Sulfur(S) Aluminum(Al) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbolSulfur is a Block P, Group 16, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Sulfur's shells is 2, 8, 6 and its electronic configuration is [Ne]3s2 3p4. In its elemental form sulfur's CAS number is 7704-34-9. The sulfur atom has a radius of 100pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 180pm. Sulfur is a crucial element for all life and serves as both fuels and respiratory (oxygen-replacing) materials for simple organisms.  In nature, sulfur can be found in hot springs, meteorites, volcanoes, and as galena, gypsum, Epsom salts, and barite. Sulfur, when organically bonded, is a component of all proteins, as the amino acids methionine Sulfur Bohr Modeland cysteine. In organic form, Sulfur is present in the vitamins thiamine and biotin. Sulfur is also a vital part of many enzymes and also in antioxidant molecules like glutathione and thioredoxin.Sulfur is available as compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity). Sulfur has been known since ancient times but was not accepted as an element until 1777. Antoine Lavoisier helped to convince the scientific commuity that sulfus is an element and not a compound. See Sulfur research below.


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Molybdenum Sulfide
MoS2
1317-33-5

 
Product Product Code Order or Specifications
(2N) 99% Molybdenum Sulfide MO-S-02 Contact American Elements
(2N5) 99.5% Molybdenum Sulfide MO-S-025 Contact American Elements
(3N) 99.9% Molybdenum Sulfide MO-S-03 Contact American Elements
(3N5) 99.95% Molybdenum Sulfide MO-S-035 Contact American Elements
(4N) 99.99% Molybdenum Sulfide MO-S-04 Contact American Elements
(5N) 99.999% Molybdenum Sulfide MO-S-05 Contact American Elements
Sulfide IonMolybdenum Sulfide is a moderately water and acid soluble Molybdenum source for uses compatible with sulfates. Sulfate compounds are salts or esters of sulfuric acid formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal. Most metal sulfate compounds are readily soluble in water for uses such as water treatment, unlike fluorides and oxides which tend to be insoluble. Organometallic forms are soluble in organic solutions and sometimes in both aqueous and organic solutions. Metallic ions can also be dispersed utilizing suspended or coated nanoparticles (See also application discussion at Nanotechnology Information and at Quantum Dots) and deposited utilizing sputtering targets and evaporation materials for uses such as solar energy materials and fuel cells. Molybdenum Sulfide is generally immediately available in most volumes. Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards. Nanoscale (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots) elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopeia/British Pharmacopeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.

Molybdenum(Mo) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbolMolybdenum is a Block D, Group 6, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Molybdenum's shells is 2, 8, 18, 13, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d5 5s1. In its elemental form molybdenum's CAS number is 7439-98-7. The molybdenum atom has a radius of 136.3.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Molybdenum is toxic unless it is in small quantities. Molybdenum has the third highest melting point of any element, exceeded only by tungsten and tantalum. Molybdenum is a catalyst in the oil refining. It has many other applications, including in catalysts, pigments, corrosion inhibitors and lubricants. It has Elemental Molybdenuma very high elastic modulus. Molybdenum is availableMolybdenum Bohr Model as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It is used in steel alloys to add hardness and raise melting points. It is a component in Hastelloys brand steel. Molybdenum is used in nuclear reactors and aerospace components. Molybdenum was first discovered by Carl Wilhelm in 1778. The origin of the name Molybdenum comes from the Greek word molubdos meaning lead. See Molybdenum research below.

Formula CAS No. Appearance Molecular Weight
MoS2 1317-33-5   160.07
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Recent Research & Development for Molybdenum

  • Simultaneous determination of chromium, selenium, and molybdenum in nutritional products by inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry: single-laboratory validation. Pacquette LH, Szabo A, Thompson JJ. J AOAC Int. 2011 Jul-Aug;94(4):1240-52. PMID: 21919358 [PubMed - in process]

  • Structural studies of the molybdenum center of mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component (mARC) by pulsed EPR spectroscopy and 17O-labeling. Rajapakshe A, Astashkin AV, Klein EL, Reichmann D, Mendel RR, Bittner F, Enemark JH. Biochemistry. 2011 Sep 14. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21916412 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Clinical neuroimaging features and outcome in molybdenum cofactor deficiency. Vijayakumar K, Gunny R, Grunewald S, Carr L, Chong KW, Devile C, Robinson R, McSweeney N, Prabhakar P. Pediatr Neurol. 2011 Oct;45(4):246-52. PMID: 21907887 [PubMed - in process]

  • SNP-based association mapping of Arachnomelia in Fleckvieh cattle. Seichter D, Russ I, Förster M, Medugorac I. Anim Genet. 2011 Oct;42(5):544-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02167.x. Epub 2011 Jan 25. PMID: 21906105 [PubMed - in process]

  • White monkey syndrome and presumptive copper deficiency in wild savannah baboons. Markham AC, Gesquiere LR, Bellenger JP, Alberts SC, Altmann J. Am J Primatol. 2011 Sep 6. doi: 10.1002/ajp.20983. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21898510 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Study of Molybdenum(4+) Quinoxalyldithiolenes as Models for the Noninnocent Pyranopterin in the Molybdenum Cofactor. Matz KG, Mtei RP, Rothstein R, Kirk ML, Burgmayer SJ. Inorg Chem. 2011 Sep 6. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21894968 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Nature of Halide Binding to the Molybdenum Site of Sulfite Oxidase. Pushie MJ, Doonan CJ, Wilson HL, Rajagopalan KV, George GN. Inorg Chem. 2011 Sep 6. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21894921 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Purity-enhanced bulk synthesis of thin single-wall carbon nanotubes using iron-copper catalysts. Lim HE, Miyata Y, Nakayama T, Chen S, Kitaura R, Shinohara H. Nanotechnology. 2011 Sep 30;22(39):395602. Epub 2011 Sep 2. PMID: 21891846 [PubMed - in process]

  • Photoelastic analysis of forces generated by T-loop springs made with stainless steel or titanium-molybdenum alloy. Maia LG, de Moraes Maia ML, da Costa Monini A, Vianna AP, Gandini LG Jr. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011 Sep;140(3):e123-8. PMID: 21889060 [PubMed - in process]

  • Metallic ions released from stainless steel, nickel-free, and titanium orthodontic alloys: Toxicity and DNA damage. Ortiz AJ, Fernández E, Vicente A, Calvo JL, Ortiz C. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011 Sep;140(3):e115-22. PMID: 21889059 [PubMed - in process]

  • Arabidopsis LOS5/ABA3 overexpression in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc) results in enhanced drought tolerance. Yue Y, Zhang M, Zhang J, Duan L, Li Z. Plant Sci. 2011 Oct;181(4):405-11. Epub 2011 Jun 29. PMID: 21889046 [PubMed - in process]

  • Toluene and chlorobenzene dinitration over solid H(3)PO(4)/MoO(3)/SiO(2) catalyst. Adamiak J, Kalinowska-Alichnewicz D, Szadkowski M, Skupinski W. J Hazard Mater. 2011 Aug 16. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21885194 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Molybdate modulates mitogen and cyclosporin responses of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Michelis FV, Delitheos A, Tiligada E. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2011 Jul;25(3):138-42. Epub 2011 Aug 30. PMID: 21880474 [PubMed - in process]

  • Structure and stability of the molybdenum cofactor intermediate cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate. Santamaria-Araujo JA, Wray V, Schwarz G. J Biol Inorg Chem. 2011 Aug 30. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21877100 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Differences in urine cadmium associations with kidney outcomes based on serum creatinine and cystatin C. Weaver VM, Kim NS, Lee BK, Parsons PJ, Spector J, Fadrowski J, Jaar BG, Steuerwald AJ, Todd AC, Simon D, Schwartz BS. Environ Res. 2011 Aug 24. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21871619 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Analysis of Trace and Major Elements in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Mycoplasma Bronchopneumonia in Calves. Suzuki K, Higuchi H, Iwano H, Lakritz J, Sera K, Koiwa M, Taguchi K. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2011 Aug 26. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21870151 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Redox tunable reversible molecular sieves: orthorhombic molybdenum vanadium oxide. Sadakane M, Ohmura S, Kodato K, Fujisawa T, Kato K, Shimidzu KI, Murayama T, Ueda W. Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Aug 23. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21860863 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • The Identification of a novel protein involved in molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Dahl JU, Urban A, Bolte A, Sirabhaya P, Donahue JL, Nimtz M, Larson TJ, Leimkuhler S. J Biol Chem. 2011 Aug 19. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21856748 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Urinary heavy metals and associated medical conditions in the US adult population. Mendy A, Gasana J, Vieira ER. Int J Environ Health Res. 2011 Aug 19. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21854105 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Tuning of the Spin Distribution between Ligand- and Metal-Based Spin: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Mixed-Ligand Molybdenum Tris(dithiolene) Complex Anions. Fekl U, Sarkar B, Kaim W, Zimmer-De Iuliis M, Nguyen N. Inorg Chem. 2011 Sep 19;50(18):8685-7. Epub 2011 Aug 19. PMID: 21853970 [PubMed - in process]

Recent Research & Development for Sulfur

  • Self-assembly of a sulphur-terminated graphene nanoribbon within a single-walled carbon nanotube. Chuvilin A, Bichoutskaia E, Gimenez-Lopez MC, Chamberlain TW, Rance GA, Kuganathan N, Biskupek J, Kaiser U, Khlobystov AN. Nat Mater. 2011 Aug 7. doi: 10.1038/nmat3082. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21822259 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the yeast tRNA-thiouridine modification protein 1 (Tum1p). Qiu R, Wang F, Liu M, Yang Z, Wu T, Ji C. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2011 Aug 1;67(Pt 8):953-5. Epub 2011 Jul 27. PMID: 21821903 [PubMed - in process]

  • Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis L-isoleucine dioxygenase toward the production of useful amino acids. Hibi M, Kawashima T, Kodera T, Smirnov SV, Sokolov PM, Sugiyama M, Shimizu S, Yokozeki K, Ogawa J. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Aug 5. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21821743 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Characterization of the sulfurtransferase family from Oryza sativa L. Guretzki S, Papenbrock J. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2011 Jul 23. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21821426 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Development of a small-scale bioreactor method to monitor the molecular diversity and environmental impacts of bacterial biofilm communities from an acid mine drainage impacted creek. Cole M, Wrubel J, Henegan P, Janzen C, Holt J, Tobin T. J Microbiol Methods. 2011 Jul 28. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21821067 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • In situ incorporation of nickel nanoparticles into the mesopores of MCM-41 by manipulation of solvent-solute interaction and its activity toward adsorptive desulfurization of gas oil. Samadi-Maybodi A, Teymouri M, Vahid A, Miranbeigi A. J Hazard Mater. 2011 Jul 6. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21820806 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Stearoyl-CoA desaturase is an essential enzyme for the parasitic protist Trypanosoma brucei. Alloatti A, Gupta S, Gualdrón-López M, Nguewa PA, Altabe SG, Deumer G, Wallemacq P, Michels PA, Uttaro AD. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Jul 28. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21820408 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • The use of multi-element stable isotope analysis to monitor the origin of chondroitin sulfates. Thomas F, Jamin E, Shimoo K, Nagao J, Osaki Y, Granier C. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2011 Sep 15;25(17):2533-7. doi: 10.1002/rcm.5159. PMID: 21818814 [PubMed - in process]

  • Sulphur isotopes in animal hair track distance to sea. Zazzo A, Monahan FJ, Moloney AP, Green S, Schmidt O. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2011 Sep 15;25(17):2371-8. doi: 10.1002/rcm.5131. PMID: 21818798 [PubMed - in process]

  • Experimental and Theoretical Evidence of Aromatic Behavior in Heterobenzene-Like Molecules with Metal-Metal Multiple Bonds. Fang W, He Q, Tan ZF, Liu CY, Lu X, Murillo CA. Chemistry. 2011 Aug 4. doi: 10.1002/chem.201003693. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21818792 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Rhodovulum phaeolacus sp. nov. a phototrophic alphaproteobacterium isolated from a brown pond. Venkata Naga Satya Lakshmi K, Sasikala C, Venkata Ramana V, Veera Venkata Ramaprasad E, Venkata Ramana C. J Gen Appl Microbiol. 2011;57(3):145-51. PMID: 21817826 [PubMed - in process]

  • Comparative data on effects of leading pretreatments and enzyme loadings and formulations on sugar yields from different switchgrass sources. Wyman CE, Balan V, Dale BE, Elander RT, Falls M, Hames B, Holtzapple MT, Ladisch MR, Lee YY, Mosier N, Pallapolu VR, Shi J, Thomas SR, Warner RE. Bioresour Technol. 2011 Jun 21. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21816612 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Target loads of atmospheric sulfur deposition for the protection and recovery of acid-sensitive streams in the Southern Blue Ridge Province. Sullivan TJ, Cosby BJ, Jackson WA. J Environ Manage. 2011 Aug 2. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21816535 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Differential effects of a post-anthesis fertilizer regimen on the wheat flour proteome determined by quantitative 2-DE. Altenbach SB, Tanaka CK, Hurkman WJ, Whitehand LC, Vensel WH, Dupont FM. Proteome Sci. 2011 Aug 4;9(1):46. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21816081 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Comparative toxicity of arsenic metabolites in human bladder cancer EJ-1 cells. Naranmandura H, Michael CW, Xu S, Lee J, Leslie E, Weinfeld M, Le XC. Chem Res Toxicol. 2011 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21815631 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • The Effects of Different Garlic-derived Allyl Sulfides on Peroxidative Processes and Anaerobic Sulfur Metabolism in Mouse Liver. Iciek MB, Kowalczyk-Pachel D, Kwiecien I, Dudek MB. Phytother Res. 2011 Aug 4. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3572. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21815229 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • A combined model of hepatic polyamine and sulfur amino acid metabolism to analyze S-adenosyl methionine availability. Reyes-Palomares A, Montañez R, Sánchez-Jiménez F, Medina MA. Amino Acids. 2011 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21814788 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Microbial gene functions enriched in the Deepwater Horizon deep-sea oil plume. Lu Z, Deng Y, Van Nostrand JD, He Z, Voordeckers J, Zhou A, Lee YJ, Mason OU, Dubinsky EA, Chavarria KL, Tom LM, Fortney JL, Lamendella R, Jansson JK, D'haeseleer P, Hazen TC, Zhou J. ISME J. 2011 Aug 4. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2011.91. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21814288 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • 1,1'-(3-Methyl-4-phenylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-diyl)diethanone as a Building Block in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Novel Synthesis of Some Pyrazole and Pyrimidine Derivatives. Mabkhot YN, Al-Majid AM, Barakat A, Alshahrani S, Siddiqui Y. Molecules. 2011 Aug 3;16(8):6502-11. PMID: 21814162 [PubMed - in process]

  • Towards the Growth of an Aligned Single-Layer MoS2 Film. Kim D, Sun D, Lu W, Cheng Z, Zhu Y, Le D, Rahman TS, Bartels L. Langmuir. 2011 Aug 3. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 21812475 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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