Gadolinium Chloride is an excellent water soluble crystalline Gadolinium source for uses compatible with chlorides. Hydrate or anhydrous forms may be purchased. Chloride compounds can conduct electricity when fused or dissolved in water. Chloride materials can be decomposed by electrolysis to chlorine gas and the metal. They are formed through various chlorination processes whereby at least one chlorine anion (Cl-) is covalently bonded to the relevant metal or cation. Ultra high purity and proprietary formulations can be prepared. The chloride ion controls fluid equilibrium and pH levels in metabolic systems. They can form either inorganic or organic compounds. Gadolinium is utilized for both its high magnetic moment (7.94 µB) and in phosphors and scintillators. When complexed with EDTA ligands, it is used as an injectable contrast agent for patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. Gadolinium Chlroide is generally immediately available in most volumes. Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards. Nanoscale (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots) elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered. We also produce Gadolinium Chloride Solution.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Gadolinium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Gadolinium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2. In its elemental form gadolinium's CAS number is 7440-54-2. The gadolinium atom has a radius of 178.7.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Gadolinium is very toxic. Gadolinium is utilized for both its high magnetic moment (7.94µB) and in phosphors and scintillator material. When complexed with EDTA ligands, it is used as an injectable contrast agent for patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. With its high magnetic moment, gadolinium can reduce relaxation times and thereby enhance signal intensity. The extra stable half-full 4f electron shell with no low lying energy levels creates applications as an inert phosphor host. Gadolinium can therefore act as hosts for x-ray cassettes and in scintillator materials for computer tomography. Gadolinium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Gadolinium was first discovered by Jean de Marignac in 1880. The element is named after the Finnish chemist and geologist Johan Gadolin. See Gadolinium research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Feasibility of Using MR Enterography (MRE) for the Assessment of Terminal Ileitis and Inflammatory Activity in Children with Crohn's Disease (CD).
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J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012 Jan 10. [Epub ahead of print]
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[Pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland: MR imaging findings].
Zhang B, Shi HM.
Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2011 Dec;20(6):648-52. Chinese.
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22241320
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CMR With Late Gadolinium Enhancement in Genotype Positive-Phenotype Negative Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
Rowin EJ, Maron MS, Lesser JR, Maron BJ.
JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012 Jan;5(1):119-22. No abstract available.
PMID:
22239901
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Peptide-mediated nanoengineering of inorganic particle sur-faces: A general route toward surface functionalization via peptide adhesion domains.
Schwemmer T, Baumgartner J, Faivre D, Boerner HG.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Dec 23. [Epub ahead of print]
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22239472
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Aqueductal developmental venous anomaly as an unusual cause of congenital hydrocephalus: a case report and review of the literature.
Paulson D, Hwang SW, Whitehead WE, Curry DJ, Luerssen TG, Jea A.
J Med Case Reports. 2012 Jan 11;6(1):7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22236945
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MR Imaging and CT Evaluation of Congenital Pulmonary Vein Abnormalities in Neonates and Infants.
Vyas HV, Greenberg SB, Krishnamurthy R.
Radiographics. 2012 Jan;32(1):87-98.
PMID:
22236895
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In vivo MRI Characterization of Progressive Cardiac Dysfunction in the mdx Mouse Model of Muscular Dystrophy.
Stuckey DJ, Carr CA, Camelliti P, Tyler DJ, Davies KE, Clarke K.
PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e28569. Epub 2012 Jan 3.
PMID:
22235247
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Impact of inflammation on brain volume in multiple sclerosis.
Cheriyan J, Kim S, Wolansky LJ, Cook SD, Cadavid D.
Arch Neurol. 2012 Jan;69(1):82-8.
PMID:
22232347
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A calcium-permeable non-selective cation channel in the thick ascending limb apical membrane of the mouse kidney.
Guinamard R, Paulais M, Lourdel S, Teulon J.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Dec 31. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22230350
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Ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: toward improved treatment decisions.
Murakami T, Imai Y, Okada M, Hyodo T, Lee WJ, Kim MJ, Kim T, Choi BI.
Oncology. 2011;81 Suppl 1:86-99. Epub 2011 Dec 22.
PMID:
22212941
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Diagnostic imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: recent progress.
Kudo M.
Oncology. 2011;81 Suppl 1:73-85. Epub 2011 Dec 22.
PMID:
22212940
[PubMed - in process]
Usefulness of combination of imaging modalities in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma using sonazoid®-enhanced ultrasound, gadolinium diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic Acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography.
Alaboudy A, Inoue T, Hatanaka K, Chung H, Hyodo T, Kumano S, Murakami T, Moustafa EF, Kudo M.
Oncology. 2011;81 Suppl 1:66-72. Epub 2011 Dec 22.
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[PubMed - in process]
Gd(2)O(3) nanoparticles in hematopoietic cells for MRI contrast enhancement.
Hedlund A, Ahrén M, Gustafsson H, Abrikossova N, Warntjes M, Jönsson JI, Uvdal K, Engström M.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2011;6:3233-40. Epub 2011 Dec 9.
PMID:
22228991
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Hepatic Uptake of Tc-99m DPD on Bone Scintigraphy: The Influence of the Interval With Gadolinium-Containing Contrast of MRI.
Pak K, Kim SJ, Kim IJ, Suh KT.
Clin Nucl Med. 2012 Feb;37(2):134-6.
PMID:
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Hepatic parenchymal enhancement at Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging: correlation with morphological grading of severity in cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis.
Kanki A, Tamada T, Higaki A, Noda Y, Tanimoto D, Sato T, Higashi H, Ito K.
Magn Reson Imaging. 2012 Jan 5. [Epub ahead of print]
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22227353
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A simple way to acquire T(1)-weighted MR images of rat liver with respiratory triggering.
Morikawa S, Murayama H, Fujimoto S, Shiino A, Inubushi T.
Magn Reson Imaging. 2012 Jan 5. [Epub ahead of print]
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Firategrast for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Miller DH, Weber T, Grove R, Wardell C, Horrigan J, Graff O, Atkinson G, Dua P, Yousry T, Macmanus D, Montalban X.
Lancet Neurol. 2012 Jan 5. [Epub ahead of print]
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Potential of the gastric motility drug lorglumide in prostate cancer imaging.
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Eur J Pharm Sci. 2011 Dec 30. [Epub ahead of print]
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Assessment of Distribution and Evolution of Mechanical Dyssynchrony in a Porcine Model of Myocardial Infarction by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance.
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Hyperpolarized 13C spectroscopy detects early changes in tumor vasculature and metabolism after VEGF neutralization.
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Material Safety Data Sheet
1 Identification of substance
Product details
Trade name Gadolinium chloride
2 Composition/Data on components:
Chemical characterization: Designation: (CAS#)
Gadolinium chloride, anhydrous (CAS# 10138-52-0), 100%
Identification number(s):
EINECS Number: 233-386-6
3 Hazards identification
Hazard designation: Xi Irritant
Information pertaining to particular dangers for man and environment
R 36/38 Irritating to eyes and skin.
4 First aid measures
After inhalation
Supply fresh air. If required, provide artificial respiration. Keep patient warm. Consult doctor if symptoms persist.
Seek immediate medical advice.
After skin contact
Instantly wash with water and soap and rinse thoroughly.
Seek immediate medical advice.
After eye contact
Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. Then consult doctor.
After swallowing Seek immediate medical advice.
5 Fire fighting measures
Suitable extinguishing agents
CO2, extinguishing powder or water jet. Fight larger fires with water jet.
Special hazards caused by the material, its products of combustion or flue gases:
Can be released in case of fire:
Hydrogen chloride (HCl)
Protective equipment:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
Wear full protective suit.
Measures for environmental protection:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
Measures for cleaning/collecting: Collect mechanically.
Additional information:
See Section 7 for information on safe handling
See section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.
See Section 13 for information on disposal.
7 Handling and storage
Handling
Information for safe handling:
Handle under dry protective gas.
Keep containers tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry place in tightly closed containers.
Ensure good ventilation/exhaustion at the workplace.
Information about protection against explosions and fires:
No special measures required.
Storage
Requirements to be met by storerooms and containers:
No special requirements.
Information about storage in one common storage facility:
Store away from water.
Do not store together with alkalis (caustic solutions).
Further information about storage conditions:
This product is hygroscopic.
Store under dry inert gas.
Protect from humidity and keep away from water.
Keep container tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers.
8 Exposure controls and personal protection
Additional information about design of technical systems:
Properly operating chemical fume hood designed for hazardous chemicals and having an average face velocity of at least 100 feet per minute.
Components with critical values that require monitoring at the workplace:
Not required.
Additional information: No data
Personal protective equipment
General protective and hygienic measures
The usual precautionary measures should be adhered to in handling the chemicals.
Keep away from foodstuffs, beverages and food.
Instantly remove any soiled and impregnated garments.
Wash hands during breaks and at the end of the work.
Avoid contact with the eyes and skin.
Breathing equipment: Use breathing protection with high concentrations.
Protection of hands: Impervious gloves
Eye protection:
Safety glasses
Face protection
Body protection: Protective work clothing.
9 Physical and chemical properties:
General Information
Form: Powder
Colour: White
Smell: Odourless
Value/Range Unit Method
Change in condition
Melting point/Melting range: 609 ° C
Boiling point/Boiling range: Not determined
Sublimation temperature / start: Not determined
Flash point: Not applicable
Ignition temperature: Not determined
Decomposition temperature: Not determined
Danger of explosion: Product is not explosive.
Critical values for explosion:
Lower: Not determined
Upper: Not determined
Steam pressure: Not determined
Density at 20 ° C 4.52 g/cm³
Solubility in / Miscibility with
Water: Soluble
10 Stability and reactivity
Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided:
No decomposition if used and stored according to specifications.
Materials to be avoided:
Water/moisture
Bases
Dangerous reactions: No dangerous reactions known
Dangerous products of decomposition:
Hydrogen chloride (HCl)
Chlorine
Metal oxide
11 Toxicological information
Acute toxicity:
Primary irritant effect:
on the skin: Irritant for skin and mucous membranes.
on the eye: Irritant effect.
Sensitization: No sensitizing effect known.
Additional toxicological information:
To the best of our knowledge the acute and chronic toxicity of this substance is not fully known.
No classification data on carcinogenic properties of this material is available from the EPA, IARC, NTP, OSHA or ACGIH.
12 Ecological information:
General notes:
Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.
Water hazard class 1 (Self-assessment): slightly hazardous for water.
Do not allow undiluted product or large quantities of it to reach ground water, water bodies or sewage system.
13 Disposal considerations
Product:
Recommendation
Consult state, local or national regulations for proper disposal.
Hand over to disposers of hazardous waste.
Must be specially treated under adherence to official regulations.
Uncleaned packagings:
Recommendation:
Disposal must be made according to official regulations.
Recommended cleaning agent: Water, if necessary with cleaning agent.
14 Transport information
Land transport ADR/RID and GGVS/GGVE (cross-border/domestic)
ADR/RID-GGVS/E Class: None
Maritime transport IMDG/GGVSea:
IMDG/GGVSea Class: None
Air transport ICAO-TI and IATA-DGR:
ICAO/IATA Class: None
Transport/Additional information:
Not dangerous according to the above specifications.
15 Regulatory information
Designation according to EC guidelines:
Code letter and hazard designation of product: Xi Irritant
Risk phrases: 36/38 Irritating to eyes and skin.
Safety phrases:
26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
National regulations
Information about limitation of use:
For use only by technically qualified individuals.
Employment restrictions concerning young persons must be observed.
Water hazard class:
Water hazard class 1 (Self-assessment): slightly hazardous for water.
16 Other information:
Employers should use this information only as a supplement to other information gathered by them, and should make independent judgement of suitability of this information to ensure proper use and protect the health and safety of employees. This information is furnished without warranty, and any use of the product not in conformance with this Material Safety Data Sheet, or in combination with any other product or process, is the responsibility of the user.
Gadolinium Chloride is an excellent water soluble crystalline Gadolinium source for uses compatible with chlorides. Hydrate or anhydrous forms may be purchased. Chloride compounds can conduct electricity when fused or dissolved in water. Chloride materials can be decomposed by electrolysis to chlorine gas and the metal. They are formed through various chlorination processes whereby at least one chlorine anion (Cl-) is covalently bonded to the relevant metal or cation. Ultra high purity and proprietary formulations can be prepared. The chloride ion controls fluid equilibrium and pH levels in metabolic systems. They can form either inorganic or organic compounds. Gadolinium is utilized for both its high magnetic moment (7.94 µB) and in phosphors and scintillators. When complexed with EDTA ligands, it is used as an injectable contrast agent for patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. Gadolinium Chlroide is generally immediately available in most volumes. Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards. Nanoscale (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots) elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered. We also produce Gadolinium Chloride Solution.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Gadolinium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Gadolinium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2. In its elemental form gadolinium's CAS number is 7440-54-2. The gadolinium atom has a radius of 178.7.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Gadolinium is very toxic. Gadolinium is utilized for both its high magnetic moment (7.94µB) and in phosphors and 
scintillator material. When complexed with EDTA ligands, it is used as an injectable contrast agent for patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. With its high magnetic moment, gadolinium can reduce relaxation times and thereby enhance signal intensity. The extra stable half-full 4f electron shell with no low lying energy levels creates applications as an inert phosphor host. Gadolinium can therefore act as hosts for x-ray cassettes and in scintillator materials for computer tomography. Gadolinium is available as metal and compounds 
with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Gadolinium was first discovered by Jean de Marignac in 1880. The element is named after the Finnish chemist and geologist Johan Gadolin. See Gadolinium research below. 
