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Gadolinia doped Ceria Sputtering Target (GDC)
Cerium Oxide stabilized with Gadolinium Oxide
CeO2/Gd2O3
Product Product Code Order or Specifications
Gadolinia doped Ceria Sputtering Target (Gd = 10%) Powder CE-OX-02-GDC10-ST Contact American Elements
Gadolinia doped Ceria Sputtering Target (Gd = 10%) Ink CE-OX-02-GDC10-ST Contact American Elements
Gadolinia doped Ceria Sputtering Target (Gd = 20%) Powder CE-OX-02-GDC20-ST Contact American Elements
Gadolinia doped Ceria Sputtering Target (Gd = 20%) Ink CE-OX-02-GDC20-ST Contact American Elements
American Elements specializes in producing Gadolinia doped Ceria Sputtering Target (GDC), cerium oxide stabilized by various doping levels of gadolinium oxide, solid oxide fuel cell cathode and electrolyte cross section by SEMa material that upon firing forms a highly ionically conductive thin film electrolyte layer for use in solid oxide fuel cell electrochemistry structures. Gadolinium Oxide doped Ceria belongs to a class of doped Ceria compounds with ionic conductivity exceeding Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes. These include Samarium doped Ceria (SDC) and Yttria doped Ceria (YDC). Even higher conductivity can be achieved with American Elements Scandia doped Zirconia (SCZ) and Yttria doped Bismuth Oxide. Gadolinium Oxide doped Cerium Oxide is also available in a powder for tape casting, air spray, extrusion and sputtering fuel cell applications and as an ink for screen printing. Gadolinia doping levels are available at 10% and 20% and as specified by customer. American Elements provides guidance on firing parameters, doping levels, and thermal expansion matching with American Elements' cathode and anode cell layers.

Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes nanoparticles.

Gadolinium(Gd) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbolGadolinium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Gadolinium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2. In its elemental form gadolinium's CAS number is 7440-54-2. The gadolinium atom has a radius of 178.7.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown. Gadolinium is very toxic. Gadolinium is utilized for both its high magnetic moment (7.94µB) and in phosphors and Gadolinium Bohr Modelscintillator material. When complexed with EDTA ligands, it is used as an injectable contrast agent for patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. With its high magnetic moment, gadolinium can reduce relaxation times and thereby enhance signal intensity. The extra stable half-full 4f electron shell with no low lying energy levels creates applications as an inert phosphor host. Gadolinium can therefore act as hosts for x-ray cassettes and in scintillator materials for computer tomography. Gadolinium is available as metal and compounds Elemental Gadoliniumwith purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Gadolinium was first discovered by Jean de Marignac in 1880. The element is named after the Finnish chemist and geologist Johan Gadolin. See Gadolinium research below.

Cerium(Ce) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbolCerium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Cerium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe]4f2 6s2. In its elemental form cerium's CAS number is 7440-45-1. The cerium atom has a radius of 182.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 181.pm. Cerium is moderately toxic. Cerium is one of the products manufactured and distributed under the tradename AE Rare Earths. Cerium is the most abundant of the rare earths metals. It is characterized chemically by having two valence states , the +3 cerous and +4 ceric states. The ceric state is the only non-trivalent rare earth ion stable in aqueousCerium Bohr Model solutions.It is, therefore,Elemental Cerium strongly acidic and moderately toxic. It is also a strong oxidizer.The cerous state closely resembles the other trivalent rare earths. The numerous commercial applications for cerium include metallurgy, glass and glass polishing, ceramics, catalysts, as the electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cells when doped with yttrium, gadolinium or samarium and in phosphors. In steel manufacturing it is used to remove free oxygen and sulfur by forming stable oxysulfides and by tying up undesirable trace elements, such as lead and antimony. It is considered to be the most efficient glass polishing agent for precision optical polishing. It is also used to decolor glass by keeping iron in its ferrous state. The ability of cerium-doped glass to block out ultra violet light is utilized in the manufacturing of medical glassware and aerospace windows. It is also used to prevent polymers from darkening in sunlight and to suppress discoloration of television glass. Cerium was first discovered by W. von Hisinger in 1903. The element was named after the asteroid Ceres. See Cerium research below.

Formula CAS No. Appearance Molecular Weight Density Melting Point Boiling Point Solubility Stability
                 
PRODUCT CATALOG Cerium Products News Cerium Research, Properties, & Information Foil Submicron & Nanopowder Tolling Ultra High Purity Sputtering Target Crystal Growth Rod, Plate, Powder, etc. Fuel Cell Home

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PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES


Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.

 

 

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Recent Research & Development for Gadolinium

  • Feasibility of Using MR Enterography (MRE) for the Assessment of Terminal Ileitis and Inflammatory Activity in Children with Crohn's Disease (CD). Silverstein J, Grand D, Kawatu D, Shah SA, Steinkeler J, Leleiko N. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012 Jan 10. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22241511 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • [Pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland: MR imaging findings]. Zhang B, Shi HM. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2011 Dec;20(6):648-52. Chinese. PMID: 22241320 [PubMed - in process]

  • CMR With Late Gadolinium Enhancement in Genotype Positive-Phenotype Negative Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Rowin EJ, Maron MS, Lesser JR, Maron BJ. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012 Jan;5(1):119-22. No abstract available. PMID: 22239901 [PubMed - in process]

  • Peptide-mediated nanoengineering of inorganic particle sur-faces: A general route toward surface functionalization via peptide adhesion domains. Schwemmer T, Baumgartner J, Faivre D, Boerner HG. J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Dec 23. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22239472 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Aqueductal developmental venous anomaly as an unusual cause of congenital hydrocephalus: a case report and review of the literature. Paulson D, Hwang SW, Whitehead WE, Curry DJ, Luerssen TG, Jea A. J Med Case Reports. 2012 Jan 11;6(1):7. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22236945 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • MR Imaging and CT Evaluation of Congenital Pulmonary Vein Abnormalities in Neonates and Infants. Vyas HV, Greenberg SB, Krishnamurthy R. Radiographics. 2012 Jan;32(1):87-98. PMID: 22236895 [PubMed - in process]

  • In vivo MRI Characterization of Progressive Cardiac Dysfunction in the mdx Mouse Model of Muscular Dystrophy. Stuckey DJ, Carr CA, Camelliti P, Tyler DJ, Davies KE, Clarke K. PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e28569. Epub 2012 Jan 3. PMID: 22235247 [PubMed - in process]

  • Impact of inflammation on brain volume in multiple sclerosis. Cheriyan J, Kim S, Wolansky LJ, Cook SD, Cadavid D. Arch Neurol. 2012 Jan;69(1):82-8. PMID: 22232347 [PubMed - in process]

  • A calcium-permeable non-selective cation channel in the thick ascending limb apical membrane of the mouse kidney. Guinamard R, Paulais M, Lourdel S, Teulon J. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Dec 31. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22230350 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: toward improved treatment decisions. Murakami T, Imai Y, Okada M, Hyodo T, Lee WJ, Kim MJ, Kim T, Choi BI. Oncology. 2011;81 Suppl 1:86-99. Epub 2011 Dec 22. PMID: 22212941 [PubMed - in process]

  • Diagnostic imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: recent progress. Kudo M. Oncology. 2011;81 Suppl 1:73-85. Epub 2011 Dec 22. PMID: 22212940 [PubMed - in process]

  • Usefulness of combination of imaging modalities in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma using sonazoid®-enhanced ultrasound, gadolinium diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic Acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Alaboudy A, Inoue T, Hatanaka K, Chung H, Hyodo T, Kumano S, Murakami T, Moustafa EF, Kudo M. Oncology. 2011;81 Suppl 1:66-72. Epub 2011 Dec 22. PMID: 22212939 [PubMed - in process]

  • Gd(2)O(3) nanoparticles in hematopoietic cells for MRI contrast enhancement. Hedlund A, Ahrén M, Gustafsson H, Abrikossova N, Warntjes M, Jönsson JI, Uvdal K, Engström M. Int J Nanomedicine. 2011;6:3233-40. Epub 2011 Dec 9. PMID: 22228991 [PubMed - in process]

  • Hepatic Uptake of Tc-99m DPD on Bone Scintigraphy: The Influence of the Interval With Gadolinium-Containing Contrast of MRI. Pak K, Kim SJ, Kim IJ, Suh KT. Clin Nucl Med. 2012 Feb;37(2):134-6. PMID: 22228334 [PubMed - in process]

  • Hepatic parenchymal enhancement at Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging: correlation with morphological grading of severity in cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis. Kanki A, Tamada T, Higaki A, Noda Y, Tanimoto D, Sato T, Higashi H, Ito K. Magn Reson Imaging. 2012 Jan 5. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22227353 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • A simple way to acquire T(1)-weighted MR images of rat liver with respiratory triggering. Morikawa S, Murayama H, Fujimoto S, Shiino A, Inubushi T. Magn Reson Imaging. 2012 Jan 5. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22227350 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Firategrast for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Miller DH, Weber T, Grove R, Wardell C, Horrigan J, Graff O, Atkinson G, Dua P, Yousry T, Macmanus D, Montalban X. Lancet Neurol. 2012 Jan 5. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22226929 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Potential of the gastric motility drug lorglumide in prostate cancer imaging. Sturzu A, Sheikh S, Klose U, Echner H, Kalbacher H, Deeg M, Nägele T, Horger M, Schwentner C, Ernemann U, Heckl S. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2011 Dec 30. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22226647 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Assessment of Distribution and Evolution of Mechanical Dyssynchrony in a Porcine Model of Myocardial Infarction by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. Abd-Elmoniem KZ, Santaularia Tomas M, Sasano T, Soleimanifard S, Vonken EJ, Youssef A, Agarwal H, Dimaano VL, Calkins H, Stuber M, Prince JL, Abraham TP, Abraham MR. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2012 Jan 6;14(1):1. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22226320 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Hyperpolarized 13C spectroscopy detects early changes in tumor vasculature and metabolism after VEGF neutralization. Bohndiek SE, Kettunen MI, Hu DE, Brindle KM. Cancer Res. 2012 Jan 5. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22223844 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

     

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