistance phenotype in the malaria parasite results in reduced parasite bc1 catalytic turnover and protein expression.
Fisher N, Abd Majid R, Antoine T, Al-Helal M, Warman AJ, Johnson DJ, Lawrenson AS, Ranson H, O'Neill PM, Ward SA, Biagini GA.
J Biol Chem. 2012 Jan 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22282497
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Serum ferritin levels and endocrinopathy in medically treated patients with ß thalassemia major.
Belhoul KM, Bakir ML, Saned MS, Kadhim AM, Musallam KM, Taher AT.
Ann Hematol. 2012 Jan 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22281991
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Iron supplementation to treat anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Besarab A, Coyne DW.
Nat Rev Nephrol. 2012 Jan 27;8(2):63. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2011.217. No abstract available.
PMID:
22281971
[PubMed - in process]
Anemia in Critical Illness: Insights into Etiology, Consequences and Management.
Hayden SJ, Albert TJ, Watkins TR, Swenson ER.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 Jan 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22281832
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
IRON fMRI measurements of CBV and implications for BOLD signal.
Mandeville JB.
Neuroimage. 2012 Jan 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22281669
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Fatal idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis in association with pregnancy - Medico-legal evaluation.
Töro K, Herjavecz I, Vereckei E, Kovács M.
J Forensic Leg Med. 2012 Feb;19(2):101-104. Epub 2011 Oct 24.
PMID:
22281220
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Reduction of Fe(III)EDTA(-) in a NO(x) scrubbing solution by magnetic Fe(3)O(4)-chitosan microspheres immobilized mixed culture of iron-reducing bacteria.
Jing G, Zhou J, Zhou Z, Lin T.
Bioresour Technol. 2011 Dec 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22281145
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Reactive oxygen species are involved in ferroportin degradation induced by ceruloplasmin mutant Arg701Trp.
Persichini T, Francesco GD, Capone C, Cutone A, Bonaccorsi di Patti MC, Colasanti M, Musci G.
Neurochem Int. 2012 Jan 20. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22281056
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effects of hypoxic preconditioning on the expression of iron influx and efflux proteins in primary neuron culture.
Du F, Fan M, Gong Q, Zhu LL, Zhu ZJ, Lu L, Ke Y.
Neurochem Int. 2012 Jan 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22281055
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Iron deposition of the deep grey matter in patients with multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica: A control quantitative study by 3D-enhanced susceptibility-weighted angiography (ESWAN).
Chen X, Zeng C, Luo T, Ouyang Y, Lv F, Rumzan R, Wang Z, Li Q, Wang J, Hou H, Huang F, Li Y.
Eur J Radiol. 2012 Jan 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22280874
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Iron golf club with improved mass properties and vibration damping.
Roach RL.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2012 Jan;131(1):643. No abstract available.
PMID:
22280652
[PubMed - in process]
Stability analysis of ultrasound thick-shell contrast agents.
Lu X, Chahine GL, Hsiao CT.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2012 Jan;131(1):24.
PMID:
22280568
[PubMed - in process]
Role of Ureaplasma urealyticum in altering the endothelial metal concentration during preeclampsia.
Padmini E, Uthra V.
Placenta. 2012 Jan 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22280558
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A polar corundum oxide displaying weak ferromagnetism at room temperature.
Li MR, Adem U, McMitchell SR, Xu Z, Thomas CI, Warren JE, Giap DV, Niu HJ, Wan X, Palgrave RG, Schiffmann F, Cora F, Slater B, Burnett TL, Cain MG, Abakumov AM, Van Tendeloo G, Thomas MF, Rosseinsky MJ, Claridge JB.
J Am Chem Soc. 2012 Jan 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22280499
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Targeting Vascular Changes in Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.
Karlik SJ, Roscoe WA, Patinote C, Contino-Pépin C.
Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem. 2012 Jan 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22280405
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
[Transformation of copper and chromium in co-contaminated soil and its influence on bioavailability for pakchoi (Brassica chinensis)].
Wang D, Wei W, Liang DL, Wang SS, Hu B.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2011 Oct;32(10):3113-20. Chinese.
PMID:
22279932
[PubMed - in process]
[Distribution characteristic and assessment of soil heavy metal pollution in the iron mining of Baotou in Inner Mongolia].
Guo W, Zhao RX, Zhang J, Bao YY, Wang H, Yang M, Sun XL, Jin F.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2011 Oct;32(10):3099-105. Chinese.
PMID:
22279930
[PubMed - in process]
[Study of inactivating sulfate reducing bacteria with zero-valent iron nanoparticles].
Shu ZY, Wang J, Huang Y.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2011 Oct;32(10):3040-4. Chinese.
PMID:
22279921
[PubMed - in process]
[Combination of intersticial cystitis and adenomyosis in females suffering from chronic pelvic pain syndrome].
[No authors listed]
Urologiia. 2011 Sep-Oct;(5):10, 12-4. Russian.
PMID:
22279779
[PubMed - in process]
[Antidiabetes drug metformin is a donor of nitric oxide: ESR measurement of efficiency].
[No authors listed]
Biofizika. 2011 Nov-Dec;56(6):1125-33. Russian.
PMID:
22279758
[PubMed - in process]
Recent Research & Development for Carbon
Hydrothermal Decarboxylation and Hydrogenation of Fatty Acids over Pt/C.
Fu J, Lu X, Savage PE.
ChemSusChem. 2011 Jan 27. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201000370. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21275064 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Total Synthesis of cyclo-Mumbaistatin Analogues through Anionic Homo-Fries Rearrangement.
Neufeind S, Hülsken N, Neudörfl JM, Schlörer N, Schmalz HG.
Chemistry. 2011 Jan 27. doi: 10.1002/chem.201003166. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21274958 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
1,2-Diphosphaacenaphthene 1,2-Dications: Synthetic, Stereochemical and Computational Study of the Stabilising Role of Naphthalene-1,8-diyl Backbone.
Somisara DM, Bühl M, Lebl T, Richardson NV, Slawin AM, Woollins JD, Kilian P.
Chemistry. 2011 Jan 27. doi: 10.1002/chem.201002259. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21274955 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Theoretical Investigation of Carbon-Sulfur Triple Bonds.
Denis PA, Iribarne F.
Chemistry. 2011 Feb 7;17(6):1979-1987. doi: 10.1002/chem.201002840. Epub 2011 Jan 12.PMID: 21274950 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Nickel-Catalyzed, Cascade Cycloadditions of 1-Ethynyl-8-halonaphthalenes with Nitriles: Synthesis, Structure, and Physical Properties of New Pyrroloarenes.
Wu TC, Tai CC, Tiao HC, Kuo MY, Wu YT.
Chemistry. 2011 Feb 7;17(6):1930-1935. doi: 10.1002/chem.201002905. Epub 2011 Jan 5.PMID: 21274944 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Direct Determination of Bioavailable Molybdenum in Carbon Nanotubes.
Giovanni M, Ambrosi A, Pumera M.
Chemistry. 2011 Feb 7;17(6):1806-1810. doi: 10.1002/chem.201002979. Epub 2011 Jan 17.PMID: 21274931 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Regiodivergent Addition of Carbon Units to Dual-Activated Alkynes for Stereoselective Construction of Tetrasubstituted Alkenes.
Ueda M, Matsubara H, Yoshida KI, Sato A, Naito T, Miyata O.
Chemistry. 2011 Feb 7;17(6):1789-1792. doi: 10.1002/chem.201002744. Epub 2011 Jan 5. No abstract available. PMID: 21274928 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Selective Electron- or Hole-Transport Enhancement in Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells with N- or B-Doped Carbon Nanotubes.
Lee JM, Park JS, Lee SH, Kim H, Yoo S, Kim SO.
Adv Mater. 2011 Feb 1;23(5):629-633. doi: 10.1002/adma.201003296. Epub 2010 Nov 30. No abstract available. PMID: 21274910 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
2D correlation spectra edited by the sign of relative coupling constant.
Blechta V, Schraml J.
Magn Reson Chem. 2011 Jan 28. doi: 10.1002/mrc.2720. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21274902 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Variation in folate pathway genes and distal colorectal adenoma risk: a sigmoidoscopy-based case-control study.
Levine AJ, Lee W, Figueiredo JC, Conti DV, Vandenberg DJ, Davis BD, Edlund CK, Henning SM, Heber D, Stern MC, Haile RW.
Cancer Causes Control. 2011 Jan 28. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21274745 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Assessing the potential exposure risk and control for airborne titanium dioxide and carbon black nanoparticles in the workplace.
Ling MP, Chio CP, Chou WC, Chen WY, Hsieh NH, Lin YJ, Liao CM.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2011 Jan 28. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21274640 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Assessing the risk to firefighters from chemical vapors and gases during vehicle fire suppression.
Fent KW, Evans DE.
J Environ Monit. 2011 Jan 28. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21274476 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Seasonal evaluation of outdoor/indoor air quality in primary schools in Lisbon.
Pegas PN, Alves CA, Evtyugina MG, Nunes T, Cerqueira M, Franchi M, Pio CA, Almeida SM, Verde SC, Freitas MC.
J Environ Monit. 2011 Jan 27. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21274462 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The Magnitude and Duration of Late Ordovician-Early Silurian Glaciation.
Finnegan S, Bergmann K, Eiler JM, Jones DS, Fike DA, Eisenman I, Hughes NC, Tripati AK, Fischer WW.
Science. 2011 Jan 27. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21273448 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Role of magnesium in alleviation of aluminium toxicity in plants.
Bose J, Babourina O, Rengel Z.
J Exp Bot. 2011 Jan 27. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21273333 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Staphylococcus aureus ClpC is involved in protection of carbon-metabolizing enzymes from carbonylation during stationary growth phase.
Chatterjee I, Maisonneuve E, Ezraty B, Herrmann M, Dukan S.
Int J Med Microbiol. 2011 Jan 25. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21273120 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Retrofit implementation of Zernike phase plate imaging for cryo-TEM.
Marko M, Leith A, Hsieh C, Danev R.
J Struct Biol. 2011 Jan 24. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21272647 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effects of Co-expression of Molecular Chaperones on Heterologous Soluble Expression of the Cold-active Lipase Lip-948.
Shuo-Shuo C, Xue-Zheng L, Ji-Hong S.
Protein Expr Purif. 2011 Jan 24. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21272645 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Transcriptional regulation of main metabolic pathways of cyoA, cydB, fnr, and fur gene knockout Escherichia coli in C-limited and N-limited aerobic continuous cultures.
Kumar R, Shimizu K.
Microb Cell Fact. 2011 Jan 27;10(1):3. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21272324 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Free Article
Microbial diversity associated with four functional groups of benthic reef algae and the reef-building coral Montastraea annularis.
Barott KL, Rodriguez-Brito B, Janouskovec J, Marhaver K, Smith JE, Keeling P, Rohwer FL.
Environ Microbiol. 2011 Jan 27. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02419.x. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21272183 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]