PROPERTIES, APPLICATIONS AND RESEARCH
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Advanced Materials Information Center | Holmium Products
PROPERTIES OF HOLMIUM
| Melting Point | 1461°C |
| Boiling Point | 2600°C |
| Density | 8.80 g/cm3 |
| Crystal Structure | hcp |
| Metallic Radius | 176 pm |
| Valency | 3 |
| Magnetic Moment | 10.6µB |
APPLICATIONS OF HOLMIUM
Holmium has the highest magnetic moment (10.6µB) of any naturally occurring element. Because of this it has been used to create the highest known magnetic fields by placing it within high strength magnets as a pole piece or magnetic flux concentrator.
This magnetic property also has value in yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) lasers for microwave equipment.
Holmium lases at a human eye safe 2.08 microns allowing its use in a variety of medical and dental applications in both yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) and yttrium-lanthanum-fluoride (YLF) solid state lasers. The wavelength allows for use in silica fibers designed for shorter wavelengths while still providing the cutting strength of longer wave length equipment.
RECENT HOLMIUM RESEARCH
1. Pluhar GE, Thabit G, Klohnen A, et al.
In vitro effects of holmium - YAG laser on caprine stifle retinacular restraints
CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R (356) 239-247 NOV 1998
2. Gebhardt JR, Ali N
Magnetic phase diagrams of holmium determined from magnetoresistance
measurements
3. J APPL PHYS 83: (11) 6299-6301 Part 2 JUN 1 1998
Mugiya S, Ohhira T, Un-No T, et al.
Endoscopic management of upper urinary tract disease using a 200-mu m holmium
laser fiber: Initial experience in Japan
UROLOGY 53: (1) 60-64 JAN 1999
4. Suzuki YS, Momose Y, Higashi N, et al.
Biodistribution and kinetics of holmium- 166-chitosan complex (DW- 166HC) in rats
and mice
J NUCL MED 39: (12) 2161-2166-DEC 1998
5. Cohen BI, Deutsch AS, Musikant BL, et al.
Effect of power settings versus temperature change at the root surface when using
multiple fiber sizes with a holmium YAG laser while enlarging a root canal
J ENDODONT 24: (12) 802-806 DEC 1998
6. Sumiyoshi T, Sekita H
Dual-wavelength continuous-wave cascade oscillation at 3 and 2 mu m with a
holmium-doped fluoride-glass fiber laser
OPT LETT 23: (23) 1837-1839 DEC 1 1998
7. Vorob'ev AF, Monaenkova AS, Vasil'eva SV
Enthalpies of solution of holmium, thulium, and yttrium trichlorides in
water-formamide mixtures
ZH FIZ KHIM+ 72: (9) 1567-1569 SEP 1998
8. Jing G, Freidberg SR, Thomas CB, et al.
Brain tissue response to Holmium : YAG laser irradiation
CHINESE MED J-PEKING 111: (11) 982-987 NOV 1998
9. Lazarev BG, Lazareva LS, Chernyak NA, et al.
Ultimately high magnetic properties of low-temperature ferromagnets - Dysprosium
and holmium - Produced by hydrostatic extrusion
FIZ MET METALLOVED+ 86: (3) 46-57 SEP 1998
10. Dominiak-Dzik G, Golab S, Zawadzka J, et al.
Spectroscopic properties of holmium doped LiTa03 crystals
J PHYS-CONDENS MAT 10: (45) 10291-10306 NOV 16 1998
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