Indium Lead Silver is one of numerous metal alloys sold by American Elements under the tradename AE Alloys™. Indium Lead Silver is available as bar, Ingot, ribbon, wire, shot, sheet, and foil. Ultra high purity and high purity forms also include metal powder, submicron powder and nanoscale, targets for thin film deposition, and pellets for evaporation. Indium Lead Silver is generally immediately available in most volumes.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Primary applications include bearing assembly, ballast, casting, step soldering, and radiation shielding.
Indium is a Block P, Group 13, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Indium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 3 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1. In its elemental form indium's CAS number is 7440-74-6. The indium atom has a radius of 162.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 193.pm. Indium is only slightly toxic. Indium has found application in semi-conductor materials and other electronic applications. It is used to make low-melting alloys, such as an alloy of 24% indium - 76% Indium is liquid at room temperature. It is used in making bearing alloys, germanium transistors, rectifiers, and photoconductors. It can be plated onto metal and evaporated onto glass, forming a mirror as good as that made with silver but with more resistance to atmospheric corrosion. Indium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Indium is also used in various metal alloys (See AE Alloys). Indium was first discovered by Ferdinand Reich in 1863. See Indium research below.
Lead is a Block P, Group 14, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Lead's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2. In its elemental form lead's CAS number is 7439-92-1. The lead atom has a radius of 175.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 202.pm. Lead and its compounds are poisonous. Lead is a bluish-white metal of bright luster, naturally occurring as a mixture of four stable isotopes: 204Pb (1.48%), 206Pb (23.6%), 207Pb (22.6%), and 208Pb (52.3%). It is highly resistant to corrosion and can be used to contain corrosive liquids such as sulfuric acid. Great quantities of Lead, both as the dioxide and the metal, are used in batteries, cable covering, plumbing, and ammunition. Alloys include solder, type metal, and various antifriction metals and compounds. Lead is extremely effective at absorbing sound and vibration. It is also used as radiation shielding for X-ray equipment and nuclear reactors. Oxides of Lead are used in producing fine "crystal glass" and "flint glass" of a high index of refraction for achromatic lenses. Lead ceramics and crystalline material have a wide range of industrial and optical applications, including infrared detection and imaging. Lead-based semiconductors, such as lead telluride, lead selenide and lead antimonide are finding application in photovoltaic (solar energy) cells and infra red detectors. Lead was first discovered by Early Man. The origin of the name Lithium comes from the Greek word protos meaning "first". See Lead research below.
Silver is a Block D, Group 11, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Silver's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Kr]4d10 5s1. In its elemental form silver's CAS number is 7440-22-4. The silver atom has a radius of 144.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 144.pm. Silver is not toxic although most silver salts are poisonous. Silver has a brilliant white metallic luster. It is a little harder than gold and is very ductile and malleable, being exceeded only by gold and perhaps palladium. Pure silver has the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of all metals, and possesses the lowest contact resistance. It is stable in pure air and water, but tarnishes when exposed to ozone, hydrogen sulfide, or air containing sulfur. Silver nitrate has wide application in painting, xerography, chemical electroplating, in components for electric batteries and in medicine as catalyst. Silver chloride is another important compound, due to its ductility and malleability. The organic compounds of the element are used in the coating of several metals and in dynamite or other explosive bars. Metallic silver is used as a catalyst of several oxidation reactions such as those of ethanol and other alcohols. Silver is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Silver was first discovered by Early Man. Silver was named after the Anglo-Saxon word "seolfor" or "siolfur" meaning 'silver'. See Silver research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Diastereoselective indium-mediated allylation of N-tert-butanesulfinyl ketimines: easy access to asymmetric quaternary stereocenters bearing nitrogen atoms.
Sirvent JA, Foubelo F, Yus M.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2012 Jan 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22281839
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Focusing on Energy and Optoelectronic Applications: A Journey for Graphene and Graphene Oxide at Large Scale.
Wan X, Huang Y, Chen Y.
Acc Chem Res. 2012 Jan 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22280410
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A Wheel-Shaped Indium-Telluride Nanocluster [In(18)Te(30)(dach)(6)](6-): Its Formation and Structure.
Wang YH, Luo W, Jiang JB, Bian GQ, Zhu QY, Dai J.
Inorg Chem. 2012 Jan 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22279965
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Distribution of Cell-Free and Cell-Associated HIV Surrogates in the Female Genital Tract After Simulated Vaginal Intercourse.
Louissaint NA, Fuchs EJ, Bakshi RP, Nimmagadda S, Du Y, Macura KJ, King KE, Wahl R, Goldsmith AJ, Caffo B, Cao YJ, Anderson J, Hendrix CW.
J Infect Dis. 2012 Jan 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22279121
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Visible to near-infrared light harvesting in Ag(2)S nanoparticles/ZnO nanowire array photoanodes.
Wu JJ, Chang RC, Chen DW, Wu CT.
Nanoscale. 2012 Jan 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22278401
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Enhancement of light extraction in GaN-based light-emitting diodes using rough beveled ZnO nanocone arrays.
Yin Z, Liu X, Wu Y, Hao X, Xu X.
Opt Express. 2012 Jan 16;20(2):1013-21. doi: 10.1364/OE.20.001013.
PMID:
22274448
[PubMed - in process]
MgO nano-facet embedded silver-based dielectric/metal/dielectric transparent electrode.
Kim S, Yu HK, Hong K, Kim K, Son JH, Lee I, Kim KB, Kim TY, Lee JL.
Opt Express. 2012 Jan 16;20(2):845-53. doi: 10.1364/OE.20.000845.
PMID:
22274430
[PubMed - in process]
Carrier dynamics in InN nanorod arrays.
Ahn H, Yu CC, Yu P, Tang J, Hong YL, Gwo S.
Opt Express. 2012 Jan 16;20(2):769-75. doi: 10.1364/OE.20.000769.
PMID:
22274422
[PubMed - in process]
Coherent and directional emission at 1.55 µm from PbSe colloidal quantum dot electroluminescent device on silicon.
Heo J, Jiang Z, Xu J, Bhattacharya P.
Opt Express. 2011 Dec 19;19(27):26394-8. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.026394.
PMID:
22274223
[PubMed - in process]
Transformation of Indium Nanoparticles to ß-Indium Sulfide: Digestive Ripening and Visible Light-Induced Photocatalytic Properties.
Cingarapu S, Ikenbbery MA, Hamal DB, Sorensen CM, Hohn K, Klabunde KJ.
Langmuir. 2012 Jan 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22272650
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Tailoring 3D-Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Anchored to Indium Tin Oxide for Natural Cellular Uptake and Intracellular Sensing.
Mendes PM, Rawson F, Jackson S, Yeung C.
Nano Lett. 2012 Jan 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22268573
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Vaginal distribution and retention of a multiparticulate drug delivery system, assessed by gamma scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging.
Mehta S, Verstraelen H, Peremans K, Villeirs G, Vermeire S, De Vos F, Mehuys E, Remon JP, Vervaet C.
Int J Pharm. 2012 Jan 13. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22265911
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Synthesis and characterization of InNbO(4) nanopowder for gas sensors.
Balamurugan C, Vijayakumar E, Subramania A.
Talanta. 2012 Jan 15;88:115-20. Epub 2011 Nov 26.
PMID:
22265476
[PubMed - in process]
Interfacial effects on the optical behavior of Ge:ITO and Ge:ZnO nanocomposite films.
Shih GH, Allen CG, Potter BG Jr.
Nanotechnology. 2012 Feb 24;23(7):075203. Epub 2012 Jan 20.
PMID:
22261039
[PubMed - in process]
Synthesis of Indium Borate and Its Application in Photodegradation of 4-Chlorophenol.
Yuan J, Wu Q, Zhang P, Yao J, He T, Cao Y.
Environ Sci Technol. 2012 Jan 19. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22260653
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Electrochromic Properties of a Metallo-Supramolecular Polymer Derived from Tetra(2-pyridyl-1,4-pyrazine) Ligands Integrated in Thin Multilayer Films.
da Silva CA, Vidotti M, Fiorito PA, Cordoba De Torresi SI, Torresi RM, Alves WA.
Langmuir. 2012 Jan 19. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22260213
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Bis-(µ-pyridine-2,3-dicarboxyl-ato)bis-[aqua-(3-carb-oxy-pyridine-2-carboxyl-ato)indium(III)] tetra-hydrate.
Eshtiagh-Hosseini H, Mirzaei M, Mousavinezhad A, Necas M, Mague JT.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2012 Jan 1;68(Pt 1):m71-2. Epub 2011 Dec 21.
PMID:
22259367
[PubMed - in process]
Indium Tin Oxide devices for amperometric detection of vesicular release by single cells.
Meunier A, Fulcrand R, Darchen F, Guille Collignon M, Lemaître F, Amatore C.
Biophys Chem. 2011 Dec 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22257976
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A transparent µECoG array for simultaneous recording and optogenetic stimulation.
Ledochowitsch P, Olivero E, Blanche T, Maharbiz MM.
Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2011 Aug;2011:2937-40.
PMID:
22254956
[PubMed - in process]
Flexible PET/ITO electrode array for implantable biomedical applications.
Ahani A, Saadati-Fard L, Sodagar AM, Boroumad FA.
Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2011 Aug;2011:2878-81.
PMID:
22254942
[PubMed - in process]
Clinical features of gout.
Grassi W, De Angelis R.
Reumatismo. 2012 Jan 19;63(4):238-45. doi: 10.4081/reumatismo.2011.238.
PMID:
22303530
[PubMed - in process]
Increased GABA(A) Receptor e-Subunit Expression on Ventral Respiratory Column Neurons Protects Breathing during Pregnancy.
Hengen KB, Nelson NR, Stang KM, Johnson SM, Crader SM, Watters JJ, Mitchell GS, Behan M.
PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e30608. Epub 2012 Jan 31.
PMID:
22303446
[PubMed - in process]
Epigenomics in environmental health.
Christensen BC, Marsit CJ.
Front Genet. 2011;2:84. Epub 2011 Nov 22.
PMID:
22303378
[PubMed - in process]
The functional consequences of relative substrate specificity in complex biochemical systems.
Zeng Y.
Front Genet. 2011;2:65. Epub 2011 Sep 20.
PMID:
22303360
[PubMed - in process]
Origin and evolution of antibiotic resistance: the common mechanisms of emergence and spread in water bodies.
Lupo A, Coyne S, Berendonk TU.
Front Microbiol. 2012;3:18. Epub 2012 Jan 26.
PMID:
22303296
[PubMed - in process]
Structural Anisotropy in Polar Fluids Subjected to Periodic Boundary Conditions.
Stenhammar J, Karlström G, Linse P.
J Chem Theory Comput. 2011 Dec 13;7(12):4165-4174. Epub 2011 Oct 18.
PMID:
22303290
[PubMed]
Developing a model for resource room training for slow learners in normal schools.
Krishnakumar P, Jisha AM, Sukumaran SK, Nair MK.
Indian J Psychiatry. 2011 Oct;53(4):336-9.
PMID:
22303043
[PubMed - in process]
Assessing the risk of international spread of yellow Fever virus: a mathematical analysis of an urban outbreak in asuncion, 2008.
Johansson MA, Arana-Vizcarrondo N, Biggerstaff BJ, Gallagher N, Marano N, Staples JE.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012 Feb;86(2):349-58.
PMID:
22302873
[PubMed - in process]
A 2,6-Disubstituted 4-Anilinoquinazoline Derivative Facilitates Cardiomyogenesis of Embryonic Stem Cells.
Shen G, Hu Y, Wu J, Jin K, Zhu D, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Lou Y.
ChemMedChem. 2012 Feb 2. doi: 10.1002/cmdc.201100603. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302775
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
R179H mutation in ACTA2 expanding the phenotype to include prune-belly sequence and skin manifestations.
Richer J, Milewicz DM, Gow R, de Nanassy J, Maharajh G, Miller E, Oppenheimer L, Weiler G, O'Connor M.
Am J Med Genet A. 2012 Feb 2. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35206. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302747
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Uncoupling of RAD51 focus formation and cell survival after replication fork stalling in RAD51D null CHO cells.
Urbin SS, Elvers I, Hinz JM, Helleday T, Thompson LH.
Environ Mol Mutagen. 2012 Mar;53(2):114-24. doi: 10.1002/em.21672. Epub 2012 Jan 4.
PMID:
22302683
[PubMed - in process]
Operating Room Traffic is a Major Concern During Total Joint Arthroplasty.
Panahi P, Stroh M, Casper DS, Parvizi J, Austin MS.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012 Feb 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302655
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Improving test properties for neonatal cystic fibrosis screening in the Netherlands before the nationwide start by May 1st 2011.
Cornel MC, Gille JJ, Loeber JG, Langen AM, Dankert-Roelse J, Bolhuis PA.
J Inherit Metab Dis. 2012 Feb 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302635
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A functional variation in the hypocretin neuropeptide precursor gene may be associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in Japan.
Ahmed WA, Tsutsumi M, Nakata S, Mori T, Nishimura Y, Fujisawa T, Kato I, Nakashima M, Kurahashi H, Suzuki K.
Laryngoscope. 2012 Feb 2. doi: 10.1002/lary.23179. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302634
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Lack of Cardiac Nerve Sprouting after Intramyocardial Transplantation of Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells in a Swine Model of Chronic Ischemic Myocardium.
Liu Y, Lai WH, Liao SY, Siu CW, Yang YZ, Tse HF.
J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2012 Feb 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302631
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Direct-to-Consumer Personal Genomic Testing: A Case Study and Practical Recommendations for "Genomic Counseling"
Sturm AC, Manickam K.
J Genet Couns. 2012 Feb 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302621
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Fungicide impacts on photosynthesis in crop plants.
Petit AN, Fontaine F, Vatsa P, Clément C, Vaillant-Gaveau N.
Photosynth Res. 2012 Feb 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302592
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Membrane-Bound Toll-Like Receptors are Overexpressed in Peripheral Blood and Synovial Fluid Mononuclear Cells of Enthesitis-Related Arthritis Category of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA-ERA) Patients and Lead to Secretion of Inflammatory Mediators.
Myles A, Rahman MT, Aggarwal A.
J Clin Immunol. 2012 Feb 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302567
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Comment: PML and adhesion molecule therapy.
Tyler KL, Bennett JL.
Neurology. 2012 Feb 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302549
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Contributing factors to surgical site infections.
Harrop JS, Styliaras JC, Ooi YC, Radcliff KE, Vaccaro AR, Wu C.
J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2012 Feb;20(2):94-101.
PMID:
22302447
[PubMed - in process]
Recent Research & Development for Silver
Contemporary management of lymph node metastases from an unknown primary to the neck: II. A review of therapeutic options.
Strojan P, Ferlito A, Langendijk JA, Corry J, Woolgar JA, Rinaldo A, Silver CE, Paleri V, Fagan JJ, Pellitteri PK, Haigentz M Jr, Suárez C, Robbins KT, Rodrigo JP, Olsen KD, Hinni ML, Werner JA, Mondin V, Kowalski LP, Devaney KO, de Bree R, Takes RP, Wolf GT, Shaha AR, Genden EM, Barnes L.
Head Neck. 2011 Oct 27. doi: 10.1002/hed.21899. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22034062
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Contemporary management of lymph node metastases from an unknown primary to the neck: I. A review of diagnostic approaches.
Strojan P, Ferlito A, Medina JE, Woolgar JA, Rinaldo A, Robbins KT, Fagan JJ, Mendenhall WM, Paleri V, Silver CE, Olsen KD, Corry J, Suárez C, Rodrigo JP, Langendijk JA, Devaney KO, Kowalski LP, Hartl DM, Haigentz M Jr, Werner JA, Pellitteri PK, de Bree R, Wolf GT, Takes RP, Genden EM, Hinni ML, Mondin V, Shaha AR, Barnes L.
Head Neck. 2011 Oct 27. doi: 10.1002/hed.21898. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22034046
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Feeding deterrent activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles using Manilkara zapota leaf extract against the house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae).
Kamaraj C, Rajakumar G, Rahuman AA, Velayutham K, Bagavan A, Zahir AA, Elango G.
Parasitol Res. 2011 Oct 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22033735
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The magnet® model: an infrastructure for excellence.
Luzinski C.
J Nurs Adm. 2011 Nov;41(11):441-2.
PMID:
22033310
[PubMed - in process]
Surface tunability of nanoparticles in modulating platelet functions.
Deb S, Raja SO, Dasgupta AK, Sarkar R, Chattopadhyay AP, Chaudhuri U, Guha P, Sardar P.
Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2011 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22033068
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Bio-based nanocomposite coating to preserve quality of Fior di latte cheese.
Gammariello D, Conte A, Buonocore GG, Del Nobile MA.
J Dairy Sci. 2011 Nov;94(11):5298-304.
PMID:
22032352
[PubMed - in process]
European ban on stem-cell patents has a silver lining.
Callaway E.
Nature. 2011 Oct 24;478(7370):441. doi: 10.1038/478441a. No abstract available.
PMID:
22031415
[PubMed - in process]
Use of atorvastatin in systemic lupus erythematosus in children and adolescents.
Schanberg LE, Sandborg C, Barnhart HX, Ardoin SP, Yow E, Evans GW, Mieszkalski KL, Ilowite NT, Eberhard A, Imundo LF, Kimura Y, von Scheven E, Silverman E, Bowyer SL, Punaro L, Singer NG, Sherry DD, McCurdy D, Klein-Gitelman M, Wallace C, Silver R, Wagner-Weiner L, Higgins GC, Brunner HI, Jung L, Soep JB, Reed AM, Provenzale J, Thompson SD; for the APPLE investigators..
Arthritis Rheum. 2011 Oct 26. doi: 10.1002/art.30645. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22031171
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Biomimetic synthesis of chiral erbium-doped silver/peptide/silica core-shell nanoparticles (ESPN).
Mantion A, Graf P, Florea I, Haase A, Thünemann AF, Masic A, Ersen O, Rabu P, Meier W, Luch A, Taubert A.
Nanoscale. 2011 Oct 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22031101
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effect of tetracycline on the bond performance of etch-and-rinse adhesives to dentin.
Stanislawczuk R, Costa JA, Polli LG, Reis A, Loguercio AD.
Braz Oral Res. 2011 Oct;25(5):459-65.
PMID:
22031061
[PubMed - in process]
Measuring quality of life in cleft lip and palate patients: currently available patient-reported outcomes measures.
Eckstein DA, Wu RL, Akinbiyi T, Silver L, Taub PJ.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011 Nov;128(5):518e-26e.
PMID:
22030513
[PubMed - in process]
A systematic review of silver-containing dressings and topical silver agents (used with dressings) for burn wounds.
Aziz Z, Abu SF, Chong NJ.
Burns. 2011 Oct 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22030441
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
CTSA-IP: A Solution to Identifying and Aggregating Intellectual Property across the NIH Clinical Translational Science Award (CTSA) Consortium of Biomedical Research Institutes.
Hazard M, Steele S, Wang D, Pearson T, Scheideler M, Dewhurst S.
Clin Transl Sci. 2011 Oct;4(5):328-331. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2011.00308.x.
PMID:
22029803
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Use of Fluorescent DNA-Templated Gold/Silver Nanoclusters for the Detection of Sulfide Ions.
Chen WY, Lan GY, Chang HT.
Anal Chem. 2011 Oct 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22029551
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
What Point-of-Use Water Treatment Products Do Consumers Use? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial among the Urban Poor in Bangladesh.
Luoto J, Najnin N, Mahmud M, Albert J, Islam MS, Luby S, Unicomb L, Levine DI.
PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26132. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
PMID:
22028817
[PubMed - in process]
Correction: circulating soluble endoglin levels in pregnant women in cameroon and Malawi-associations with placental malaria and fetal growth restriction.
Silver KL, Conroy AL, Leke RG, Leke RJ, Gwanmesia P, Molyneux ME, Wallace Taylor D, Rogerson SJ, Kain KC.
PLoS One. 2011;6(10). doi: 10.1371/annotation/e9946f72-821d-45ea-bcd4-3fa3ff89a5fe. Epub 2011 Oct 7.
PMID:
22028764
[PubMed - in process]
Fc receptor-like 5 promotes B cell proliferation and drives the development of cells displaying switched isotypes.
Dement-Brown J, Newton CS, Ise T, Damdinsuren B, Nagata S, Tolnay M.
J Leukoc Biol. 2011 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22028333
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Colorimetric detection of copper ions in tap water during the synthesis of silver/dopamine nanoparticles.
Ma YR, Niu HY, Zhang XL, Cai YQ.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Oct 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22027901
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Measuring and manipulating subjective organization after traumatic brain injury.
Parente R, Demott E, Johnson C, Jennings P, Silver R.
NeuroRehabilitation. 2011 Jan 1;29(2):117-24.
PMID:
22027072
[PubMed - in process]
Development of a Histidine-Targeted Spectrophotometric Sensor Using Ni(II)NTA Functionalized Au and Ag Nanoparticles.
Swartz JD, Gulka CP, Haselton FR, Wright DW.
Langmuir. 2011 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22026818
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Indium is a Block P, Group 13, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Indium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 3 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1. In its elemental form indium's CAS number is 7440-74-6. The indium atom has a radius of 162.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 193.pm. Indium is only slightly toxic. Indium has found application in semi-conductor materials and other electronic applications. 
It is used to make low-melting alloys, such as an alloy of 24% indium - 76% Indium is liquid at room temperature. It is used in making bearing alloys, germanium transistors, rectifiers, and photoconductors. It can be plated onto metal and 
evaporated onto glass, forming a mirror as good as that made with silver but with more resistance to atmospheric corrosion. Indium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Indium is also used in various metal alloys (See AE Alloys). Indium was first discovered by Ferdinand Reich in 1863. See Indium research below.
Lead is a Block P, Group 14, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Lead's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2. In its elemental form lead's CAS number is 7439-92-1. The lead atom has a radius of 175.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 202.pm. Lead and its compounds are poisonous. Lead is a bluish-white metal of bright luster, naturally occurring as a mixture of four stable isotopes: 204Pb (1.48%), 206Pb (23.6%), 207Pb (22.6%), and 208Pb (52.3%). It is highly resistant to corrosion and can be used to contain corrosive liquids such as sulfuric acid. Great quantities of Lead, 
both as the dioxide and the metal, are used in batteries, cable covering, plumbing, and ammunition. Alloys include solder, type metal, and various antifriction metals and compounds. Lead is extremely effective at absorbing sound and vibration. It is also used 
as radiation shielding for X-ray equipment and nuclear reactors. Oxides of Lead are used in producing fine "crystal glass" and "flint glass" of a high index of refraction for achromatic lenses. Lead ceramics and crystalline material have a wide range of industrial and optical applications, including infrared detection and imaging. Lead-based semiconductors, such as lead telluride, lead selenide and lead antimonide are finding application in photovoltaic (solar energy) cells and infra red detectors. Lead was first discovered by Early Man. The origin of the name Lithium comes from the Greek word protos meaning "first". See Lead research below.
Silver is a Block D, Group 11, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Silver's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Kr]4d10 5s1. In its elemental form silver's CAS number is 7440-22-4. The silver atom has a radius of 144.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 144.pm. Silver is not toxic although most silver salts are poisonous. Silver has a brilliant white metallic luster. It is a little harder than gold and is very ductile and malleable, being exceeded only by gold and perhaps palladium. Pure silver has the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of all metals, 
and possesses the lowest contact resistance. It is stable in pure air and water, but tarnishes when 
exposed to ozone, hydrogen sulfide, or air containing sulfur. Silver nitrate has wide application in painting, xerography, chemical electroplating, in components for electric batteries and in medicine as catalyst. Silver chloride is another important compound, due to its ductility and malleability. The organic compounds of the element are used in the coating of several metals and in dynamite or other explosive bars. Metallic silver is used as a catalyst of several oxidation reactions such as those of ethanol and other alcohols. Silver is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Silver was first discovered by Early Man. Silver was named after the Anglo-Saxon word "seolfor" or "siolfur" meaning 'silver'. See Silver research below. 
