Niobium Selenide (NbSe) is a crystal grown product generally immediately available in most volumes. Technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Niobium is a Block D, Group 5, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Niobium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d4 5s1. In its elemental form niobium's CAS number is 7440-03-1. The niobium atom has a radius of 142.9.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Some niobium compounds are considered very toxic. Niobium is the basis for various barium titanate compositions used as dielectric coatings in telecommunications and small advanced electronics, such as cell phones, pagers and laptop computers. Niobium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Niobium has medical research applications. It is alloyed to produce arc-welding rods and in corrosion-resistant steel. Niobium was first discovered by Charles Hatchett in 1801. The word Niobium originates from Niobe, daughter of mythical Greek king Tantalus. See Niobium research below.
Selenium is a Block P, Group 16, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Selenium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 6 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4. In its elemental form selenium's CAS number is 7782-49-2. The selenium atom has a radius of 116.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 190.pm. The EPA does not classify selenium as carcinogenic, although selenium sulfide is a probable carcinogen. Selenates and selenites which are compounds of selenium, are highly toxic. Hydrogen selenide gas (SeH2) is the most acutely toxic compound of selenium. Selenium exhibits both photovoltaic action, where light is converted directly into electricity, and photoconductive action, where the electrical resistance decreases with increased illumination. of photocells and exposure meters for photographic use, as well as solar cells. Below its melting point, selenium is a p-type semiconductor and has many uses in electronic and solid-state applications. Selenium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Selenium was first discovered by Jons Berzelius in 1817. The origin of the name Selenium comes from the Greek word "Selênê" meaning moon. See selenium research below.
American Elements semi conducting materials are crystal structures produced from ultra high purity starting materials synthesized by our high purity production facility which includes several large electric muffle furnaces, a tube furnace for hydrogen reduction, 50 gallon glass-lined Pfaudler reactors supported by our analytical laboratory containing X-ray diffraction, SEM, AA, BET surface area, and ICP Spectrometry for trace metals analysis. See a discussion of American Elements Ultra High Purity and Analytical capabilities. See Crystal Growth for processes used to fabricate semiconductor materials, which include:
Crystal "pulling" by the Czochaiski method for production of semiconductor materials
Flux growth and gradient freeze
Directional solidification of fluorites using both the Bridgman-Stockbarger and float zoning techniques
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Organically templated metal germanate: Ionothermal synthesis of (C(8)H(24)N(4))[NbOGe(6)O(13)(OH)(2)F].
Nguyen QB, Lii KH.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Sep 20. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21931917
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Active Low-valent Niobium Catalysts from NbCl5 and Hydrosilanes for Selective Intermolecular Cycloadditions.
Satoh Y, Obora Y.
J Org Chem. 2011 Sep 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21919436
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Synthesis of transparent aqueous sols of colloidal layered niobate nanocrystals at room temperature.
Ban T, Yoshikawa S, Ohya Y.
J Colloid Interface Sci. 2011 Aug 19. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21903222
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
White Phosphorus Activation at a Metal-Phosphorus Triple Bond: a New Route to cyclo-Triphosphorus or cyclo-Pentaphosphorus Complexes of Niobium.
Tofan D, Cossairt BM, Cummins CC.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Sep 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21894967
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Niobium phosphates as new highly selective catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane.
Weng W, Davies M, Whiting G, Solsona B, Kiely CJ, Carley AF, Taylor SH.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Oct 14;13(38):17395-404. Epub 2011 Aug 31.
PMID:
21881631
[PubMed - in process]
Assessment of the Morphological, Biochemical, and Kinetic Properties for Candida rugosa Lipase Immobilized on Hydrous Niobium Oxide to Be Used in the Biodiesel Synthesis.
Miranda M, Urioste D, Andrade Souza LT, Mendes AA, de Castro HF.
Enzyme Res. 2011;2011:216435. Epub 2011 Aug 16.
PMID:
21876790
[PubMed - in process]
A highly efficient silver niobium alumina catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NO by n-decane.
Petitto C, Mutin HP, Delahay G.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Sep 20;47(38):10728-30. Epub 2011 Aug 24.
PMID:
21869952
[PubMed - in process]
A study of phase separated Ni(66)Nb(17)Y(17) metallic glass using atom probe tomography.
Shariq A, Mattern N.
Ultramicroscopy. 2011 Jul;111(8):1370-4. Epub 2011 May 18.
PMID:
21864779
[PubMed - in process]
Z-Selective, Catalytic Internal Alkyne Semihydrogenation under H(2)/CO Mixtures by a Niobium(III) Imido Complex.
Gianetti TL, Tomson NC, Arnold J, Bergman RG.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Sep 28;133(38):14904-7. Epub 2011 Aug 31.
PMID:
21854008
[PubMed - in process]
Highly aligned carbon nanotube forests coated by superconducting NbC.
Zou GF, Luo HM, Baily S, Zhang YY, Haberkorn NF, Xiong J, Bauer E, McCleskey TM, Burrell AK, Civale L, Zhu YT, Macmanus-Driscoll JL, Jia QX.
Nat Commun. 2011 Aug 16;2:428. doi: 10.1038/ncomms1438.
PMID:
21847102
[PubMed - in process]
Anisotropy of extinction: extrapolation to the kinematical limit by ?-ray diffraction.
Jauch W, Reehuis M.
Acta Crystallogr A. 2011 Sep;67(Pt 5):469-72. Epub 2011 Jul 20.
PMID:
21844651
[PubMed - in process]
Tri-?-oxido-bis-[(5,10,15,20-tetra-phenyl-porphyrinato-?N)niobium(V)].
Soury R, Belkhiria MS, Daran JC, Nasri H.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Jul 1;67(Pt 7):m862-3. Epub 2011 Jun 4.
PMID:
21836860
[PubMed - in process]
Assessing the performance and longevity of Nb, Pt, Ta, Ti, Zr, and ZrO?-sputtered Havar foils for the high-power production of reactive [¹?F]F? by proton irradiation of [¹?O]H?O.
Gagnon K, Wilson JS, Sant E, Backhouse CJ, McQuarrie SA.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2011 Oct;69(10):1330-6. Epub 2011 Feb 25.
PMID:
21782460
[PubMed - in process]
NbN and NbS2 nanobelt arrays: in-situ conversion preparation and field-emission performance.
Tao Y, Gao Q, Wang X, Wu X, Mao C, Zhu J.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2011 Apr;11(4):3345-9.
PMID:
21776707
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
SrNbO2N as a water-splitting photoanode with a wide visible-light absorption band.
Maeda K, Higashi M, Siritanaratkul B, Abe R, Domen K.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Aug 17;133(32):12334-7. Epub 2011 Jul 26.
PMID:
21770436
[PubMed - in process]
Oxygen-containing gas-phase diatomic trications and tetracations: ReO(z+), NbO(z+) and HfO(z+) (z = 3, 4).
Brites V, Franzreb K, Harvey JN, Sayres SG, Ross MW, Blumling DE, Castleman AW, Hochlaf M.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Sep 7;13(33):15233-43. Epub 2011 Jul 15.
PMID:
21761073
[PubMed - in process]
Li(2)Ca(1.5)Nb(3)O(10) from X-ray powder data.
Zhu BC, Tang KB.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Apr 1;67(Pt 4):i25. Epub 2011 Mar 12.
PMID:
21753922
[PubMed]
Novel borothermal process for the synthesis of nanocrystalline oxides and borides of niobium.
Jha M, Ramanujachary KV, Lofland SE, Gupta G, Ganguli AK.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Aug 21;40(31):7879-88. Epub 2011 Jul 8.
PMID:
21743887
[PubMed - in process]
Tuning of superconducting niobium nitride terahertz metamaterials.
Wu J, Jin B, Xue Y, Zhang C, Dai H, Zhang L, Cao C, Kang L, Xu W, Chen J, Wu P.
Opt Express. 2011 Jun 20;19(13):12021-6. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.012021.
PMID:
21716437
[PubMed - in process]
Light-induced spin-crossover magnet.
Ohkoshi S, Imoto K, Tsunobuchi Y, Takano S, Tokoro H.
Nat Chem. 2011 Jun 5;3(7):564-9. doi: 10.1038/nchem.1067.
PMID:
21697879
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Selenoprotein K binds multi-protein complexes and is involved in the regulation of ER homeostasis.
Shchedrina VA, Everley RA, Zhang Y, Gygi SP, Hatfield DL, Gladyshev VN.
J Biol Chem. 2011 Oct 20. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22016385
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Catalytic activity of selenomethionine in removing amino acid, peptide, and protein hydroperoxides.
Suryo Rahmanto A, Davies MJ.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2011 Oct 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22015433
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Combination of chemometrically assisted voltammetry, calorimetry, and circular dichroism as a new method for the study of bioinorganic substances: application to selenocystine metal complexes.
Gusmão R, Prohens R, Díaz-Cruz JM, Ariño C, Esteban M.
J Biol Inorg Chem. 2011 Oct 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22015398
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Marine and farmed fish on the Polish market: Comparison of the nutritive value and human exposure to PCDD/Fs and other contaminants.
Szlinder-Richert J, Usydus Z, Malesa-Ciecwierz M, Polak-Juszczak L, Ruczynska W.
Chemosphere. 2011 Oct 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22014661
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Dietary selenium reduces retention of methyl mercury in freshwater fish.
Bjerregaard P, Fjordside S, Hansen MG, Petrova MB.
Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Oct 20. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22014184
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Plant and fungal food components with potential activity on the development of microbial oral diseases.
Daglia M, Papetti A, Mascherpa D, Grisoli P, Giusto G, Lingström P, Pratten J, Signoretto C, Spratt DA, Wilson M, Zaura E, Gazzani G.
J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011;2011:274578. Epub 2011 Oct 17.
PMID:
22013381
[PubMed - in process]
Selenium, selenoproteins and the thyroid gland: interactions in health and disease.
Schomburg L.
Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011 Oct 18. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2011.174. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22009156
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Selenium inhibits migration of murine melanoma cells via down-modulation of IL-18 expression.
Song H, Kim J, Lee HK, Park HJ, Nam J, Park GB, Kim YS, Cho D, Hur DY.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2011 Oct 15. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22008306
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Detection, Identification, and Quantification of Selenoproteins in a Candidate Human Plasma Standard Reference Material.
Ballihaut G, Kilpatrick LE, Davis WC.
Anal Chem. 2011 Oct 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22007999
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Severe pre-eclampsia is associated with abnormal trace elements concentrations in maternal and fetal blood.
Katz O, Paz-Tal O, Lazer T, Aricha-Tamir B, Mazor M, Wiznitzer A, Sheiner E.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2011 Oct 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22007865
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effects of Selenium Supplements on Cancer Prevention: Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Lee EH, Myung SK, Jeon YJ, Kim Y, Chang YJ, Ju W, Seo HG, Huh BY.
Nutr Cancer. 2011 Oct 17. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22004275
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Study of the correlation of serum selenium level with Behcet's disease.
Esalatmanesh K, Jamshidi A, Shahram F, Davatchi F, Masoud SA, Soleimani Z, Salesi M, Ghaffarpasand I.
Int J Rheum Dis. 2011 Oct;14(4):375-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1756-185X.2011.01649.x. Epub 2011 Sep 5.
PMID:
22004235
[PubMed - in process]
Multi-metal(loid) methylation in methanoarchaea is linked to central intermediates of methanogenesis.
Thomas F, Diaz-Bone RA, Wuerfel O, Huber B, Weidenbach K, Schmitz RA, Hensel R.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Oct 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22003009
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The Effects of Di(2-Ethylhexyl)Phthalate Exposure and Selenium Nutrition on Sertoli Cell Vimentin Structure and Germ-Cell Apoptosis in Rat Testis.
Erkekoglu P, Zeybek ND, Giray B, Asan E, Hincal F.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011 Oct 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22002783
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A superoxide anion-scavenger, 1,3-selenazolidin-4-one suppresses serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by activating MAP kinase.
Nishina A, Kimura H, Kozawa K, Sommen G, Nakamura T, Heimgartner H, Koketsu M, Furukawa S.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2011 Oct 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22001386
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Nutrition, dietary supplements and adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
Schultz C, Meier M, Schmid HP.
Maturitas. 2011 Oct 12. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22001108
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Interactions of Cu(I) with Selenium-Containing Amino Acids Determined by NMR, XAS, and DFT Studies.
Wang HC, Riahi M, Pothen J, Bayse CA, Riggs-Gelasco P, Brumaghim JL.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Oct 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21999616
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effects of Basal Media and Supplements on Diethylstilbestrol-Treated Immature Mouse Primary Granulosa Cell Growth and Regulation of Steroidogenesis In Vitro.
Ding T, Luo A, Yang S, Lai Z, Wang Y, Shen W, Jiang J, Lu Y, Ma D, Wang S.
Reprod Domest Anim. 2011 Oct 15. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01879.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21999365
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Demographic and lifestyle factors and selenium levels in men and women in the U.S.
Park K, Rimm E, Siscovick D, Spiegelman D, Morris JS, Mozaffarian D.
Nutr Res Pract. 2011 Aug;5(4):357-64. Epub 2011 Aug 31.
PMID:
21994531
[PubMed - in process]
New group 11 complexes with metal-selenium bonds of methyldiphenylphosphane selenide: a solid state, solution and theoretical investigation.
Pop A, Silvestru A, Gimeno MC, Laguna A, Kulcsar M, Arca M, Lippolis V, Pintus A.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Oct 13. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21993712
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Niobium Selenide (NbSe) is a crystal grown product generally immediately available in most volumes. Technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Niobium is a Block D, Group 5, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Niobium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d4 5s1. In its elemental form niobium's CAS number is 7440-03-1. The niobium atom has a radius of 142.9.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Some niobium compounds are considered very toxic. Niobium is the basis for various barium titanate compositions used as dielectric coatings in telecommunications 
and small advanced electronics, such as cell phones, pagers and laptop computers. Niobium is available as metal and compounds
with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Niobium has medical research applications. It is alloyed to produce arc-welding rods and in corrosion-resistant steel. Niobium was first discovered by Charles Hatchett in 1801. The word Niobium originates from Niobe, daughter of mythical Greek king Tantalus. See Niobium research below. 
Selenium is a Block P, Group 16, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Selenium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 6 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4. In its elemental form selenium's CAS number is 7782-49-2. The selenium atom has a radius of 116.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 190.pm. The EPA does not classify selenium as carcinogenic, although selenium sulfide 
is a probable carcinogen. Selenates and selenites which are compounds of selenium, are highly toxic. Hydrogen selenide gas (SeH2) is the most acutely toxic compound of selenium. Selenium exhibits both photovoltaic action, where light is converted directly into electricity, and photoconductive action, where the electrical resistance decreases with increased illumination. of photocells and exposure meters for photographic use, as 
well as solar cells. Below its melting point, selenium is a p-type semiconductor and has many uses in electronic and solid-state applications. Selenium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Selenium was first discovered by Jons Berzelius in 1817. The origin of the name Selenium comes from the Greek word "Selênê" meaning moon. See selenium research below.
