Germanium Silicide is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Germanium is a Block P, Group 14, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Germanium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 4 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2. In its elemental form germanium's CAS number is 7440-56-4. The germanium atom has a radius of 122.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Germanium is not toxic. Germanium is a very important semiconductor. Zone-refining techniques have led to production of crystalline germanium for semiconductor use with extremely high purities. When germanium is doped with arsenic, gallium, or other elements, it is used as a transistor element in thousands of electronic applications. The most common use of germanium is as a semiconductor. Germanium is also finding many other applications including use as an alloying agent, as a phosphor in fluorescent lamps, and as a catalyst. Germanium and germanium oxide are transparent to the infrared and are used in infrared spectroscopes and other optical equipment, including extremely sensitive infrared detectors. The high refractive index and dispersion properties of its oxide's have made germanium useful as a component of wide-angle camera lenses and microscope objectives. The field of organo-germanium chemistry is becoming increasingly important. Germanium was first discovered by Clemens Winkler in 1886. See Germanium research below.
Silicon is a Block P, Group 14, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Silicon's shells is 2, 8, 4 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p2. In its elemental form silicon's CAS number is 7440-21-3. The silicon atom has a radius of 117.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 210.pm. Silicon is not toxic but can cause chronic respiratory problems if inhaled as a fine silica or silicate dust. Asbestos silicates are carcinogenic. Silicon is one of man's most useful elements. It makes up 25.7% of the earth's crust, by weight, and is the second most abundant element, being exceeded only by oxygen. The Czochralski process is commonly used to produce single crystals of silicon used for solid-state or semiconductor devices. Silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass, one of the most inexpensive of materials with excellent mechanical, optical, thermal, and electrical properties. Silicon is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Ultra high purity silicon can be doped with boron, gallium, phosphorus , or arsenic to produce silicon for use in transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and other solid-state devices which are used extensively in the electronics and space-age industries. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon has shown promise in producing economical cells for converting solar energy into electricity. Silcones are important products of silicon. They range from liquids to hard, glasslike solids with many useful properties. Silicon was first discovered by Jons Berzelius in 1823. The name Silicon originates from the Latin word "silex" which means flint or hard stone. See Silicon research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Treatment of TiO(2) with COOH-Functionalized Germanium Nanoparticles to Enhance the Photocurrent of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.
Kim CH, Ha ES, Baik H, Kim KJ.
Chem Asian J. 2011 Mar 1;6(3):850-5. doi: 10.1002/asia.201000646. Epub 2011 Jan 11.
PMID:
21344660
[PubMed - in process]
Fabrication, characterization, and theoretical analysis of controlled disorder in the core of optical fibers.
Puente NP, Chaikina EI, Herath S, Yamilov A.
Appl Opt. 2011 Feb 20;50(6):802-10. doi: 10.1364/AO.50.000802.
PMID:
21343958
[PubMed - in process]
Measurement of the (109)Cd half-life.
Van Ammel R, Pommé S, Paepen J, Sibbens G.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2011 Jan 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21342765
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Size-Dependent Polar Ordering in Colloidal GeTe Nanocrystals.
Polking MJ, Urban JJ, Milliron DJ, Zheng H, Chan E, Caldwell MA, Raoux S, Kisielowski CF, Ager JW, Ramesh R, Alivisatos AP.
Nano Lett. 2011 Feb 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21338071
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
RADIOACTIVITY IN SOIL FROM THE CITY OF KAVADARCI (REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA) AND ITS ENVIRONS.
Dimovska S, Stafilov T, Sajn R.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2011 Feb 20. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21335627
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Dark field electron holography for strain measurement.
Béché A, Rouvière JL, Barnes JP, Cooper D.
Ultramicroscopy. 2011 Feb;111(3):227-38. Epub 2010 Nov 30.
PMID:
21333860
[PubMed - in process]
Feasibility of in vivo measurement of (239)Pu distribution in lungs using an imaging plate.
Hirota M, Takada C, Takasaki K, Momose T, Kurihara O, Saze T, Ito S, Nishizawa K.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2011 Jan 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21330142
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
EFFICIENCY AS A FUNCTION OF MEQ-CWT FOR LARGE AREA GERMANIUM DETECTORS USING LLNL PHANTOM.
Rajaram S, Brindha JT, Sreedevi KR, Hegde AG.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2011 Feb 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21325369
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Structures and Energetics of Neutral and Ionic Silicon-Germanium Clusters: Density Functional Theory and Coupled Cluster Studies.
Wang YS, Chao SD.
J Phys Chem A. 2011 Feb 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21322541
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Perpendicular growth of catalyst-free germanium nanowire arrays.
Barrett CA, Geaney H, Gunning RD, Laffir FR, Ryan KM.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Feb 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21321699
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
INDUCED RADIOACTIVE NUCLIDES OF 10-MeV RADIOTHERAPY ACCELERATORS DETECTED BY USING A PORTABLE HP-Ge SURVEY METER.
Fujibuchi T, Obara S, Yamaguchi I, Oyama M, Watanabe H, Sakae T, Katoh K.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2011 Feb 10. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21317145
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Germanium determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry: An increased vapor pressure-chloride generation system.
Kaya M, Volkan M.
Talanta. 2011 Mar 15;84(1):122-6. Epub 2010 Dec 25.
PMID:
21315908
[PubMed - in process]
Multiple Boron-Boron Bonds in Neutral Molecules: An Insight from the Extended Transition State Method and the Natural Orbitals for Chemical Valence Scheme.
Mitoraj MP, Michalak A.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Feb 11. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21314143
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Split Bull's Eye Shaped Aluminum Antenna for Plasmon-Enhanced Nanometer Scale Germanium Photodetector.
Ren FF, Ang KW, Ye J, Yu M, Lo GQ, Kwong DL.
Nano Lett. 2011 Feb 9. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21306111
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The Formal Combination of Three Singlet Biradicaloid Entities to a Singlet Hexaradicaloid Metalloid Ge(14)[Si(SiMe(3))(3)](5)[Li(THF)(2)](3) Cluster.
Schenk C, Kracke A, Fink K, Kubas A, Klopper W, Neumaier M, Schno¨ckel H, Schnepf A.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Mar 2;133(8):2518-2524. Epub 2011 Feb 8.
PMID:
21302926
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Addition of a Thallium Vertex to Empty and Centered Nine-Atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and Tin.
Rios D, Gillett-Kunnath MM, Taylor JD, Oliver AG, Sevov SC.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Feb 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21294520
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Characteristics of cross-sectional atom probe analysis on semiconductor structures.
Koelling S, Innocenti N, Hellings G, Gilbert M, Kambham AK, De Meyer K, Vandervorst W.
Ultramicroscopy. 2011 Jan 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21292399
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Quantitative profiling of SiGe/Si superlattices by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry: the advantages of the extended Full Spectrum protocol.
Py M, Barnes JP, Lafond D, Hartmann JM.
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2011 Mar 15;25(5):629-38. doi: 10.1002/rcm.4904.
PMID:
21290450
[PubMed - in process]
Low energy focused ion beam milling of silicon and germanium nanostructures.
Kolíbal M, Matlocha T, Vystavel T, Sikola T.
Nanotechnology. 2011 Mar 11;22(10):105304. Epub 2011 Feb 2.
PMID:
21289410
[PubMed - in process]
Controlled synthesis and size-dependent polarization domain structure of colloidal germanium telluride nanocrystals.
Polking MJ, Zheng H, Ramesh R, Alivisatos AP.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Feb 23;133(7):2044-7. Epub 2011 Jan 31.
PMID:
21280629
[PubMed - in process]
Recent Research & Development for Silicide
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE THUMB WITH A MODIFIED WRAP-AROUND FLAP IN A PATIENT SUFFERING FROM ?-THALASSEMIA MINOR.
Galeano M, Checcucci G, Ceruso M.
Hand Surg. 2011;16(3):361-5.
PMID:
22072476
[PubMed - in process]
Isolated complete volar dislocation of the capitate: a case report.
Checcucci G, Bigazzi P, Zucchini M, Ceruso M.
Hand Surg. 2011;16(3):353-6.
PMID:
22072474
[PubMed - in process]
Dielectrophoretic chip with multilayer electrodes and micro-cavity array for trapping and programmably releasing single cells.
Chuang CH, Huang YW, Wu YT.
Biomed Microdevices. 2011 Nov 10. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22072154
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Structures of medium sized tin cluster anions.
Wiesel A, Drebov N, Rapps T, Ahlrichs R, Schwarz U, Kelting R, Weis P, Kappes MM, Schooss D.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Nov 9. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22071636
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Discrimination task reveals differences in neural bases of tinnitus and hearing impairment.
Husain FT, Pajor NM, Smith JF, Kim HJ, Rudy S, Zalewski C, Brewer C, Horwitz B.
PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26639. Epub 2011 Oct 31.
PMID:
22066003
[PubMed - in process]
A suggested technique for the application of the cone beam computed tomography periapical index.
Esposito S, Cardaropoli M, Cotti E.
Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2011 Dec;40(8):506-12.
PMID:
22065800
[PubMed - in process]
(4-Chloro-3-nitro-benzoato)triphenyl-tin(IV).
Win YF, Choong CS, Teoh SG, Quah CK, Fun HK.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Sep 1;67(Pt 9):m1270-1. Epub 2011 Aug 27.
PMID:
22065496
[PubMed]
Bis{2-[(E)-(5-tert-butyl-2-hy-droxy-phen-yl)diazen-yl]benzoato}dimethyl-tin(IV).
Basu Baul TS, Paul A, Tiekink ER.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Oct 1;67(Pt 10):m1383-4. Epub 2011 Sep 14.
PMID:
22065466
[PubMed]
catena-Poly[[triphenyl-tin(IV)]-?-5-amino-2-nitro-benzoato-?O:O].
Win YF, Choong CS, Teoh SG, Quah CK, Fun HK.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Sep 1;67(Pt 9):m1276-7. Epub 2011 Aug 27.
PMID:
22064934
[PubMed]
Dual detection strategy for electrochemical analysis of glucose and nitrite using a partitionally modified electrode.
Wang J, Diao P, Zhang Q.
Analyst. 2011 Nov 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22064849
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
fac-(2-Amido-ethyl-?C,O)trichlorido(urea-?O)tin(IV).
Howie RA, de Lima GM, Tiekink ER, Wardell JL, Wardell SM.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Oct 1;67(Pt 10):m1420-1. Epub 2011 Sep 30.
PMID:
22064619
[PubMed]
Highly sensitive nonenzymatic glucose sensor based on electrospun copper oxide-doped nickel oxide composite microfibers.
Cao F, Guo S, Ma H, Yang G, Yang S, Gong J.
Talanta. 2011 Oct 30;86:214-20. Epub 2011 Sep 8.
PMID:
22063533
[PubMed - in process]
Cross-Linked Perylene Diimide-Based n-Type Interfacial Layer for Inverted Organic Photovoltaic Devices.
Hains AW, Chen HY, Reilly TH, Gregg BA.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2011 Nov 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22059439
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Bis-(chloro-acetato-?O)bis(trimethyl-silylmethyl)tin(IV).
Ding RF, Wang QB.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Sep 1;67(Pt 9):m1190. Epub 2011 Aug 2.
PMID:
22058841
[PubMed]
A new langbeinite-type phosphate: K(2)AlSn(PO(4))(3).
Li HY, Zhao D.
Acta Crystallogr E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Oct 1;67(Pt 10):i56. Epub 2011 Sep 20.
PMID:
22058680
[PubMed]
Enhanced resistance of yeast mutants deficient in low-affinity iron and zinc transporters to stannous-induced toxicity.
Viau CM, Cardone JM, Guecheva TN, Yoneama ML, Dias JF, Pungartnik C, Brendel M, Saffi J, Henriques JA.
Chemosphere. 2011 Nov 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22055569
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Allylsilanes in "Tin-free" Oximation, Alkenylation, and Allylation of Alkyl Halides.
Rouquet G, Robert F, Méreau R, Castet F, Landais Y.
Chemistry. 2011 Nov 3. doi: 10.1002/chem.201101842. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22052660
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Surface Modification of Indium-Tin-Oxide Via Self-Assembly of a Donor-Acceptor Complex: A Density Functional Theory Study.
Li H, Winget P, Bredas JL.
Adv Mater. 2011 Nov 3. doi: 10.1002/adma.201103009. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
22052626
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Minimally invasive video-assisted cardiac surgery: operative techniques, application fields and clinical outcomes.
Vistarini N, Aiello M, Viganň M.
Future Cardiol. 2011 Nov;7(6):775-87.
PMID:
22050064
[PubMed - in process]
Germanium Silicide is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement. 
Germanium is a Block P, Group 14, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Germanium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 4 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2. In its elemental form germanium's CAS number is 7440-56-4. The germanium atom has a radius of 122.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Germanium is not toxic. Germanium is a very important semiconductor. Zone-refining techniques have led to production of crystalline germanium for semiconductor use with extremely high purities. When germanium is doped with arsenic, gallium, or other elements, it is used as a transistor 
element in thousands of electronic 
Silicon is a Block P, Group 14, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Silicon's shells is 2, 8, 4 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p2. In its elemental form silicon's CAS number is 7440-21-3. The silicon atom has a radius of 117.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 210.pm. Silicon is not toxic but can cause chronic respiratory problems if inhaled as a fine silica or silicate dust. Asbestos silicates are carcinogenic. Silicon is
one of man's most useful elements. It makes up 25.7% of the earth's crust, by weight, and is the second most abundant element, being exceeded only by oxygen. The Czochralski process is commonly used to produce single crystals of silicon used for solid-state or semiconductor devices. Silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass, one of the most inexpensive of materials with excellent mechanical, optical, thermal, and electrical properties. Silicon is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Ultra high purity silicon can be doped with boron, gallium, phosphorus , or arsenic to produce silicon for use in 
transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and other solid-state devices which are used extensively in the electronics and space-age industries. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon has shown promise in producing economical cells for converting solar energy into electricity. Silcones are important products of silicon. They range from liquids to hard, glasslike solids with many useful properties. Silicon was first discovered by Jons Berzelius in 1823. The name Silicon originates from the Latin word "silex" which means flint or hard stone. See Silicon research below.
