American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopeia/British Pharmacopeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.See safety data and research below and pricing/lead time above. American Elements specializes in producing high purity Iridium Telluride Sputtering targets with the highest possible density and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes nanoparticles. We also produce Iridium as disc, granules, ingot, pellets, pieces, powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request.
Iridium is a Block D, Group 9, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Iridium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 15, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2. In its elemental form iridium's CAS number is 7439-88-5. The iridium atom has a radius of 135.7.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Iridium is only slightly toxic. Iridium is a member of the platinum group of metals. It is the most corrosion resistant metal known. It will not react with any acid and can only be attacked by certain molten salts, such as molten sodium chloride. It is alloyed with platinum to produce highly corrosive resistant electrical contacts for spark plugs. Iridium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Iridium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed here. Iridium was first discovered by Smithson Tennant in 1804. See Iridium research below.
Tellurium is a Block P, Group 16, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Tellurium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 6 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4. In its elemental form tellurium's CAS number is 13494-80-9. Tellurium is very toxic and can cause birth defects. The tellurium atom has a radius of 143.2.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 206.pm. Tellurium is a p-type semiconductor, and shows greater conductivity in certain directions, depending on alignment of the atoms. It is grown in crystalline form with other elements such as indium telluride. Its conductivity increases slightly with exposure to light which makes many tellurides candidates for solar energyapplications. Tellurium improves the machinability of copper and stainless steel, and its addition to lead decreases the corrosive action of sulfuric acid on lead and improves its strength and hardness. Tellurium is used as a basic ingredient in blasting caps, and is added to cast iron for chill control. Tellurium is used in ceramics. Bismuth telluride has been used in thermoelectric devices. Iron is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Tellurium was first discovered by Franz Muller von Reichenstein in 1782. The name Tellurium originates from the Greek word 'Tellus' meaning Earth. See Tellurium research below. |
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Recent Research & Development for Iridium
- Determination of the relative ligand-binding strengths in heteroleptic Ir(III) complexes by ESI-Q-TOF tandem mass spectrometry.
Altuntas E, Winter A, Baumgaertel A, Paulus RM, Ulbricht C, Crecelius AC, Risch N, Schubert US.
J Mass Spectrom. 2012 Jan;47(1):34-40. doi: 10.1002/jms.2023.
PMID:
22282087
[PubMed - in process]
- Ir(3)Co(6) and Co(3)Fe(3) Dithiolene Cluster Complexes: Multiple Metal-Metal Bond Formation and Correlation between Structure and Internuclear Electronic Communication.
Tsukada S, Shibata Y, Sakamoto R, Kambe T, Ozeki T, Nishihara H.
Inorg Chem. 2012 Jan 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22280498
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Bright Blue Phosphorescence from Cationic Bis-Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Isocyanide Complexes.
Shavaleev NM, Monti F, Costa RD, Scopelliti R, Bolink HJ, Ortí E, Accorsi G, Armaroli N, Baranoff E, Grätzel M, Nazeeruddin MK.
Inorg Chem. 2012 Jan 26. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22280407
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- IrO2-Based Disperse-Phase Electrocatalysts: A Complementary Study by Means of the Cavity-Microelectrode and the ex-Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy.
Minguzzi A, Locatelli C, Cappelletti G, Scavini M, Vertova A, Ghigna PF, Rondinini S.
J Phys Chem A. 2012 Jan 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22280059
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Synthesis and optoelectronic properties of a heterobimetallic Pt(ii)-Ir(iii) complex used as a single-component emitter in white PLEDs.
Li X, Liu Y, Luo J, Zhang Z, Shi D, Chen Q, Wang Y, He J, Li J, Lei G, Zhu W.
Dalton Trans. 2012 Jan 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22278126
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Stepwise Formation of Iridium(III) Complexes with Monocyclometalating and Dicyclometalating Phosphorus Chelates.
Lin CH, Lin CY, Hung JY, Chang YY, Chi Y, Chung MW, Chang YC, Liu C, Pan HA, Lee GH, Chou PT.
Inorg Chem. 2012 Jan 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22272818
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- General and Practical One-Pot Synthesis of Dihydrobenzosiloles from Styrenes.
Kuznetsov A, Gevorgyan V.
Org Lett. 2012 Jan 24. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22272663
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Patterns of Radiotherapy Practice for Patients with Cervical Cancer in Japan, 2003-2005: Changing Trends in the Pattern of Care Process.
Tomita N, Toita T, Kodaira T, Shinoda A, Uno T, Numasaki H, Teshima T, Mitsumori M.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012 Jan 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22270160
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Bright electrochemiluminescence of iridium(iii) complexes.
Swanick KN, Ladouceur S, Zysman-Colman E, Ding Z.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2012 Jan 19. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22262342
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Turning on Red and Near-Infrared Phosphorescence in Octahedral Complexes with Metalated Quinones.
Damas A, Ventura B, Moussa J, Esposti AD, Chamoreau LM, Barbieri A, Amouri H.
Inorg Chem. 2012 Jan 19. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22260200
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Reactions of Hydridoirida-ß-diketones with Amines or with 2-Aminopyridines: Formation of Hydridoirida-ß-ketoimines, PCN Terdentate Ligands, and Acyl Decarbonylation.
Ciganda R, Garralda MA, Ibarlucea L, Mendicute-Fierro C, Torralba MC, Torres MR.
Inorg Chem. 2012 Jan 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22257029
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Overview of the boston retinal prosthesis: Challenges and opportunities to restore useful vision to the blind.
Rizzo JF, Shire DB, Kelly SK, Troyk P, Gingerich M, McKee B, Priplata A, Chen J, Drohan W, Doyle P, Mendoza O, Theogarajan L, Cogan S, Wyatt JL.
Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2011 Aug;2011:7492-5.
PMID:
22256071
[PubMed - in process]
- A dual-shank neural probe integrated with double waveguides on each shank for optogenetic applications.
Im M, Cho IJ, Wu F, Wise KD, Yoon E.
Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2011 Aug;2011:5480-3.
PMID:
22255578
[PubMed - in process]
- Electrical performance of penetrating microelectrodes chronically implanted in cat cortex.
Kane SR, Cogan SF, Ehrlich J, Plante TD, McCreery DB.
Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2011 Aug;2011:5416-9.
PMID:
22255562
[PubMed - in process]
- Development of the boston retinal prosthesis.
Rizzo JF, Shire DB, Kelly SK, Troyk P, Gingerich M, McKee B, Priplata A, Chen J, Drohan W, Doyle P, Mendoza O, Theogarajan L, Cogan S, Wyatt JL.
Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2011 Aug;2011:3135-8.
PMID:
22255004
[PubMed - in process]
- Surface modification of neural stimulating/recording electrodes with high surface area platinum-iridium alloy coatings.
Petrossians A, Whalen JJ, Weiland JD, Mansfeld F.
Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2011 Aug;2011:3001-4.
PMID:
22254972
[PubMed - in process]
- The first neural probe integrated with light source (blue laser diode) for optical stimulation and electrical recording.
Park H, Shin HJ, Cho IJ, Yoon ES, Suh JK, Im M, Yoon E, Kim YJ, Kim J.
Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2011 Aug;2011:2961-4.
PMID:
22254962
[PubMed - in process]
- Development of an implantable microstimulation system for chronic DBS in rodents.
Paulat R, Meissner W, Morgenstern R, Kupsch A, Harnack D.
Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2011 Aug;2011:660-2.
PMID:
22254395
[PubMed - in process]
- Photonics of a Conjugated Organometallic Pt-Ir Polymer and Its Model Compounds Exhibiting Hybrid CT Excited States.
Soliman AM, Fortin D, Zysman-Colman E, Harvey PD.
Macromol Rapid Commun. 2012 Jan 17. doi: 10.1002/marc.201100721. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22253217
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Detection of intracochlear damage during cochlear implant electrode insertion using extracochlear measurements in the gerbil.
Ahmad FI, Choudhury B, De Mason CE, Adunka OF, Finley CC, Fitzpatrick DC.
Laryngoscope. 2011 Nov 26. doi: 10.1002/lary.22488. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22252968
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Recent Research & Development for Tellurium
- Multi-metal(loid) methylation in methanoarchaea is linked to central intermediates of methanogenesis.
Thomas F, Diaz-Bone RA, Wuerfel O, Huber B, Weidenbach K, Schmitz RA, Hensel R.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Oct 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22003009
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Synthesis, structure, and bonding of orthorhombic r(5)au(2)te(2) (R = lu, ho, dy, y). Electronic structure of the binary parent valence compound eu(5)as(4).
Chai P, Corbett JD.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Nov 7;50(21):10949-55. Epub 2011 Oct 12.
PMID:
21991925
[PubMed - in process]
- Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Protects Escherichia coli from Tellurite-Mediated Oxidative Stress.
Sandoval JM, Arenas FA, Vásquez CC.
PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e25573. Epub 2011 Sep 30.
PMID:
21984934
[PubMed - in process]
- Microbial processing of tellurium as a tool in biotechnology.
Turner RJ, Borghese R, Zannoni D.
Biotechnol Adv. 2011 Sep 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21907273
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Measurement of the ?? Decay Half-Life of ^{130}Te with the NEMO-3 Detector.
Arnold R, Augier C, Baker J, Barabash AS, Basharina-Freshville A, Blondel S, Bongrand M, Broudin-Bay G, Brudanin V, Caffrey AJ, Chapon A, Chauveau E, Durand D, Egorov V, Flack R, Garrido X, Grozier J, Guillon B, Hubert P, Hugon C, Jackson CM, Jullian S, Kauer M, Klimenko A, Kochetov O, Konovalov SI, Kovalenko V, Lalanne D, Lamhamdi T, Lang K, Liptak Z, Lutter G, Mamedov F, Marquet Ch, Martin-Albo J, Mauger F, Mott J, Nachab A, Nemchenok I, Nguyen CH, Nova F, Novella P, Ohsumi H, Pahlka RB, Perrot F, Piquemal F, Reyss JL, Richards B, Ricol JS, Saakyan R, Sarazin X, Simard L, Simkovic F, Shitov Y, Smolnikov A, Söldner-Rembold S, Stekl I, Suhonen J, Sutton CS, Szklarz G, Thomas J, Timkin V, Torre S, Tretyak VI, Umatov V, Vála L, Vanyushin I, Vasiliev V, Vorobel V, Vylov Ts, Zukauskas A; NEMO-3 Collaboration.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Aug 5;107(6):062504. Epub 2011 Aug 4.
PMID:
21902318
[PubMed - in process]
- Synthesis and characterization of wurtzite ZnTe nanorods with controllable aspect ratios.
Zhang J, Jin S, Fry HC, Peng S, Shevchenko E, Wiederrecht GP, Rajh T.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Oct 5;133(39):15324-7. Epub 2011 Sep 12.
PMID:
21899348
[PubMed - in process]
- A homometallic tricapped cubane cluster: [(Cp*Mo)4B4H4(?4-BH)3] (Cp* = ?5-C5Me5).
Thakur A, Sahoo S, Ghosh S.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Sep 5;50(17):7940-2. Epub 2011 Aug 11.
PMID:
21834507
[PubMed - in process]
- Selective antimicrobial activity associated with sulfur nanoparticles.
Schneider T, Baldauf A, Ba LA, Jamier V, Khairan K, Sarakbi MB, Reum N, Schneider M, Röseler A, Becker K, Burkholz T, Winyard PG, Kelkel M, Diederich M, Jacob C.
J Biomed Nanotechnol. 2011 Jun;7(3):395-405.
PMID:
21830480
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- Semiconductor detectors allow low-dose-low-dose 1-day SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging.
Nkoulou R, Pazhenkottil AP, Kuest SM, Ghadri JR, Wolfrum M, Husmann L, Fiechter M, Buechel RR, Herzog BA, Koepfli P, Burger C, Gaemperli O, Kaufmann PA.
J Nucl Med. 2011 Aug;52(8):1204-9.
PMID:
21810589
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- CsTe2O(6-x): novel mixed-valence tellurium oxides with framework-deficient pyrochlore-related structure.
Siritanon T, Li J, Stalick JK, Macaluso RT, Sleight AW, Subramanian MA.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Sep 5;50(17):8494-501. Epub 2011 Jul 27.
PMID:
21793494
[PubMed - in process]
- Bioactivity of the conjugation of green-emitting CdTe quantum dots with a carborane complex.
Wu C, Shi L, Li Q, Zhao J, Selke M, Yan H, Wang X.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2011 Apr;11(4):3091-9.
PMID:
21776675
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- Isolation and characterization of an environmental cadmium- and tellurite-resistant Pseudomonas strain.
Chien CC, Jiang MH, Tsai MR, Chien CC.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2011 Oct;30(10):2202-7. doi: 10.1002/etc.620. Epub 2011 Aug 10.
PMID:
21766319
[PubMed - in process]
- An ultrasensitive hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on electrocatalytic synergy of graphene-gold nanocomposite, CdTe-CdS core-shell quantum dots and gold nanoparticles.
Gu Z, Yang S, Li Z, Sun X, Wang G, Fang Y, Liu J.
Anal Chim Acta. 2011 Sep 2;701(1):75-80. Epub 2011 Jul 4.
PMID:
21763811
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- Synchronous determination of mercury (II) and copper (II) based on quantum dots-multilayer film.
Ma Q, Ha E, Yang F, Su X.
Anal Chim Acta. 2011 Sep 2;701(1):60-5. Epub 2011 Jun 17.
PMID:
21763809
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- Procedure-Controlled Selective Synthesis of 5-Acyl-2-iminothiazolines and their Selenium and Tellurium Derivatives by Convergent Tandem Annulation.
Wang Y, Zhang WX, Wang Z, Xi Z.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Jul 14. doi: 10.1002/anie.201101948. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
21761522
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Synthesis, structures and ab initio studies of selenium and tellurium bis(carbodithioates and carbothioates).
Kato S, Tani K, Ishida M, Nonogaki J, Ebihara M, Hayashi S, Nakanishi W, Niyomura O, Ando F, Koketsu J.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Aug 28;40(32):8156-69. Epub 2011 Jul 13.
PMID:
21750832
[PubMed - in process]
- Electrical bistability in self-assembled hybrid multilayers of phospholipid and nanoparticles.
Yuan B, Hu SX, Lu NY, Xu F, Zhou K, Ma YQ, Li M.
Nanotechnology. 2011 Aug 5;22(31):315303. Epub 2011 Jul 12.
PMID:
21747161
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- Organomercury(II) and tellurium(II) compounds with the "pincer" ligand 2,6-[O(CH2CH2)2NCH2]2C6H3--stabilization of an unusual organotellurium(II) cationic species.
Beleaga A, Bojan VR, Pöllnitz A, Rat CI, Silvestru C.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Sep 21;40(35):8830-8. Epub 2011 Jul 11.
PMID:
21743935
[PubMed - in process]
- Differentiation between the motor and sensory fascicles of the peripheral nerves from adult rats using annexin V-CdTe-conjugated polymer.
Meng X, Lu L, Wang H, Liu B.
Neurol India. 2011 May-Jun;59(3):333-8.
PMID:
21743158
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- Tellurium tetrachloride and diphenyl ditelluride cause cytotoxicity in rat hippocampal astrocytes.
Roy S, Hardej D.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Oct;49(10):2564-74. Epub 2011 Jul 1.
PMID:
21742007
[PubMed - in process]
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