American Elements

 

Hafnium Selenide
High Purity HfSe2
Product Product Code Order or Specifications
(5N) 99.999% Hafnium Selenide Powder HF-SE-05-P Contact American Elements
(5N) 99.999% Hafnium Selenide Ingot HF-SE-05-I Contact American Elements
(5N) 99.999% Hafnium Selenide Chunk HF-SE-05-CK Contact American Elements
(5N) 99.999% Hafnium Selenide Lump HF-SE-05-L Contact American Elements
(5N) 99.999% Hafnium Selenide Sputtering Target HF-SE-05-ST Contact American Elements
(5N) 99.999% Hafnium Selenide Wafer HF-SE-05-WSX Contact American Elements
Selenide IonHafnium Selenide is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.

Hafnium(Hf) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbol Hafnium is a Block D, Group 4, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Hafnium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2. In its elemental form hafnium's CAS number is 7440-58-6.The hafnium atom has a radius of 156.4.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Hafnium is not toxic. Hafnium is one of the Group IV transition elements that is refined from various zirconic mineral deposits. Hafnium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It's primary uses are due to its ability as a nuclear "getter" or absorber of neutrons. It is a primary component in nuclear control rods for this purpose. It also finds uses as a dopant in the alloy of Elemental Hafniumsteel and Hafnium Bohr Modeltitanium. It is also used in the production of mantles for high intensity incandescent lamps. Hafnium is replacing polysilicon as the principle gate or electrode material in metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) which are the basis for all modern semiconductors. As semiconductors have gotten smaller, the limiting factor in further size reduction has been the ability of the silicon oxide gate to perform below 10 angstroms where leakage occurs. Recent research has been devoted to the development of High-k materials which can function as a di-electric barrier or gate with lower leakage. Using hafnium based alloys as this di-electric gate has allowed for the development of MOSFET gates smaller than 10 angstroms. This allows for further size reduction, reduced switching power requirements and improved performance. Hafnium was first discovered by Dirk Coster in 1923. See Hafnium research below.

Selenide(Se) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbolSelenium is a Block P, Group 16, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Selenium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 6 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4. In its elemental form selenium's CAS number is 7782-49-2. The selenium atom has a radius of 116.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 190.pm. The EPA does not classify selenium as carcinogenic, although selenium sulfide Elemental Seleniumis a probable carcinogen. Selenates and selenites which are compounds of selenium, are highly toxic. Hydrogen selenide gas (SeH2) is the most acutely toxic compound of selenium. Selenium exhibits both photovoltaic action, where light is converted directly into electricity, and photoconductive action, where the electrical resistance decreases with increased illumination. of photocells and exposure meters for photographic use, as Selenium Bohr Modelwell as solar cells. Below its melting point, selenium is a p-type semiconductor and has many uses in electronic and solid-state applications. Selenium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Selenium was first discovered by Jons Berzelius in 1817. The origin of the name Selenium comes from the Greek word "Selênê" meaning moon. See selenium research below.

American Elements semi conducting materials are crystal structures produced from ultra high purity starting materials synthesized by our high purity production facility which includes several large electric muffle furnaces, a tube furnace for hydrogen reduction, 50 gallon glass-lined Pfaudler reactors supported by our analytical laboratory containing X-ray diffraction, SEM, AA, BET surface area, and ICP Spectrometry for trace metals analysis. See a discussion of American Elements Ultra High Purity and Analytical capabilities. See Crystal Growth for processes used to fabricate semiconductor materials, which include:

  • Crystal "pulling" by the Czochaiski method for production of semiconductor materials
  • Flux growth and gradient freeze
  • Directional solidification of fluorites using both the Bridgman-Stockbarger and float zoning techniques
 
PRODUCT CATALOG News Foil Submicron & Nanopowder Tolling Ultra High Purity Sputtering Target Crystal Growth Rod, Plate, Powder, etc.
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Recent Research & Development for Hafnium

  • Fluorescence Signaling of Zr(4+) by Hydrogen Peroxide Assisted Selective Desulfurization of Thioamide. Hwang J, Choi MG, Eor S, Chang SK. Inorg Chem. 2012 Jan 19. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22260347 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Hafnium metallocene compounds used as cathode interfacial layers for enhanced electron transfer in organic solar cells. Park K, Oh S, Jung D, Chae H, Kim H, Boo JH. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2012 Jan 9;7(1):74. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22230259 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Synthesis of hafnium oxide-gold core-shell nanoparticles. Dahal N, Chikan V. Inorg Chem. 2012 Jan 2;51(1):518-22. Epub 2011 Dec 16. PMID: 22221284 [PubMed - in process]

  • Di-?-hydroxido-bis-[tris-(4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-acetyl-acetonato-?O,O')hafnium(IV)] dimethyl-formamide disolvate. Viljoen JA, Visser HG, Roodt A. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1822-3. Epub 2011 Nov 25. PMID: 22199601 [PubMed - in process]

  • Potential of high-Z contrast agents in clinical contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Nowak T, Hupfer M, Brauweiler R, Eisa F, Kalender WA. Med Phys. 2011 Dec;38(12):6469. PMID: 22149830 [PubMed - in process]

  • Ni ion release, osteoblast-material interactions, and hemocompatibility of hafnium-implanted NiTi alloy. Zhao T, Li Y, Zhao X, Chen H, Zhang T. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2011 Nov 28. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.31989. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22121018 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Electrochemical oxide nanotube formation on the Ti-35Ta-xHf alloys for dental materials. Moon BH, Jeong YH, Choe HC. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2011 Aug;11(8):7428-32. PMID: 22103212 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • Environmentally stable flexible metal-insulator-metal capacitors using zirconium-silicate and hafnium-silicate thin film composite materials as gate dielectrics. Meena JS, Chu MC, Wu CS, Ravipati S, Ko FH. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2011 Aug;11(8):6858-67. PMID: 22103091 [PubMed]

  • In situ gas phase measurements during metal alkylamide atomic layer deposition. Maslar JE, Kimes WA, Sperling BA. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2011 Sep;11(9):8226-32. PMID: 22097559 [PubMed]

  • Tetra-kis(5,7-dimethyl-quinolin-8-olato-?N,O)hafnium(IV) dimethyl-formamide disolvate. Viljoen JA, Visser HG, Roodt A. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Oct 1;67(Pt 10):m1428-9. Epub 2011 Sep 30. PMID: 22058710 [PubMed]

  • Synthesis, characterization, and materials chemistry of Group 4 silylimides. Cosham SD, Johnson AL, Molloy KC, Kingsley AJ. Inorg Chem. 2011 Dec 5;50(23):12053-63. Epub 2011 Nov 4. PMID: 22053704 [PubMed - in process]

  • Preparation and physical properties of early-late heterobimetallic compounds featuring Ir-M bonds (M = Ti, Zr, Hf). Curley JJ, Bergman RG, Tilley TD. Dalton Trans. 2012 Jan 7;41(1):192-200. Epub 2011 Oct 21. PMID: 22020701 [PubMed - in process]

  • New stable aryl-substituted acyclic imino-N-heterocyclic carbene: synthesis, characterisation and coordination to early transition metals. Larocque TG, Badaj AC, Dastgir S, Lavoie GG. Dalton Trans. 2011 Dec 21;40(47):12705-12. Epub 2011 Oct 18. PMID: 22006062 [PubMed - in process]

  • Sterically demanding hetero-substituted [2]borametallocenophanes of group IV metals: synthesis, structure and reactivity. Braunschweig H, Dörfler R, Mies J, Oechsner A. Chemistry. 2011 Oct 17;17(43):12101-7. doi: 10.1002/chem.201101774. Epub 2011 Sep 9. PMID: 21905138 [PubMed]

  • The role of electron localization in the atomic structure of transition-metal 13-atom clusters: the example of Co13, Rh13, and Hf13. Piotrowski MJ, Piquini P, Cândido L, Da Silva JL. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Oct 14;13(38):17242-8. Epub 2011 Aug 30. PMID: 21879054 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • Monte Carlo dose enhancement studies in microbeam radiation therapy. Martínez-Rovira I, Prezadoa Y. Med Phys. 2011 Jul;38(7):4430-9. PMID: 21859044 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • Electronic structure characterization of La incorporated Hf-based high-k gate dielectrics by NEXAFS. Yamamoto T, Ogawa S, Kunisu M, Tsuji J, Kita K, Saeki M, Oku Y, Arimura H, Kitano N, Hosoi T, Shimura T, Watanabe H. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2011 Apr;11(4):2823-8. PMID: 21776638 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • Oxygen-containing gas-phase diatomic trications and tetracations: ReO(z+), NbO(z+) and HfO(z+) (z=3, 4). Brites V, Franzreb K, Harvey JN, Sayres SG, Ross MW, Blumling DE, Castleman AW Jr, Hochlaf M. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Sep 7;13(33):15233-43. Epub 2011 Jul 15. PMID: 21761073 [PubMed]

  • Tris(?-cyclo-penta-dien-yl)hafnium(III). Burlakov VV, Arndt P, Spannenberg A, Rosenthal U. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 May 1;67(Pt 5):m629. Epub 2011 Apr 22. PMID: 21754338 [PubMed]

  • Synthesis of freestanding HfO2 nanostructures. Kidd T, O'Shea A, Boyle K, Wallace J, Strauss L. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2011 Apr 5;6(1):294. PMID: 21711786 [PubMed - in process]

Recent Research & Development for Selenium

  • Toenail selenium status and the risk of Barrett's esophagus: the Netherlands Cohort Study. Steevens J, Schouten LJ, Driessen AL, Huysentruyt CJ, Keulemans YC, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA. Cancer Causes Control. 2010 Oct 10. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20936529 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations

  • Promotion of Growth in Mungbean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) by Selenium is Associated with Stimulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism. Malik JA, Kumar S, Thakur P, Sharma S, Kaur N, Kaur R, Pathania D, Bhandhari K, Kaushal N, Singh K, Srivastava A, Nayyar H. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2010 Oct 9. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20936436 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations

  • Transition metal chemistry of cyclodiphosphanes containing phosphine and amide-phosphine functionalities: Formation of a stable dipalladium(II) complex containing a Pd-P s-bond. Balakrishna MS, Venkateswaran R, Mague JT. Dalton Trans. 2010 Oct 8. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20936211 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations

  • Associations between blood metals and fecundity among women residing in New York State. Bloom MS, Louis GM, Sundaram R, Kostyniak PJ, Jain J. Reprod Toxicol. 2010 Oct 6. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20933593 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations

  • The protective role of selenium in recalcitrant Acer saccharium L. seeds subjected to desiccation. Pukacka S, Ratajczak E, Kalemba E. J Plant Physiol. 2010 Oct 6. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20933296 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations

  • Trace element concentrations in nesting flatback turtles (Natator depressus) from Curtis Island, Queensland, Australia. Ikonomopoulou MP, Olszowy H, Limpus C, Francis R, Whittier J. Mar Environ Res. 2010 Sep 25. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20933265 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations

  • Correlation between serum selenium level and febrile seizures. Mahyar A, Ayazi P, Fallahi M, Javadi A. Pediatr Neurol. 2010 Nov;43(5):331-4.PMID: 20933176 [PubMed - in process]Related citations

  • Anti-Tumor Activity of Aloe vera Against DMBA/Croton Oil-Induced Skin Papillomagenesis in Swiss Albino Mice. Saini M, Goyal PK, Chaudhary G. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 2010;29(2):127-35.PMID: 20932247 [PubMed - in process]Related citations

  • Aluminosilicate Relatives: Chalcogenoaluminogermanates Rb(3)(AlQ(2))(3)(GeQ(2))(7) (Q = S, Se). Rothenberger A, Shafaei-Fallah M, Kanatzidis MG. Inorg Chem. 2010 Oct 8. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20932019 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations

  • A Nutrient Approach to Prostate Cancer Prevention: The Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT). Dunn BK, Richmond ES, Minasian LM, Ryan AM, Ford LG. Nutr Cancer. 2010 Oct;62(7):896-918.PMID: 20924966 [PubMed - in process]Related citations

  • Serum levels of selenium in patients with breast cancer before and after treatment of external beam radiotherapy. Franca CA, Nogueira CR, Ramalho A, Carvalho AC, Vieira SL, Penna AB. Ann Oncol. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20924074 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations

  • Kenji Soda--researching enzymes with the spirit of an alpinist. Yoshimura T, Mihara H, Ohshima T, Tanizawa K. J Biochem. 2010 Oct;148(4):371-9.PMID: 20924059 [PubMed - in process]Related citations

  • Inhibitory effect of arsenic on aerobic gut flora in rat. Choudhry ZK, Misbahuddin M, Hosain AK, Saleh AA. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull. 2009 Dec;35(3):79-83.PMID: 20922909 [PubMed - in process]Related citations

  • [Endemic and biogeochemical features of the territory of Chuvash Republic] [No authors listed] Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk. 2010;(8):40-6. Russian. PMID: 20922843 [PubMed - in process]Related citations

  • Interaction of uranyl with Se(IV) and Se(VI) in aqueous acid solutions by means of capillary electrophoresis. Sladkov V. Electrophoresis. 2010 Oct 4. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20922762 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations

  • Ensemble Modeling Coupled with Six Element Concentrations in Human Blood for Cancer Diagnosis. Chen H, Tan C, Wu T. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2010 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20922500 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations

  • Use of dietary vitamin E and selenium (Se) to increase the shelf life of modified atmosphere packaged light lamb meat. Ripoll G, Joy M, Muñoz F. Meat Sci. 2010 Sep 18. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20920835 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations

  • Impacts of maternal selenium and nutritional level on growth, adiposity, and glucose tolerance in female offspring in sheep. Vonnahme KA, Luther JS, Reynolds LP, Hammer CJ, Carlson DB, Redmer DA, Caton JS. Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2010 Nov;39(4):240-8. Epub 2010 Jul 25.PMID: 20920781 [PubMed - in process]Related citations

  • Mutations disrupting selenocysteine formation cause progressive cerebello-cerebral atrophy. Agamy O, Ben Zeev B, Lev D, Marcus B, Fine D, Su D, Narkis G, Ofir R, Hoffmann C, Leshinsky-Silver E, Flusser H, Sivan S, Söll D, Lerman-Sagie T, Birk OS. Am J Hum Genet. 2010 Oct 8;87(4):538-44.PMID: 20920667 [PubMed - in process]Related citations

  • Developmental toxicity of selenium to Dolly Varden char (Salvelinus malma). McDonald BG, Debruyn AM, Elphick JR, Davies M, Bustard D, Chapman PM. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2010 Aug 3. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20891017 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations

 

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