American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopeia/British Pharmacopeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.See safety data and research below and pricing/lead time above. American Elements specializes in producing high purity Gallium Selenide Sputtering targets with the highest possible density and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes nanoparticles. We also produce Gallium as disc, granules, ingot, pellets, pieces, powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request.
Gallium is a Block P, Group 13, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Gallium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 3 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1. In its elemental form gallium's CAS number is 7440-55-3. The gallium atom has a radius of 122.1.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 187.pm. Gallium is not toxic. Gallium is one of three elements that naturally occur as a liquid at room temperature. The other two are mercury and cesium. The application of gallium that has received the most attention is the production of semiconducting compounds. Of these, the most important are the compounds of gallium with Gallium, arsenic or phosphor. Nowadays gallium arsenide (Ga-As) is undoubtedly the most used. This compound is used in the production of several electronic parts such as diodes and transistors, made for voltage rectification, signal amplification, etc. Other gallium arsenide applications are the semiconductor "lasing" and microwave generation and also in sensors to measure temperature, light or magnetic field. Gallium was first discovered by Hans Christian Oersted in 1825.
Selenium is a Block P, Group 16, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Selenium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 6 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4. In its elemental form selenium's CAS number is 7782-49-2. The selenium atom has a radius of 116.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 190.pm. The EPA does not classify selenium as carcinogenic, although selenium sulfide is a probable carcinogen. Selenates and selenites which are compounds of selenium, are highly toxic. Hydrogen selenide gas (SeH2) is the most acutely toxic compound of selenium. Selenium exhibits both photovoltaic action, where light is converted directly into electricity, and photoconductive action, where the electrical resistance decreases with increased illumination. of photocells and exposure meters for photographic use, as well as solar cells. Below its melting point, selenium is a p-type semiconductor and has many uses in electronic and solid-state applications. Selenium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Selenium was first discovered by Jons Berzelius in 1817. The origin of the name Selenium comes from the Greek word "Selênê" meaning moon. See selenium research below.
Synthesis of fluoranthenes by hydroarylation of alkynes catalyzed by gold(I) or gallium trichloride.
Pascual S, Bour C, de Mendoza P, Echavarren AM.
Beilstein J Org Chem. 2011;7:1520-5. Epub 2011 Nov 14.
PMID:
22238527
[PubMed - in process]
Radioguided surgery in neuroendocrine tumors using ga-68-labeled somatostatin analogs: a pilot study.
Kaemmerer D, Prasad V, Daffner W, Haugvik SP, Senftleben S, Baum RP, Hommann M.
Clin Nucl Med. 2012 Feb;37(2):142-7.
PMID:
22228336
[PubMed - in process]
Complexation of Metal Ions with TRAP (1,4,7-Triazacyclononane Phosphinic Acid) Ligands and 1,4,7-Triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic Acid: Phosphinate-Containing Ligands as Unique Chelators for Trivalent Gallium.
Simecek J, Schulz M, Notni J, Plutnar J, Kubícek V, Havlícková J, Hermann P.
Inorg Chem. 2012 Jan 2;51(1):577-90. Epub 2011 Dec 20.
PMID:
22221285
[PubMed - in process]
A Sterically Demanding Iminopyridine Ligand Affords Redox-Active Complexes of Aluminum(III) and Gallium(III).
Myers TW, Berben LA.
Inorg Chem. 2012 Jan 5. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22220939
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Report from the 1(st )World Congress on Gallium-68 and Peptide Receptor Radio Nuclide Therapy (PRRNT), Bad Berka (Germany), June 23-26, 2011.
Jurgilewicz D.
Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur. 2011;14(2):125-6. No abstract available.
PMID:
22219158
[PubMed - in process]
Molecular effects of gallium on osteoclastic differentiation of mouse and human monocytes.
Verron E, Loubat A, Carle GF, Vignes-Colombeix C, Strazic I, Guicheux J, Rochet N, Bouler JM, Scimeca JC.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2011 Dec 19. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22202439
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The ARRONAX Project.
Haddad F, Barbet J, Chatal JF.
Curr Radiopharm. 2011 Jul 1;4(3):186-96.
PMID:
22201708
[PubMed - in process]
Differential Cytostatic and Cytotoxic Action of Metallocorroles against Human Cancer Cells: Potential Platforms for Anticancer Drug Development.
Lim P, Mahammed A, Okun Z, Saltsman I, Gross Z, Gray HB, Termini J.
Chem Res Toxicol. 2012 Jan 10. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22185566
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Autonomic Restoration of Electrical Conductivity.
Blaiszik BJ, Kramer SL, Grady ME, McIlroy DA, Moore JS, Sottos NR, White SR.
Adv Mater. 2011 Dec 20. doi: 10.1002/adma.201102888. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22183927
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Dependence of the Redshifted and Blueshifted Photoluminescence Spectra of Single In_{x}Ga_{1-x}As/GaAs Quantum Dots on the Applied Uniaxial Stress.
Jöns KD, Hafenbrak R, Singh R, Ding F, Plumhof JD, Rastelli A, Schmidt OG, Bester G, Michler P.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Nov 18;107(21):217402. Epub 2011 Nov 15.
PMID:
22181923
[PubMed - in process]
Second line salvage chemotherapy for transplant-eligible patients with Hodgkin lymphoma resistant to platinum-containing first-line salvage chemotherapy.
Villa D, Seshadri T, Puig N, Massey C, Tsang R, Keating A, Crump M, Kuruvilla J.
Haematologica. 2011 Dec 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22180434
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Hole spin relaxation in Ge-Si core-shell nanowire qubits.
Hu Y, Kuemmeth F, Lieber CM, Marcus CM.
Nat Nanotechnol. 2011 Dec 18;7(1):47-50. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2011.234.
PMID:
22179569
[PubMed - in process]
Synthesis, radiometal labeling and in vitro evaluation of a targeted PPIX derivative.
Behnam Azad B, Cho CF, Lewis JD, Luyt LG.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2012 Mar;70(3):505-11. Epub 2011 Dec 6.
PMID:
22178308
[PubMed - in process]
Leukemia, thyroiditis and gallium-67 scan.
Wiwanitkit V.
Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol. 2011 Apr;32(2):122. No abstract available.
PMID:
22174505
[PubMed - in process]
Unusual presentation of mycosis fungoides as a lump in the scalp.
Imran MB, Othman S, Shahid A.
Singapore Med J. 2011 Nov;52(11):e226-8.
PMID:
22173261
[PubMed - in process]
(68)Ga-labeling and in vivo evaluation of a uPAR binding DOTA- and NODAGA-conjugated peptide for PET imaging of invasive cancers.
Persson M, Madsen J, Ostergaard S, Ploug M, Kjaer A.
Nucl Med Biol. 2011 Dec 13. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22172391
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Cathodoluminescence spectra of gallium nitride nanorods.
Tsai CC, Li GH, Lin YT, Chang CW, Wadekar P, Chen QY, Rigutti L, Tchernycheva M, Julien FH, Tu LW.
Nanoscale Res Lett. 2011 Dec 14;6(1):631. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22168896
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Design of neutral lewis superacids of group 13 elements.
Mück LA, Timoshkin AY, Frenking G.
Inorg Chem. 2012 Jan 2;51(1):640-6. Epub 2011 Dec 14.
PMID:
22168307
[PubMed - in process]
Role of Gallium-67 scintigraphy in the evaluation of occult sepsis in the medical ICU.
Chen WC, Tsai KD, Chen CH, Lin MS, Chen CM, Shih CM, Chen W.
Intern Emerg Med. 2011 Dec 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22167445
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Susceptibility of Candida albicans to photodynamic therapy using methylene blue and toluidine blue as photosensitizing dyes.
Pupo YM, Gomes GM, Santos EB, Chaves L, Michel MD, Kozlowski VA Jr, Gomes OM, Gomes JC.
Acta Odontol Latinoam. 2011;24(2):188-92.
PMID:
22165318
[PubMed - in process]
Selenoprotein K binds multi-protein complexes and is involved in the regulation of ER homeostasis.
Shchedrina VA, Everley RA, Zhang Y, Gygi SP, Hatfield DL, Gladyshev VN.
J Biol Chem. 2011 Oct 20. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22016385
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Catalytic activity of selenomethionine in removing amino acid, peptide, and protein hydroperoxides.
Suryo Rahmanto A, Davies MJ.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2011 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22015433
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Combination of chemometrically assisted voltammetry, calorimetry, and circular dichroism as a new method for the study of bioinorganic substances: application to selenocystine metal complexes.
Gusmão R, Prohens R, Díaz-Cruz JM, Ariño C, Esteban M.
J Biol Inorg Chem. 2011 Oct 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22015398
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Marine and farmed fish on the Polish market: Comparison of the nutritive value and human exposure to PCDD/Fs and other contaminants.
Szlinder-Richert J, Usydus Z, Malesa-Ciecwierz M, Polak-Juszczak L, Ruczynska W.
Chemosphere. 2011 Oct 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22014661
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Dietary selenium reduces retention of methyl mercury in freshwater fish.
Bjerregaard P, Fjordside S, Hansen MG, Petrova MB.
Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Oct 20. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22014184
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Plant and fungal food components with potential activity on the development of microbial oral diseases.
Daglia M, Papetti A, Mascherpa D, Grisoli P, Giusto G, Lingström P, Pratten J, Signoretto C, Spratt DA, Wilson M, Zaura E, Gazzani G.
J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011;2011:274578. Epub 2011 Oct 17.
PMID:
22013381
[PubMed - in process]
Selenium, selenoproteins and the thyroid gland: interactions in health and disease.
Schomburg L.
Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011 Oct 18. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2011.174. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22009156
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Selenium inhibits migration of murine melanoma cells via down-modulation of IL-18 expression.
Song H, Kim J, Lee HK, Park HJ, Nam J, Park GB, Kim YS, Cho D, Hur DY.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2011 Oct 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22008306
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Detection, Identification, and Quantification of Selenoproteins in a Candidate Human Plasma Standard Reference Material.
Ballihaut G, Kilpatrick LE, Davis WC.
Anal Chem. 2011 Oct 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22007999
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Severe pre-eclampsia is associated with abnormal trace elements concentrations in maternal and fetal blood.
Katz O, Paz-Tal O, Lazer T, Aricha-Tamir B, Mazor M, Wiznitzer A, Sheiner E.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2011 Oct 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22007865
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effects of Selenium Supplements on Cancer Prevention: Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Lee EH, Myung SK, Jeon YJ, Kim Y, Chang YJ, Ju W, Seo HG, Huh BY.
Nutr Cancer. 2011 Oct 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22004275
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Study of the correlation of serum selenium level with Behcet's disease.
Esalatmanesh K, Jamshidi A, Shahram F, Davatchi F, Masoud SA, Soleimani Z, Salesi M, Ghaffarpasand I.
Int J Rheum Dis. 2011 Oct;14(4):375-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1756-185X.2011.01649.x. Epub 2011 Sep 5.
PMID:
22004235
[PubMed - in process]
Multi-metal(loid) methylation in methanoarchaea is linked to central intermediates of methanogenesis.
Thomas F, Diaz-Bone RA, Wuerfel O, Huber B, Weidenbach K, Schmitz RA, Hensel R.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Oct 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22003009
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The Effects of Di(2-Ethylhexyl)Phthalate Exposure and Selenium Nutrition on Sertoli Cell Vimentin Structure and Germ-Cell Apoptosis in Rat Testis.
Erkekoglu P, Zeybek ND, Giray B, Asan E, Hincal F.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011 Oct 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22002783
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A superoxide anion-scavenger, 1,3-selenazolidin-4-one suppresses serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by activating MAP kinase.
Nishina A, Kimura H, Kozawa K, Sommen G, Nakamura T, Heimgartner H, Koketsu M, Furukawa S.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2011 Oct 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22001386
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Nutrition, dietary supplements and adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
Schultz C, Meier M, Schmid HP.
Maturitas. 2011 Oct 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22001108
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Interactions of Cu(I) with Selenium-Containing Amino Acids Determined by NMR, XAS, and DFT Studies.
Wang HC, Riahi M, Pothen J, Bayse CA, Riggs-Gelasco P, Brumaghim JL.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Oct 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21999616
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effects of Basal Media and Supplements on Diethylstilbestrol-Treated Immature Mouse Primary Granulosa Cell Growth and Regulation of Steroidogenesis In Vitro.
Ding T, Luo A, Yang S, Lai Z, Wang Y, Shen W, Jiang J, Lu Y, Ma D, Wang S.
Reprod Domest Anim. 2011 Oct 15. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01879.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21999365
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Demographic and lifestyle factors and selenium levels in men and women in the U.S.
Park K, Rimm E, Siscovick D, Spiegelman D, Morris JS, Mozaffarian D.
Nutr Res Pract. 2011 Aug;5(4):357-64. Epub 2011 Aug 31.
PMID:
21994531
[PubMed - in process]
New group 11 complexes with metal-selenium bonds of methyldiphenylphosphane selenide: a solid state, solution and theoretical investigation.
Pop A, Silvestru A, Gimeno MC, Laguna A, Kulcsar M, Arca M, Lippolis V, Pintus A.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Oct 13. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21993712
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Proud sponsors of Aeromat 2012. Please join us and our customers & co-sponsors Boeing and ATI on
June 18-20, 2012
in Charlotte, North Carolina
and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes nanoparticles. We also produce Gallium as disc, granules, ingot, pellets, pieces, powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request.
Gallium is a Block P, Group 13, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Gallium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 3 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1. In its elemental form gallium's CAS number is 7440-55-3. The gallium atom has a radius of 122.1.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 187.pm. Gallium is not toxic. Gallium is one of three elements that naturally occur as a liquid at room temperature. The other two are mercury and cesium. The application of gallium that has received the most attention is the production of semiconducting compounds. Of these, the most important are the compounds of gallium with Gallium, arsenic or phosphor. Nowadays gallium arsenide (Ga-As) is undoubtedly the most used. This compound is used in the production of several electronic parts such as diodes and transistors, made for voltage rectification, signal amplification, etc. Other gallium arsenide applications are the semiconductor "lasing" and microwave generation and also in sensors to measure temperature, light or magnetic field. Gallium was first discovered by Hans Christian Oersted in 1825.
Selenium is a Block P, Group 16, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Selenium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 6 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4. In its elemental form selenium's CAS number is 7782-49-2. The selenium atom has a radius of 116.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 190.pm. The EPA does not classify selenium as carcinogenic, although selenium sulfide 
is a probable carcinogen. Selenates and selenites which are compounds of selenium, are highly toxic. Hydrogen selenide gas (SeH2) is the most acutely toxic compound of selenium. Selenium exhibits both photovoltaic action, where light is converted directly into electricity, and photoconductive action, where the electrical resistance decreases with increased illumination. of photocells and exposure meters for photographic use, as 
well as solar cells. Below its melting point, selenium is a p-type semiconductor and has many uses in electronic and solid-state applications. Selenium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Selenium was first discovered by Jons Berzelius in 1817. The origin of the name Selenium comes from the Greek word "Selênê" meaning moon. See selenium research below. 
