Sodium Perrhenate is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Sodium is a Block S, Group 1, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Sodium's shells is 2, 8, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s1. In its elemental form sodium's CAS number is 7440-23-5. The sodium atom has a radius of 185.8.pm and it's Van der Waalsradius is 227.pm. Sodium is not toxic but skin contact may cause irritation and burns. Sodium is primarily used in its metallic form in the production of chemical esters and in the manufacturing of various other organic compounds. The metal is used in the alloy of tin, nickel and copper for its structural characteristics. Sodium is availableas metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. High purity sodium compounds are used as reducing agents. Sodium compounds are used in low tech applications throughout industry. Sodium was first discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1807. The name Sodium comes from the Latin word "natrium" which means sodium carbonate. See Sodium research below.
Rhenium is a Block D, Group 7, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Rhodium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2. In its elemental form rhenium's CAS number is 7440-15-5. The rhenium atom has a radius of 137.1.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. The toxicity of Rhenium has not yet been established . Rhenium is the fourth densestelementexceeded only by that of platinum, iridium, and osmium . It has the second highest melting point exceeded only by tungsten and carbon . Rhenium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Because of this, thermocouples made of Tungsten/Rhenium alloy is are used when temperatures will rise to 2000 C and rhenium wire is used in photoflash lamps for photography. It is widely used as filaments for mass spectrographs and ion gauges. Rhenium was first discovered by Walter Noddack in 1925 in the Rhine region of Germany. The name Rhenium originates from the Latin word 'Rhenus' meaning "Rhine" after the place of discovery. See Rhenium research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Evaluation of analgesic efficacy of bromfenac sodium ophthalmic solution 0.09% versus ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution 0.5% following LASEK or Epi-LASIK.
Wang XJ, Wong SH, Givergis R, Chynn EW.
Clin Ophthalmol. 2011;5:1451-7. Epub 2011 Oct 7.
PMID:
22034570
[PubMed - in process]
Risk of Poor Outcomes with Novel and Traditional Biomarkers at Clinical AKI Diagnosis.
Hall IE, Coca SG, Perazella MA, Eko UU, Luciano RL, Peter PR, Han WK, Parikh CR.
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Oct 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22034509
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Chemoenzymatic synthesis of homogeneous ultralow molecular weight heparins.
Xu Y, Masuko S, Takieddin M, Xu H, Liu R, Jing J, Mousa SA, Linhardt RJ, Liu J.
Science. 2011 Oct 28;334(6055):498-501.
PMID:
22034431
[PubMed - in process]
Association between the lack of teeth and the expression of myosins in masticatory muscles of microphthalmic mouse.
Nariyama M, Kota Y, Kaneko S, Asada Y, Yamane A.
Cell Biochem Funct. 2011 Oct 27. doi: 10.1002/cbf.1821. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22034127
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Serum Calcium Concentration Affects Signal Changes on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Hypoglycemic Encephalopathy.
Koh E, Tsai LK, Hong CT.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011 Oct 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22033722
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Severe case and literature review of primary erythromelalgia: Novel SCN9A gene mutation.
Skeik N, Rooke TW, Davis MD, Davis DM, Kalsi H, Kurth I, Richardson RC.
Vasc Med. 2011 Oct 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22033523
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Selenium homeostasis and induction of thioredoxin reductase during long term selenite supplementation in the rat.
Erkhembayar S, Mollbrink A, Eriksson M, Larsen EH, Eriksson LC.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2011 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22033016
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The effect of hydroxyapatite presence on the degree of conversion and polymerization rate in a model self-etching adhesive.
Zhang Y, Wang Y.
Dent Mater. 2011 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22032933
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Relationship between sodium intake and sleep apnea in patients with heart failure.
Kasai T, Arcand J, Allard JP, Mak S, Azevedo ER, Newton GE, Bradley TD.
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 Nov 1;58(19):1970-4.
PMID:
22032708
[PubMed - in process]
Transcription of detoxification genes after permethrin selection in the mosquito Aedes aegypti.
Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Suarez AF, Salas IF, Strode C, Ranson H, Hemingway J, Black Iv WC.
Insect Mol Biol. 2011 Oct 27. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2011.01113.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22032702
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Reactive Aldehyde Metabolites from the Anti-HIV Drug Abacavir: Amino Acid Adducts as Possible Factors in Abacavir Toxicity.
Charneira C, Godinho AL, Oliveira MC, Pereira SA, Monteiro EC, Marques MM, Antunes AM.
Chem Res Toxicol. 2011 Oct 27. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22032494
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The effectiveness of intensive nursing care on seasonal variation of blood pressure in patients on peritoneal dialysis.
Quan L, Dong J, Li Y, Zuo L.
J Adv Nurs. 2011 Oct 27. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05833.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22032423
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Short communication: Addition of varying amounts of sodium bicarbonate to colostrum replacer: Effects on immunoglobulin G absorption and serum bicarbonate in neonatal calves.
Cabral RG, Chapman CE, Haines DM, Brito AF, Erickson PS.
J Dairy Sci. 2011 Nov;94(11):5656-60.
PMID:
22032388
[PubMed - in process]
Plasma potassium-lowering effect of oral glucose, sodium bicarbonate, and the combination thereof in healthy neonatal dairy calves.
Grünberg W, Hartmann H, Burfeind O, Heuwieser W, Staufenbiel R.
J Dairy Sci. 2011 Nov;94(11):5646-55.
PMID:
22032387
[PubMed - in process]
Effect of method of delivery of sodium butyrate on rumen development in newborn calves.
Górka P, Kowalski ZM, Pietrzak P, Kotunia A, Jagusiak W, Holst JJ, Guilloteau P, Zabielski R.
J Dairy Sci. 2011 Nov;94(11):5578-88.
PMID:
22032381
[PubMed - in process]
Effects of partially replacing skimmed milk powder with dairy ingredients on rheology, sensory profiling, and microstructure of probiotic stirred-type yogurt during cold storage.
Marafon AP, Sumi A, Granato D, Alcântara MR, Tamime AY, Nogueira de Oliveira M.
J Dairy Sci. 2011 Nov;94(11):5330-40.
PMID:
22032355
[PubMed - in process]
Bio-based nanocomposite coating to preserve quality of Fior di latte cheese.
Gammariello D, Conte A, Buonocore GG, Del Nobile MA.
J Dairy Sci. 2011 Nov;94(11):5298-304.
PMID:
22032352
[PubMed - in process]
Sodium alginate as an ideal submucosal injection material for endoscopic submucosal resection: preliminary experimental and clinical study.
Akagi T, Yasuda K, Tajima M, Suzuki K, Inomata M, Shiraishi N, Sato Y, Kitano S.
Gastrointest Endosc. 2011 Nov;74(5):1026-32.
PMID:
22032316
[PubMed - in process]
An Observational Prospective Study of Topical Acidified Nitrite for Killing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Contaminated Wounds.
Ormerod AD, Shah AA, Li H, Benjamin NB, Ferguson GP, Leifert C.
BMC Res Notes. 2011 Oct 27;4(1):458. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22032298
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
[Determination of three sweeteners in vinegars by solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry].
Yin F, Ding Z, Cao X, Gao J, Jiang D, Kuang D, Gu Y, He G.
Se Pu. 2011 Jun;29(6):554-7. Chinese.
PMID:
22032168
[PubMed - in process]
Mechanism of visible-light photoisomerization of a rhenium(i) carbonyl-diimine complex.
Gindensperger E, Köppel H, Daniel C.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2010 Sep 28. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20877849 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Novel rhenium nitrides.
Friedrich A, Winkler B, Bayarjargal L, Morgenroth W, Juarez-Arellano EA, Milman V, Refson K, Kunz M, Chen K.
Phys Rev Lett. 2010 Aug 20;105(8):085504. Epub 2010 Aug 20.PMID: 20868112 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Effect of rhenium on the dislocation core structure in tungsten.
Romaner L, Ambrosch-Draxl C, Pippan R.
Phys Rev Lett. 2010 May 14;104(19):195503. Epub 2010 May 13.PMID: 20866976 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Highly Emitting Concomitant Polymorphic Crystals of a Dinuclear Rhenium Complex.
Quartapelle Procopio E, Mauro M, Panigati M, Donghi D, Mercandelli P, Sironi A, D'Alfonso G, De Cola L.
J Am Chem Soc. 2010 Sep 24. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20866093 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Pyridyl-Cyclopentadiene Re(CO)(2) Complexes as a Compact Core Systems for SPECT Ligand Development.
Ackroyd NC, Katzenellenbogen JA.
Organometallics. 2010 Aug 23;29(16):3669-3671.PMID: 20865134 [PubMed]Related citations.
Postlumpectomy Focal Brachytherapy for Simultaneous Treatment of Surgical Cavity and Draining Lymph Nodes.
Hrycushko BA, Li S, Shi C, Goins B, Liu Y, Phillips WT, Otto PM, Bao A.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010 Sep 23. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20864271 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Radioimmunotherapy with antibody to HPV16 E6 oncoprotein is effective in experimental cervical tumor expressing low levels of E6.
Phaeton R, Harris M, Jiang Z, Wang XG, Einstein MH, Goldberg GL, Casadevall A, Dadachova E.
Cancer Biol Ther. 2010 Nov 12;10(10). [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20861673 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Correction to Synthesis and Characterization of Luminescent Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Diimine Complexes with a Triarylboron Moiety and the Study of Their Fluoride Ion-Binding Properties.
Lam ST, Zhu N, Yam VW.
Inorg Chem. 2010 Sep 20. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available. PMID: 20853863 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
86Y-CHX-A”-Rhenium-cyclized-[Cys3,4,10,D-Phe7,Arg11]a-MSH3-13 .
Leung K.
Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2010.
2009 Aug 20 [updated 2010 Sep 8].PMID: 20845549 [PubMed]Books & DocumentsFree textRelated citations
68Ga-CHX-A”-Rhenium-cyclized-[Cys3,4,10,D-Phe7,Arg11]a-MSH3-13 .
Leung K.
Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2010.
2009 Aug 20 [updated 2010 Sep 8].PMID: 20845548 [PubMed]Books & DocumentsFree textRelated citations
Therapeutic nuclear medicine in pediatric malignancy.
Schmidt M, Baum RP, Simon T, Howman-Giles R.
Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010 Aug;54(4):411-28.PMID: 20823809 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Rhenium(i) and platinum(ii) complexes with diimine ligands bearing acidic phenol substituents: hydrogen-bonding, acid-base chemistry and optical properties.
Liu W, Heinze K.
Dalton Trans. 2010 Oct 28;39(40):9554-64. Epub 2010 Aug 31.PMID: 20820607 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Chemical Synthesis of Fully Biomass-Based Poly(butylene succinate) from Inedible-Biomass-Based Furfural and Evaluation of Its Biomass Carbon Ratio.
Tachibana Y, Masuda T, Funabashi M, Kunioka M.
Biomacromolecules. 2010 Sep 3. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 20815381 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Related citations
Rhenium-catalyzed diastereoselective synthesis of aminoindanes via the insertion of allenes into a C-H bond.
Kuninobu Y, Yu P, Takai K.
Org Lett. 2010 Oct 1;12(19):4274-6.PMID: 20804169 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Slow magnetic relaxation and charge-transfer in cyano-bridged coordination clusters incorporating [Re(CN)(7)](3-/4-).
Zadrozny JM, Freedman DE, Jenkins DM, Harris TD, Iavarone AT, Mathonière C, Clérac R, Long JR.
Inorg Chem. 2010 Oct 4;49(19):8886-96.PMID: 20804139 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
Molecules containing rare-earth atoms solely bonded by transition metals.
Butovskii MV, Döring C, Bezugly V, Wagner FR, Grin Y, Kempe R.
Nat Chem. 2010 Sep;2(9):741-4. Epub 2010 Jun 27.PMID: 20729893 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related citations
N-heterocyclic carbene embedded in an N-confused porphyrin framework.
Toganoh M, Hihara T, Furuta H.
Inorg Chem. 2010 Sep 20;49(18):8182-4.PMID: 20726565 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
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Lobo-Lapidus RJ, Gates BC.
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Armstrong AF, Valliant JF.
Dalton Trans. 2010 Sep 21;39(35):8128-31. Epub 2010 Aug 9.PMID: 20694253 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
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Zobi F, Degonda A, Schaub MC, Bogdanova AY.
Inorg Chem. 2010 Aug 16;49(16):7313-22.PMID: 20690741 [PubMed - in process]Related citations
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Sodium is a Block S, Group 1, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Sodium's shells is 2, 8, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s1. In its elemental form sodium's CAS number is 7440-23-5. The sodium atom has a radius of 185.8.pm and it's Van der Waalsradius is 227.pm. Sodium is not toxic but skin contact may cause irritation and burns. Sodium is primarily used in its metallic form in the production of 
chemical esters and in the manufacturing of various other organic compounds. The metal is used in the alloy of tin, nickel and copper for its structural characteristics. Sodium is availableas metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. High purity sodium compounds are used as reducing agents. Sodium compounds are used in low tech applications throughout industry. Sodium was first discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1807. The name Sodium comes from the Latin word "natrium" which means sodium carbonate. See Sodium research below. 
Rhenium is a Block D, Group 7, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Rhodium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2. In its 
elemental form rhenium's CAS number is 7440-15-5. The rhenium atom has a radius of 137.1.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. The toxicity of Rhenium has not yet been established . Rhenium is the fourth densestelementexceeded only by that of platinum, iridium, and osmium . It has the second highest melting point exceeded only by tungsten and carbon . Rhenium is available as metal and 
compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Because of this, thermocouples made of Tungsten/Rhenium alloy is are used when temperatures will rise to 2000 C and rhenium wire is used in photoflash lamps for photography. It is widely used as filaments for mass spectrographs and ion gauges. Rhenium was first discovered by Walter Noddack in 1925 in the Rhine region of Germany. The name Rhenium originates from the Latin word 'Rhenus' meaning "Rhine" after the place of discovery. See Rhenium research below.
