Germanium Nanorods are elongated particles ranging from 10 to 120 nanometers (nm) with specific surface area (SSA) in the 30 - 70 m 2 /g range. Nano Germanium is also available passivated and in Ultra high purity and high purity and coated and dispersed forms. They are also available as a nanofluid through the AE Nanofluid production group. Nanofluids are generally defined as suspended nanorods in solution either using surfactant or surface charge technology. Nanofluid dispersion and coating selection technical guidance is also available. Other nanostructures include nanoparticles, nanowhiskers, nanohorns, nanopyramids and other nanocomposites. Surface functionalized nanorods allow for the particles to be preferentially adsorbed at the surface interface using chemically bound polymers. Development research is underway in Nano Electronics and Photonics materials, such as MEMS and NEMS, Bio Nano Materials, such as Biomarkers, Bio Diagnostics & Bio Sensors, and Related Nano Materials, for use in Polymers, Textiles, Fuel Cell Layers , Composites and Solar Energy materials. Nanopowders are analyzed for chemical composition by ICP, particle size distribution (PSD) by laser diffraction, and for Specific Surface Area (SSA) by BET multi-point correlation techniques. Novel nanotechnology applications also include Quantum Dots . High surface areas can also be achieved using solutions and using thin film by sputtering targets and evaporation technology using pellets, rod and foil. Applications for Germanium nanorods generally involve their magnetic properties and include in catalysts and magnetic recording and in medical sensors and bio medicine as a contrast enhancement agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Germanium particles are being tested for site specific drug delivery agents for cancer therapies and in coatings, plastics, nanowire, nanofiber and textiles and in certain alloy and catalyst applications . Further research is being done for their potential electrical, dielectric, magnetic, optical, imaging, catalytic, biomedical and bioscience properties. Germanium Nano Particles are generally immediately available in most volumes. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available.
Germanium is a Block P, Group 14, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Germanium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 4 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2. In its elemental form germanium's CAS number is 7440-56-4. The germanium atom has a radius of 122.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Germanium is not toxic. Germanium is a very important semiconductor. Zone-refining techniques have led to production of crystalline germanium for semiconductor use with extremely high purities. When germanium is doped with arsenic, gallium, or other elements, it is used as a transistor element in thousands of electronic applications. The most common use of germanium is as a semiconductor. Germanium is also finding many other applications including use as an alloying agent, as a phosphor in fluorescent lamps, and as a catalyst. Germanium and germanium oxide are transparent to the infrared and are used in infrared spectroscopes and other optical equipment, including extremely sensitive infrared detectors. The high refractive index and dispersion properties of its oxide's have made germanium useful as a component of wide-angle camera lenses and microscope objectives. The field of organo-germanium chemistry is becoming increasingly important. Germanium was first discovered by Clemens Winkler in 1886. See Germanium research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Synthesis of Mixed Tin-Ruthenium and Tin-Germanium-Ruthenium Carbonyl Clusters from [Ru(3)(CO)(12)] and Diaminometalenes (M = Sn, Ge).
Cabeza JA, García-Álvarez P, Polo D.
Inorg Chem. 2012 Jan 11. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22235838
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
RADIOACTIVITY RISK ASSOCIATED WITH THE HANDLING OF COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS.
Medhat ME, Eissa HS, Elmaghraby EK, Abu Khadra SA.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2012 Jan 9. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22232775
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Synthesis of Nanoamorphous Germanium and Its Transformation to Nanocrystalline Germanium.
Dag O, Henderson EJ, Ozin GA.
Small. 2012 Jan 9. doi: 10.1002/smll.201101993. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22228493
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Synthesis and structural characterization of two-coordinate low-valent 14-group metal complexes bearing bulky bis(amido)silane ligands.
Yang D, Guo J, Wu H, Ding Y, Zheng W.
Dalton Trans. 2012 Jan 5. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22218706
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Compositional Differences between Size Classes of Dissolved Organic Matter from Freshwater and Seawater Revealed by an HPLC-FTIR System.
Tremblay L, Landry C.
Environ Sci Technol. 2012 Jan 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22216934
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Soft Lithographic Functionalization and Patterning Oxide-free Silicon and Germanium.
Bowers CM, Toone EJ, Clark RL, Shestopalov AA.
J Vis Exp. 2011 Dec 16;(58). pii: 3478. doi: 10.3791/3478.
PMID:
22214997
[PubMed - in process]
The ARRONAX Project.
Haddad F, Barbet J, Chatal JF.
Curr Radiopharm. 2011 Jul 1;4(3):186-96.
PMID:
22201708
[PubMed - in process]
Metastable Ge1-xCx Alloy Nanowires.
Kim BS, Lee JH, Son K, Hwang SW, Choi BL, Lee EK, Kim JM, Whang D.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2011 Dec 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22201458
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Reactivity of Digermylenes toward Potassium Graphite: Synthesis and Characterization of Germylidenide Anions.
Chia SP, Yeong HX, So CW.
Inorg Chem. 2012 Jan 16;51(2):1002-10. Epub 2011 Dec 21.
PMID:
22188525
[PubMed - in process]
Optics of semiconductors from meta-generalized-gradient-approximation-based time-dependent density-functional theory.
Nazarov VU, Vignale G.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Nov 18;107(21):216402. Epub 2011 Nov 15.
PMID:
22181900
[PubMed - in process]
Active microwave negative-index metamaterial transmission line with gain.
Jiang T, Chang K, Si LM, Ran L, Xin H.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Nov 11;107(20):205503. Epub 2011 Nov 11.
PMID:
22181744
[PubMed - in process]
Mesoporous zinc germanium oxynitride for CO(2) photoreduction under visible light.
Zhang N, Ouyang S, Kako T, Ye J.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2012 Jan 9;48(9):1269-71. Epub 2011 Dec 16.
PMID:
22179125
[PubMed - in process]
In Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study of Si(1-x)Ge(x)O(2) Dissolution and Germanium Aqueous Speciation under Hydrothermal Conditions.
Ranieri V, Haines J, Cambon O, Levelut C, Le Parc R, Cambon M, Hazemann JL.
Inorg Chem. 2012 Jan 2;51(1):414-9. Epub 2011 Dec 16.
PMID:
22175278
[PubMed - in process]
Open-shell complexes containing metal-germanium triple bonds.
Filippou AC, Barandov A, Schnakenburg G, Lewall B, van Gastel M, Marchanka A.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2012 Jan 16;51(3):789-93. doi: 10.1002/anie.201107120. Epub 2011 Dec 15.
PMID:
22173926
[PubMed - in process]
A review of recent developments in the speciation and location of arsenic and selenium in rice grain.
Carey AM, Lombi E, Donner E, de Jonge MD, Punshon T, Jackson BP, Guerinot ML, Price AH, Meharg AA.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011 Dec 8. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22159463
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Electrodeposition of germanium from supercritical fluids.
Ke J, Bartlett PN, Cook D, Easun TL, George MW, Levason W, Reid G, Smith D, Su W, Zhang W.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2012 Jan 4;14(4):1517-28. Epub 2011 Dec 12.
PMID:
22158943
[PubMed - in process]
Gamma-ray fast-timing coincidence measurements from the (18)O+(18)O fusion-evaporation reaction using a mixed LaBr(3)-HPGe array.
Alharbi T, Mason PJ, Regan PH, Podolyák Z, Marginean N, Nakhostin M, Bowry M, Bucurescu D, Cata-Danil G, Cata-Danil I, Deleanu D, Filipescu D, Glodariu T, Ghita D, Marginean R, Mihai C, Negret A, Pascu S, Sava T, Stroe L, Suliman G, Zamfir NV, Bruce AM, Rodriguez Triguero C, Bender PC, Garg U, Erduran MN, Kusoglu A, Bostan M, Detistov P, Alkhomashi N, Sinha AK, Chakrabarti R, Ghugre SS.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2011 Dec 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22154387
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Mesoporous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon-Glass Ceramic Cathodes for Solid-State Lithium-Oxygen Batteries.
Kichambare P, Rodrigues S, Kumar J.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2011 Dec 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22148159
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Synthesis, Structure, Chemical Bonding, and Magnetism of the Series RELiGe(2) (RE = La-Nd, Sm, Eu).
Bobev S, You TS, Suen NT, Saha S, Greene R, Paglione J.
Inorg Chem. 2012 Jan 2;51(1):620-8. Epub 2011 Dec 6.
PMID:
22145852
[PubMed - in process]
Inducing novel electronic properties in <112> Ge nanowires by means of variations in their size, shape and strain: a first-principles computational study.
Zhang C, De Sarkar A, Zhang RQ.
J Phys Condens Matter. 2012 Jan 11;24(1):015301. Epub 2011 Dec 2.
PMID:
22133518
[PubMed - in process]
Germanium is a Block P, Group 14, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Germanium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 4 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2. In its elemental form germanium's CAS number is 7440-56-4. The germanium atom has a radius of 122.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Germanium is not toxic. Germanium is a very important semiconductor. Zone-refining techniques have led to production of crystalline germanium for semiconductor use with extremely high purities. When germanium is doped with arsenic, gallium, or other elements, it is used as a transistor 
element in thousands of electronic 
