Indium Zinc Oxide (IZO) is a highly insoluble thermally stable Aluminum source suitable for glass, optic and ceramic applications. IZO is availble in granule, powder and tablet forms. Oxide compounds are not conductive to electricity. However, certain perovskite structured oxides are electronically conductive finding application in the cathode of solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen generation systems. They are compounds containing at least one oxygen anion and one metallic cation. They are typically insoluble in aqueous solutions (water) and extremely stable making them useful in ceramic structures as simple as producing clay bowls to advanced electronics and in light weight structural components in aerospace and electrochemical applications such as fuel cells in which they exhibit ionic conductivity. Metal oxide compounds are basic anhydrides and can therefore react with acids and with strong reducing agents in redox reactions. Indium Zinc Oxide is also available in pellets, pieces, powder, sputtering targets, tablets, and nanopowder (from American Elements' nanoscale production facilities). See Nanotechnology for more nanotechnology applications information. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available.
Indium is a Block P, Group 13, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Indium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 3 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1. In its elemental form indium's CAS number is 7440-74-6. The indium atom has a radius of 162.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 193.pm. Indium is only slightly toxic. Indium has found application in semi-conductor materials and other electronic applications. It is used to make low-melting alloys, such as an alloy of 24% indium - 76% Indium is liquid at room temperature. It is used in making bearing alloys, germanium transistors, rectifiers, and photoconductors. It can be plated onto metal and evaporated onto glass, forming a mirror as good as that made with silver but with more resistance to atmospheric corrosion. Indium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Indium is also used in various metal alloys (See AE Alloys). Indium was first discovered by Ferdinand Reich in 1863. See Indium research below.
Zinc is a Block D, Group 12, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Zinc's shells is 2, 8, 18, 2, and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2. In its elemental form zinc's CAS number is 7440-66-6. The zinc atom has a radius of 133.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 139.pm. Combined with other elements as ores, Zinc is found in nature. Zinc is considered non-toxicin healthy doses but can cause nausea if taken in excess. Zinc is a bluish-white, lustrous metal which we produce in Special High Grade (SHG) purities. It is brittle at ordinary temperatures but malleable at 100 to 150 o C. It is a fair conductor of electricity, and burns in air at high red heat with evolution of white clouds of the oxide. It has unusual electrical, thermal, optical, and solid-state properties that have not been fully investigated. The metal is employed to form numerous alloys with other metals. Brass, nickel, silver, commercial bronze, soft solder, and aluminum solder are some of the more important alloys. Large quantities of zinc are used to produce die castings, which are used extensively by the automotive, electrical, and hardware industries. Zinc is also used extensively togalvanize other metals such as iron to prevent corrosion. Zinc oxide is widely used in the manufacture of paints, rubber products, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, floor coverings, plastics, printing inks, soap, storage batteries, textiles, electrical equipment, and other products. Zinc sulfide is used in making luminous dials, X-ray and TV screens, and fluorescent lights The chloride and chromate are also important compounds. Zinc is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Zinc was first discovered by Andreas Marggraf in 1746. The element name Zinc originates from the German word "zin" meaning tin. See Zinc research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Diastereoselective indium-mediated allylation of N-tert-butanesulfinyl ketimines: easy access to asymmetric quaternary stereocenters bearing nitrogen atoms.
Sirvent JA, Foubelo F, Yus M.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2012 Jan 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22281839
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Focusing on Energy and Optoelectronic Applications: A Journey for Graphene and Graphene Oxide at Large Scale.
Wan X, Huang Y, Chen Y.
Acc Chem Res. 2012 Jan 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22280410
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A Wheel-Shaped Indium-Telluride Nanocluster [In(18)Te(30)(dach)(6)](6-): Its Formation and Structure.
Wang YH, Luo W, Jiang JB, Bian GQ, Zhu QY, Dai J.
Inorg Chem. 2012 Jan 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22279965
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Distribution of Cell-Free and Cell-Associated HIV Surrogates in the Female Genital Tract After Simulated Vaginal Intercourse.
Louissaint NA, Fuchs EJ, Bakshi RP, Nimmagadda S, Du Y, Macura KJ, King KE, Wahl R, Goldsmith AJ, Caffo B, Cao YJ, Anderson J, Hendrix CW.
J Infect Dis. 2012 Jan 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22279121
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Visible to near-infrared light harvesting in Ag(2)S nanoparticles/ZnO nanowire array photoanodes.
Wu JJ, Chang RC, Chen DW, Wu CT.
Nanoscale. 2012 Jan 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22278401
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Enhancement of light extraction in GaN-based light-emitting diodes using rough beveled ZnO nanocone arrays.
Yin Z, Liu X, Wu Y, Hao X, Xu X.
Opt Express. 2012 Jan 16;20(2):1013-21. doi: 10.1364/OE.20.001013.
PMID:
22274448
[PubMed - in process]
MgO nano-facet embedded silver-based dielectric/metal/dielectric transparent electrode.
Kim S, Yu HK, Hong K, Kim K, Son JH, Lee I, Kim KB, Kim TY, Lee JL.
Opt Express. 2012 Jan 16;20(2):845-53. doi: 10.1364/OE.20.000845.
PMID:
22274430
[PubMed - in process]
Carrier dynamics in InN nanorod arrays.
Ahn H, Yu CC, Yu P, Tang J, Hong YL, Gwo S.
Opt Express. 2012 Jan 16;20(2):769-75. doi: 10.1364/OE.20.000769.
PMID:
22274422
[PubMed - in process]
Coherent and directional emission at 1.55 µm from PbSe colloidal quantum dot electroluminescent device on silicon.
Heo J, Jiang Z, Xu J, Bhattacharya P.
Opt Express. 2011 Dec 19;19(27):26394-8. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.026394.
PMID:
22274223
[PubMed - in process]
Transformation of Indium Nanoparticles to ß-Indium Sulfide: Digestive Ripening and Visible Light-Induced Photocatalytic Properties.
Cingarapu S, Ikenbbery MA, Hamal DB, Sorensen CM, Hohn K, Klabunde KJ.
Langmuir. 2012 Jan 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22272650
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Tailoring 3D-Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Anchored to Indium Tin Oxide for Natural Cellular Uptake and Intracellular Sensing.
Mendes PM, Rawson F, Jackson S, Yeung C.
Nano Lett. 2012 Jan 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22268573
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Vaginal distribution and retention of a multiparticulate drug delivery system, assessed by gamma scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging.
Mehta S, Verstraelen H, Peremans K, Villeirs G, Vermeire S, De Vos F, Mehuys E, Remon JP, Vervaet C.
Int J Pharm. 2012 Jan 13. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22265911
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Synthesis and characterization of InNbO(4) nanopowder for gas sensors.
Balamurugan C, Vijayakumar E, Subramania A.
Talanta. 2012 Jan 15;88:115-20. Epub 2011 Nov 26.
PMID:
22265476
[PubMed - in process]
Interfacial effects on the optical behavior of Ge:ITO and Ge:ZnO nanocomposite films.
Shih GH, Allen CG, Potter BG Jr.
Nanotechnology. 2012 Feb 24;23(7):075203. Epub 2012 Jan 20.
PMID:
22261039
[PubMed - in process]
Synthesis of Indium Borate and Its Application in Photodegradation of 4-Chlorophenol.
Yuan J, Wu Q, Zhang P, Yao J, He T, Cao Y.
Environ Sci Technol. 2012 Jan 19. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22260653
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Electrochromic Properties of a Metallo-Supramolecular Polymer Derived from Tetra(2-pyridyl-1,4-pyrazine) Ligands Integrated in Thin Multilayer Films.
da Silva CA, Vidotti M, Fiorito PA, Cordoba De Torresi SI, Torresi RM, Alves WA.
Langmuir. 2012 Jan 19. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22260213
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Bis-(µ-pyridine-2,3-dicarboxyl-ato)bis-[aqua-(3-carb-oxy-pyridine-2-carboxyl-ato)indium(III)] tetra-hydrate.
Eshtiagh-Hosseini H, Mirzaei M, Mousavinezhad A, Necas M, Mague JT.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2012 Jan 1;68(Pt 1):m71-2. Epub 2011 Dec 21.
PMID:
22259367
[PubMed - in process]
Indium Tin Oxide devices for amperometric detection of vesicular release by single cells.
Meunier A, Fulcrand R, Darchen F, Guille Collignon M, Lemaître F, Amatore C.
Biophys Chem. 2011 Dec 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22257976
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A transparent µECoG array for simultaneous recording and optogenetic stimulation.
Ledochowitsch P, Olivero E, Blanche T, Maharbiz MM.
Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2011 Aug;2011:2937-40.
PMID:
22254956
[PubMed - in process]
Flexible PET/ITO electrode array for implantable biomedical applications.
Ahani A, Saadati-Fard L, Sodagar AM, Boroumad FA.
Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2011 Aug;2011:2878-81.
PMID:
22254942
[PubMed - in process]
The PHD Finger of Human UHRF1 Reveals a New Subgroup of Unmethylated Histone H3 Tail Readers.
Lallous N, Legrand P, McEwen AG, Ramón-Maiques S, Samama JP, Birck C.
PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27599. Epub 2011 Nov 11.
PMID:
22096602
[PubMed - in process]
The Pharmacological Mechanism of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibition by Green Tea, Rooibos and Enalaprilat - A Study on Enzyme Kinetics.
Persson IA.
Phytother Res. 2011 Sep 8. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3588. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095883
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Chiral Nanoporous Metal-Organic Frameworks with High Porosity as Materials for Drug Delivery.
Sun CY, Qin C, Wang CG, Su ZM, Wang S, Wang XL, Yang GS, Shao KZ, Lan YQ, Wang EB.
Adv Mater. 2011 Nov 18. doi: 10.1002/adma.201102538. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095878
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Supramolecular Inclusion Complexes of Two Cyclic Zinc Bisporphyrins with C(60) and C(70) : Structural, Thermodynamic, and Photophysical Characterization.
Hernández-Eguía LP, Escudero-Adán EC, Pintre IC, Ventura B, Flamigni L, Ballester P.
Chemistry. 2011 Nov 17. doi: 10.1002/chem.201101511. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095593
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Clinical significance of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) in human gastric cancer.
Okugawa Y, Toiyama Y, Tanaka K, Matsusita K, Fujikawa H, Saigusa S, Ohi M, Inoue Y, Mohri Y, Uchida K, Kusunoki M.
J Surg Oncol. 2011 Nov 17. doi: 10.1002/jso.22142. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095522
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Convenient photooxidation of alcohols using dye sensitised zinc oxide in combination with silver nitrate and TEMPO.
Jeena V, Robinson RS.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Nov 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095311
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Controlled delivery of basal level of insulin from chitosan-zinc-insulin-complex-loaded thermosensitive copolymer.
Oak M, Singh J.
J Pharm Sci. 2011 Nov 17. doi: 10.1002/jps.22823. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095295
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
An important minority of prediabetic first-degree relatives of type 1 diabetic patients derives from seroconversion to persistent autoantibody positivity after 10 years of age.
Vermeulen I, Weets I, Costa O, Asanghanwa M, Verhaeghen K, Decochez K, Ruige J, Casteels K, Wenzlau J, Hutton JC, Pipeleers DG, Gorus FK; the Belgian Diabetes Registry.
Diabetologia. 2011 Nov 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095238
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Comparative kinome analysis to identify putative colon tumor biomarkers.
Hennig EE, Mikula M, Rubel T, Dadlez M, Ostrowski J.
J Mol Med (Berl). 2011 Nov 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095101
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Zinc and the ERK Kinases in the Developing Brain.
Nuttall JR, Oteiza PI.
Neurotox Res. 2011 Nov 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22095091
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Exploring the microbial metalloproteome using MIRAGE.
Sevcenco AM, Pinkse MW, Wolterbeek HT, Verhaert PD, Hagen WR, Hagedoorn PL.
Metallomics. 2011 Nov 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22094925
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Zinc and Copper Deficiency In The Microvillus Inclusion Disease.
Diamanti A, Basso MS, Candusso M, Panetta F, Gambarara M.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011 Nov 15. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
22094898
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Fortified juice drink improved iron and zinc status of schoolchildren.
Angeles-Agdeppa I, Magsadia CR, Capanzana MV.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(4):535-43.
PMID:
22094838
[PubMed - in process]
In situ kinetic study of zinc sulfide activation using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D).
Teng F, Liu Q, Zeng H.
J Colloid Interface Sci. 2011 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22093872
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Preparation and characterization of cobalt-substituted anthrax lethal factor.
Säbel CE, Carbone R, Dabous JR, Lo SY, Siemann S.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Nov 10. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22093822
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Co-gasification of municipal solid waste and material recovery in a large-scale gasification and melting system.
Tanigaki N, Manako K, Osada M.
Waste Manag. 2011 Nov 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22093706
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
[The role of heme oxygenase 1 in hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis and mitochondrial trans membrane potential change in rat primary typeII alveolar epithelium cells].
Wu Y, Chen M, Wu S, Wang HM, Qian MJ, Wang YH, Fu XY.
Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2011 Nov;23(11):658-60. Chinese.
PMID:
22093310
[PubMed - in process]
Feed consumption, diet digestibility and mineral utilization in captive blackbuck (Antelope cervicapra) fed different levels of concentrates.
Das A, Katole S, Choubey M, Gupta SP, Saini M, Kumar V, Swarup D.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2011 Nov 17. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01245.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22093070
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
An explorative study of non-invasive ultra-weak photon emission and the anti-oxidative influence of oral zinc sulphate in light-sensitive patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria.
Petersen AB, Philipsen PA, Wulf HC.
Skin Res Technol. 2011 Nov 16. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2011.00586.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22092997
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Metal-mediated affinity and orientation specificity in a computationally designed protein homodimer.
Der BS, Machius M, Miley MJ, Mills JL, Szyperski TA, Kuhlman B.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Nov 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22092237
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Recent Research & Development for Oxides
Andrographolide Inhibits PI3K/AKT-Dependent NOX2 and iNOS Expression Protecting Mice against Hypoxia/Ischemia-Induced Oxidative Brain Injury.
Chern CM, Liou KT, Wang YH, Liao JF, Yen JC, Shen YC.
Planta Med. 2011 Apr 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21512969
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Reexamination of the ORAC assay: effect of metal ions.
Nkhili E, Brat P.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011 May;400(5):1451-1458. Epub 2011 Apr 6.
PMID:
21512895
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Muscle intracellular oxygenation during exercise: optimization for oxygen transport, metabolism, and adaptive change.
Wagner PD.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011 Apr 22. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21512800
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
CuCl-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of 2,3-allenols to 1,2-allenic ketones with 1:1 combination of phenanthroline and bipyridine as ligands.
Gao S, Liu Y, Ma S.
Beilstein J Org Chem. 2011 Apr 7;7:396-403.
PMID:
21512599
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Mitochondrial Structure and Function Are Disrupted by Standard Isolation Methods.
Picard M, Taivassalo T, Ritchie D, Wright KJ, Thomas MM, Romestaing C, Hepple RT.
PLoS One. 2011 Mar 28;6(3):e18317.
PMID:
21512578
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in hypertension.
Schulz E, Gori T, Münzel T.
Hypertens Res. 2011 Apr 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21512515
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Salidroside Attenuates Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Cell Damage Through a cAMP-Dependent Pathway.
Guan S, Wang W, Lu J, Qian W, Huang G, Deng X, Wang X.
Molecules. 2011 Apr 19;16(4):3371-3379.
PMID:
21512445
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Factors Predicting Mortality in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Adults in Alberta.
Marrie TJ, Tyrrell GJ, Garg S, Vanderkooi OG.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2011 Apr 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21512414
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Estimation of Oxygen Uptake From Heart Rate and Ratings of Perceived Exertion in Young Soccer Players.
Wong DP, Carling C, Chaouachi A, Dellal A, Castagna C, Chamari K, Behm DG.
J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Apr 20. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21512400
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Mitochondrial pathway leading to programmed cell death induced by aluminum phytotoxicity in Arabidopsis.
Li Z, Xing D.
Plant Signal Behav. 2010 Dec 1;5(12):1660-1662.
PMID:
21512328
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Autophagy in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia.
Watson AS, Mortensen M, Simon AK.
Cell Cycle. 2011 Jun 1;10(11). [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21512311
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Direct Assessments of the Antioxidant Effects of the Novel Collagen Peptide on Reactive Oxygen Species Using Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy.
Kobayashi K, Maehata Y, Kawamura Y, Kusubata M, Hattori S, Tanaka K, Miyamoto C, Yoshino F, Yoshida A, Wada-Takahashi S, Komatsu T, Takahashi SS, Lee MC.
J Pharmacol Sci. 2011 Apr 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21512306
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A Strong Protective Action of Guttiferone-A, a Naturally Occurring Prenylated Benzophenone, Against Iron-Induced Neuronal Cell Damage.
Figueredo YN, García-Pupo L, Rubio OC, Hernández RD, Naal Z, Curti C, Andreu GL.
J Pharmacol Sci. 2011 Apr 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21512303
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effects of Intestinal Microflora on Superoxide Dismutase Activity in the Mouse Cecum.
Dobashi Y, Miyakawa Y, Yamamoto I, Amao H.
Exp Anim. 2011;60(2):133-139.
PMID:
21512268
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
??????Conservative Management of Achilles Tendon Wounds: Results of a Retrospective Study.
Kleinman Y, Cahn A.
Ostomy Wound Manage. 2011 Apr;57(4):32-40.
PMID:
21512191
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Laser-based absorption spectroscopy as a technique for rapid in-line analysis of respired gas concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Cummings B, Hamilton ML, Ciaffoni L, Pragnell TR, Peverall R, Ritchie GA, Hancock G, Robbins PA.
J Appl Physiol. 2011 Apr 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21512147
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The hypoxia associated factor (HAF) switches cells from HIF-1{alpha} to HIF-2{alpha} dependent signaling promoting stem cell characteristics, aggressive tumor growth and invasion.
Koh MY, Lemos R Jr, Liu XP, Powis G.
Cancer Res. 2011 Apr 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21512133
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Coactivators necessary for transcriptional output of the hypoxia inducible factor, HIF, are directly recruited by ARNT PAS-B.
Partch CL, Gardner KH.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Apr 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21512126
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Latitudinal Gradients in Greenhouse Seawater {delta}18O: Evidence from Eocene Sirenian Tooth Enamel.
Clementz MT, Sewall JO.
Science. 2011 Apr 22;332(6028):455-458.
PMID:
21512030
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
High-Performance Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Derived from Polyaniline, Iron, and Cobalt.
Wu G, More KL, Johnston CM, Zelenay P.
Science. 2011 Apr 22;332(6028):443-447.
PMID:
21512028
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Indium Zinc Oxide (IZO) is a highly insoluble thermally stable Aluminum source suitable for glass, optic and ceramic applications. IZO is availble in granule, powder and tablet forms. Oxide compounds are not conductive to electricity. However, certain perovskite structured oxides are electronically conductive finding application in the cathode of solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen generation systems. They are compounds containing at least one oxygen anion and one metallic cation. They are typically insoluble in aqueous solutions (water) and extremely stable making them useful in ceramic structures as simple as producing clay bowls to advanced electronics and in light weight structural components in aerospace and electrochemical applications such as fuel cells in which they exhibit ionic conductivity. Metal oxide compounds are basic anhydrides and can therefore react with acids and with strong reducing agents in redox reactions. Indium Zinc Oxide is also available in pellets, pieces, powder, sputtering targets, tablets, and nanopowder (from American Elements' nanoscale production facilities). See Nanotechnology for more nanotechnology applications information. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available.
Indium is a Block P, Group 13, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Indium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 3 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1. In its elemental form indium's CAS number is 7440-74-6. The indium atom has a radius of 162.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 193.pm. Indium is only slightly toxic. Indium has found application in semi-conductor materials and other electronic applications. 
It is used to make low-melting alloys, such as an alloy of 24% indium - 76% Indium is liquid at room temperature. It is used in making bearing alloys, germanium transistors, rectifiers, and photoconductors. It can be plated onto metal and 
evaporated onto glass, forming a mirror as good as that made with silver but with more resistance to atmospheric corrosion. Indium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Indium is also used in various metal alloys (See AE Alloys). Indium was first discovered by Ferdinand Reich in 1863. See Indium research below.
Zinc is a Block D, Group 12, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Zinc's shells is 2, 8, 18, 2, and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2. In its elemental form zinc's CAS number is 7440-66-6. The zinc atom has a radius of 133.5.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 139.pm. Combined with other elements as ores, Zinc is found in nature. Zinc is considered non-toxicin healthy doses but can cause nausea if taken in excess. Zinc is a bluish-white, lustrous metal which we produce in Special High Grade (SHG) purities. It is brittle at ordinary temperatures but malleable at 100 to 150 o C. It is a fair conductor of electricity, and burns in air at high red heat with evolution of white clouds of the oxide. 
It has unusual electrical, thermal, optical, and 
solid-state properties that have not been fully investigated. The metal is employed to form numerous alloys with other metals. Brass, nickel, silver, commercial bronze, soft solder, and aluminum solder are some of the more important alloys. Large quantities of zinc are used to produce die castings, which are used extensively by the automotive, electrical, and hardware industries. Zinc is also used extensively togalvanize other metals such as iron to prevent corrosion. Zinc oxide is widely used in the manufacture of paints, rubber products, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, floor coverings, plastics, printing inks, soap, storage batteries, textiles, electrical equipment, and other products. Zinc sulfide is used in making luminous dials, X-ray and TV screens, and fluorescent lights The chloride and chromate are also important compounds. Zinc is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Zinc was first discovered by Andreas Marggraf in 1746. The element name Zinc originates from the German word "zin" meaning tin. See Zinc research below.
