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Germanium Gold Metal
High Purity GeAu Metal
Product Product Code Order or Specifications
(5N) 99.999% Germanium Gold Powder GE-AU-05-P Contact American Elements
(5N) 99.999% Germanium Gold Ingot GE-AU-05-I Contact American Elements
(5N) 99.999% Germanium Gold Chunk GE-AU-05-CK Contact American Elements
(5N) 99.999% Germanium Gold Sputtering Target GE-AU-05-ST Contact American Elements
99.999% Germanium Gold Pellets
GE-AU-05-PE
 Contact American Elements
(5N) 99.999% Germanium Gold Lump GE-AU-05-L Contact American Elements
Germanium Gold is one of numerous metal alloys sold by American Elements under the tradename AE Alloys™. Generally immediately available in most volumes, AE Alloys™ are available as bar, Ingot, ribbon, wire, shot, sheet, and foil. Ultra high purity and high purity forms also include metal powder, submicron powder and nanoscale, targets for thin film deposition, and pellets for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) applications.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Primary applications include bearing assembly, ballast, casting, step soldering, and radiation shielding.

Germanium(Ge) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbolGermanium is a Block P, Group 14, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Germanium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 4 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2. In its elemental form germanium's CAS number is 7440-56-4. The germanium atom has a radius of 122.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Germanium is not toxic. Germanium is a very important semiconductor. Zone-refining techniques have led to production of crystalline germanium for semiconductor use with extremely high purities. When germanium is doped with arsenic, gallium, or other elements, it is used as a transistor Elemental Germanium element in thousands of electronic Germanium Bohr Modelapplications. The most common use of germanium is as a semiconductor. Germanium is also finding many other applications including use as an alloying agent, as a phosphor in fluorescent lamps, and as a catalyst. Germanium and germanium oxide are transparent to the infrared and are used in infrared spectroscopes and other optical equipment, including extremely sensitive infrared detectors. The high refractive index and dispersion properties of its oxide's have made germanium useful as a component of wide-angle camera lenses and microscope objectives. The field of organo-germanium chemistry is becoming increasingly important. Germanium was first discovered by Clemens Winkler in 1886. See Germanium research below.

Gold(Au) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbol Gold is a Block D, Group 11, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Gold's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f142 5d10 6s1. In its elemental form gold's CAS number is 7440-57-5. The gold atom has a radius of 144.2.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 166.pm. Gold is not toxic. Gold is a soft metal and is usually alloyed to give it more strength. It is a good conductor of heat and electricity, and is unaffected by air and most reagents. It is used in coinage and is a standard for monetary systems. It is also extensively used for jewelry, dental work, Elemental Goldand for plating It is used for coating certain space satellites, as it Gold Bohr Modelis a good reflector of infrared and is inert. One area that has seen significant growth is the use of gold in electronics, particularly within telecommunications, information technology and safety critical applications. Similarly, within computers there are usually gold-plated edge connectors. Gold bonding wires are used extensively within semiconductor packages, gold thick film inks are applied in the fabrication of hybrid circuits and gold's excellent solder wetting properties are used to form a very thin protective layer on copper laminate printed circuit boards. Gold was first discovered by Early Man c.a. 3000. See Gold research below.

 
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Recent Research & Development for Germanium

  • Facile central-element exchange in neutral hexacoordinate germanium and silicon complexes; synthesis and characterization of germanium complexes. Yakubovich S, Kalikhman I, Kost D. Dalton Trans. 2010 Oct 21;39(39):9241-4. Epub 2010 Aug 18. PubMed PMID: 20717626.

  • Ionic nature of Ge(II)-centered dications: a germanium K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structures study. Ward MJ, Rupar PA, Murphy MW, Yiu YM, Baines KM, Sham TK. Chem Commun (Camb). 2010 Oct 7;46(37):7016-8. Epub 2010 Aug 25. PubMed PMID: 20740225.

  • Seedless Growth of Sub-10 nm Germanium Nanowires. Hobbs RG, Barth S, Petkov N, Zirngast M, Marschner C, Morris MA, Holmes JD. J Am Chem Soc. 2010 Oct 6;132(39):13742-9. PubMed PMID: 20836555.

  • Group IV nanoparticles: synthesis, properties, and biological applications. Fan J, Chu PK. Small. 2010 Oct 4;6(19):2080-98. PubMed PMID: 20730824.

  • Broadband spectral modification from visible light to near-infrared radiation using Ce(3+)-Er(3+) codoped yttrium aluminium garnet. Zhou J, Teng Y, Liu X, Ye S, Ma Z, Qiu J. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2010 Sep 27. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20871892.

  • Scanning Probe Direct-Write of Germanium Nanostructures. Torrey JD, Vasko SE, Kapetanovic A, Zhu Z, Scholl A, Rolandi M. Adv Mater. 2010 Sep 24. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20872407.

  • Bone densitometry using x-ray spectra. Krmar M, Shukla S, Ganezer K. Phys Med Biol. 2010 Sep 24;55(20):6105-6123. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20871137.

  • The effect of air mass origin on the ambient concentrations of (7)Be and (210)Pb in Islamabad, Pakistan. Ali N, Khan EU, Akhter P, Khattak NU, Khan F, Rana MA. J Environ Radioact. 2010 Sep 23. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20869795.

  • Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching of Silicon: A Review. Huang Z, Geyer N, Werner P, de Boor J, Gösele U. Adv Mater. 2010 Sep 21. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20859941.

  • ASSESSMENT OF RADIOLOGICAL HAZARDS OF CLAY BRICKS FABRICATED IN THE PUNJAB PROVINCE OF PAKISTAN. Asghar M, Tufail M, Khan K, Mahmood A. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2010 Sep 21. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20858678.

  • Toward a photoconducting semiconductor RF optical fiber antenna array. Davis R, Rice R, Ballato A, Hawkins T, Foy P, Ballato J. Appl Opt. 2010 Sep 20;49(27):5163-8. doi: 10.1364/AO.49.005163. PubMed PMID: 20856292.

  • Enhanced Raman Scattering from Nanoparticle-Decorated Nanocone Substrates: A Practical Approach to Harness In-Plane Excitation. Hu YS, Jeon J, Seok TJ, Lee S, Hafner JH, Drezek RA, Choo H. ACS Nano. 2010 Sep 13. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20836500.

  • Indium Flux-Growth of Eu(2)AuGe(3): A New Germanide with an AlB(2) Superstructure. Sebastian CP, Malliakas CD, Chondroudi M, Schellenberg I, Rayaprol S, Hoffmann RD, Po¨ttgen R, Kanatzidis MG. Inorg Chem. 2010 Sep 13. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20836517.

  • Germanium(ii) hydride mediated reduction of carbon dioxide to formic acid and methanol with ammonia borane as the hydrogen source. Jana A, Tavcar G, Roesky HW, John M. Dalton Trans. 2010 Sep 7. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20830405.

  • Survey of materials for nanoskiving and influence of the cutting process on the nanostructures produced. Lipomi DJ, Martinez RV, Rioux RM, Cademartiri L, Reus WF, Whitesides GM. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2010 Sep;2(9):2503-14. PubMed PMID: 20815347.

  • Dual energy CT at the synchrotron: A piglet model for neurovascular research. Schültke E, Kelly ME, Nemoz C, Fiedler S, Ogieglo L, Crawford P, Paterson J, Beavis C, Esteve F, Brochard T, Renier M, Requardt H, Dallery D, Le Duc G, Meguro K. Eur J Radiol. 2010 Aug 21. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20732772.

  • Impact of source-production revision on the dose-rate constant of 131Cs interstitial brachytherapy sources. Chen Z, Bongiorni P, Nath R. Med Phys. 2010 Jul;37(7):3607-10. PubMed PMID: 20831068; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2902542.

  • Synchrotron-based scattered radiation from phantom materials used in X-ray CT. Rao DV, Swapna M, Cesareo R, Brunetti A, Akatsuka T, Yuasa T, Takeda T, Gigante GE. J Xray Sci Technol. 2010;18(3):327-37. PubMed PMID: 20714090.

  • Methylated Metal(loid) Species in Humans. Met Ions Life Sci. 2010;7:465-521. Hirner AV, Rettenmeier AW. Epub 2010 Jan 30. PubMed PMID: 20877816.

  • Determination method for total arsenic and partial-digestion method with nitric acid for inorganic arsenic speciation in several varieties of rice. Nishimura T, Hamano-Nagaoka M, Sakakibara N, Abe T, Maekawa Y, Maitani T. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi. 2010;51(4):178-81. PubMed PMID: 20827054.

Recent Research & Development for Gold

  • Autogenous bone: is it still the gold standard? Misch CM. Implant Dent. 2010 Oct;19(5):361. PubMed PMID: 20881805.

  • Late gadolinium enhancement of acute myocardial infarction in mice at 7T: Cine-FLASH versus inversion recovery. Protti A, Sirker A, Shah AM, Botnar R. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2010 Oct;32(4):878-86. PubMed PMID: 20882618.

  • Magnetic resonance imaging near metal implants. Koch KM, Hargreaves BA, Pauly KB, Chen W, Gold GE, King KF. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2010 Oct;32(4):773-87. PubMed PMID: 20882607.

  • Detection of depression in older adults by family and friends: distinguishing mood disorder signals from the noise of personality and everyday life. Duberstein PR, Ma Y, Chapman BP, Conwell Y, McGriff J, Coyne JC, Franus N, Heisel MJ, Kaukeinen KA, Sörensen S, Tu XM, Lyness JM. Int Psychogeriatr. 2010 Sep 30:1-10. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20880426.

  • Children's Oncology Group. Outcome after reduced chemotherapy for intermediate-risk neuroblastoma. Baker DL, Schmidt ML, Cohn SL, Maris JM, London WB, Buxton A, Stram D, Castleberry RP, Shimada H, Sandler A, Shamberger RC, Look AT, Reynolds CP, Seeger RC, Matthay KK. N Engl J Med. 2010 Sep 30;363(14):1313-23. PubMed PMID: 20879880.

  • Luminescent quantum clusters of gold in transferrin family protein, lactoferrin exhibiting FRET. Xavier PL, Chaudhari K, Verma PK, Pal SK, Pradeep T. Nanoscale. 2010 Sep 30. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20882247.

  • Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis and the place of teriflunomide. Gold R, Wolinsky JS. Acta Neurol Scand. 2010 Sep 29. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2010.01444.x. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20880295.

  • Diagnosing Periprosthetic Infection: False-positive Intraoperative Gram Stains. Oethinger M, Warner DK, Schindler SA, Kobayashi H, Bauer TW. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20882377.

  • Current molecular and emerging nanobiotechnology approaches for the detection of microbial pathogens. Theron J, Eugene Cloete T, de Kwaadsteniet M. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2010 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20879848.

  • Magnetically Powered Flexible Metal Nanowire Motors. Gao W, Sattayasamitsathit S, Manesh KM, Weihs D, Wang J. J Am Chem Soc. 2010 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20879711.

  • Food Group Diversity Indicators Derived from Qualitative List-Based Questionnaire Misreported Some Foods Compared to Same Indicators Derived from Quantitative 24-Hour Recall in Urban Burkina Faso. Martin-Prevel Y, Becquey E, Arimond M. J Nutr. 2010 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20881076.

  • Detuned Electrical Dipoles for Plasmonic Sensing. Evlyukhin AB, Bozhevolnyi SI, Pors A, Nielsen MG, Radko IP, Willatzen M, Albrektsen O. Nano Lett. 2010 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20879722.

  • Arylsilanes: Application to Gold-Catalyzed Oxyarylation of Alkenes. Ball LT, Green M, Lloyd-Jones GC, Russell CA. Org Lett. 2010 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20879724.

  • Prevalence and variability of internal mammary graft use in contemporary multivessel coronary artery bypass graft. Schmitto JD, Rajab TK, Cohn LH. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2010 Sep 24. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20881486.

  • Comparison of Commercial ELISA Blood Tests for Early Pregnancy Detection in Dairy Cows. Piechotta M, Bollwein J, Friedrich M, Heilkenbrinker T, Passavant C, Branen J, Sasser G, Hoedemaker M, Bollwein H. J Reprod Dev. 2010 Sep 24. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20881353.

Recent Research & Development for Metals

  • Rapid syntheses of a metal-organic framework material Cu(3)(BTC)(2)(H(2)O)(3) under microwave: a quantitative analysis of accelerated syntheses. Khan NA, Haque E, Jhung SH. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2010 Mar 20;12(11):2625-31. Epub 2010 Jan 6. PMID: 20200739 [PubMed - in process]

  • Improved reliability from a plasma-assisted metal-insulator-metal capacitor comprising a high-k HfO(2) film on a flexible polyimide substrate. Singh Meena J, Chu MC, Kuo SW, Chang FC, Ko FH. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2010 Mar 20;12(11):2582-9. Epub 2010 Jan 26. PMID: 20200734 [PubMed - in process]

  • Rational synthesis and characterization of porous Cu(ii) coordination polymers. Noro S. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2010 Mar 20;12(11):2519-31. Epub 2010 Jan 18. PMID: 20200727 [PubMed - in process]

  • Construction of a monoanionic S,N,S-pincer ligand with a pyrrole core by sequential [1,2] phospho-Fries rearrangement. Characterization of palladium and silver coordination complexes. Fraix A, Lutz M, Spek AL, Gebbink RJ, van Koten G, Salaün JY, Jaffrès PA. Dalton Trans. 2010 Mar 21;39(11):2942-6. Epub 2010 Feb 5. PMID: 20200723 [PubMed - in process]

  • Zwitterionic dicopper helicates: anion encapsulation and binding studies. Wenzel M, Bruere SR, Knapp QW, Tasker PA, Plieger PG. Dalton Trans. 2010 Mar 21;39(11):2936-41. Epub 2010 Feb 8. PMID: 20200722 [PubMed - in process]

  • Organic-soluble optically pure anionic metal complexes PPh(4)[M(III)(S,S-EDDS)].2H(2)O (M = Fe, Co, Cr). Chmel NP, Howson SE, Allan LE, Barker J, Clarkson GJ, Turner SS, Scott P. Dalton Trans. 2010 Mar 21;39(11):2919-27. Epub 2010 Feb 9. PMID: 20200720 [PubMed - in process]

  • Crystallographic elucidation of purely structural, thermal and light-induced spin transitions in an iron(ii) binuclear complex. Kaiba A, Shepherd HJ, Fedaoui D, Rosa P, Goeta AE, Rebbani N, Létard JF, Guionneau P. Dalton Trans. 2010 Mar 21;39(11):2910-8. Epub 2010 Feb 9. PMID: 20200719 [PubMed - in process]

  • Anionic zinc-trimesic acid MOFs with unusual topologies: Reversible hydration studies. Davies K, Bourne SA, Ohrström L, Oliver CL. Dalton Trans. 2010 Mar 21;39(11):2869-74. Epub 2010 Feb 5. PMID: 20200714 [PubMed - in process]

  • A hexadentate bis(thiosemicarbazonato) ligand: rhenium(v), iron(iii) and cobalt(iii) complexes. Paterson BM, White JM, Donnelly PS. Dalton Trans. 2010 Mar 21;39(11):2831-7. Epub 2010 Feb 5. PMID: 20200709 [PubMed - in process]

  • Cu(ii) and Ni(ii) dioxotetraamine complexes integrated with tetrathiafulvalene moiety; structures and solution chemistry. Lu ZJ, Wang JP, Zhu QY, Huo LB, Qin YR, Dai J. Dalton Trans. 2010 Mar 21;39(11):2798-803. Epub 2010 Feb 9. PMID: 20200705 [PubMed - in process]

  • Synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of bis(monosubstituted-pyrazine)dihalocopper(ii). Herringer SN, Longendyke AJ, Turnbull MM, Landee CP, Wikaira JL, Jameson GB, Telfer SG. Dalton Trans. 2010 Mar 21;39(11):2785-97. Epub 2010 Feb 4. PMID: 20200704 [PubMed - in process]

  • Tailor made synthesis of amphiphilic azoaromatics via regioselective C-N bond fusion. Comparative studies of surface properties of the two positional isomers and cobalt complexes. Joy S, Pal P, Mahato M, Talapatra GB, Goswami S. Dalton Trans. 2010 Mar 21;39(11):2775-84. Epub 2010 Feb 15. PMID: 20200703 [PubMed - in process]

  • Rational design of diphosphorus ligands - a route to superior catalysts. Gillespie JA, Dodds DL, Kamer PC. Dalton Trans. 2010 Mar 21;39(11):2751-64. Epub 2010 Jan 4. PMID: 20200699 [PubMed - in process]

  • Revascularization options in patients with chronic kidney disease. Ashrith G, Elayda MA, Wilson JM. Tex Heart Inst J. 2010;37(1):9-18. PMID: 20200622 [PubMed - in process]

  • [Antiplatelet treatment after percutaneous coronary intervention in a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.] Can MM, Tanboga IH, Boztosun B, Kaymaz C. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2009 Dec;37(8):575-7. Turkish.

  • Imaging and manipulation of the competing electronic phases near the Mott metal-insulator transition. Kim TH, Angst M, Hu B, Jin R, Zhang XG, Wendelken JF, Plummer EW, Li AP. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Mar 3. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20200312 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Respiratory Symptoms and Exposure-Response Relations in Workers exposed to Metalworking Fluid Aerosols. Lillienberg L, Andersson EM, Järvholm B, Torén K. Ann Occup Hyg. 2010 Mar 3. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20200090 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Influences of properties of protein and adsorption surface on removal kinetics of protein adsorbed on metal surface by H(2)O(2)-electrolysis treatment. Imamura K, Oshita M, Iwai M, Kuroda T, Watanabe I, Sakiyama T, Nakanishi K. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2010 Feb 1. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20199779 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Estimation of Risk Assessment of Some Heavy Metals Intake Through Black Scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo) Consumption in Portugal. Cardoso C, Farias I, Costa V, Nunes M, Gordo L. Risk Anal. 2010 Feb 23. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20199650 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Spectroscopic and Computational Studies of a mu-eta(2):eta(2)-Disulfido-Bridged Dinickel(II) Species, [{(PhTt(tBu))Ni}(2)(mu-eta(2):eta(2)-S(2))]: Comparison of Side-On Disulfido and Peroxo Bonding in (Ni(II))(2) and (Cu(II))(2) Species. Van Heuvelen KM, Cho J, Riordan CG, Brunold TC. Inorg Chem. 2010 Mar 3. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20199100 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

 

 

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