Niobium Sulfide is a moderately water and acid soluble Niobium source for uses compatible with sulfates. Sulfate compounds are salts or esters of sulfuric acid formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal. Most metal sulfate compounds are readily soluble in water for uses such as water treatment, unlike fluorides and oxides which tend to be insoluble. Organometallic forms are soluble in organic solutions and sometimes in both aqueous and organic solutions. Metallic ions can also be dispersed utilizing suspended or coated nanoparticles (See also application discussion at Nanotechnology Information and at Quantum Dots) and deposited utilizing sputtering targets and evaporation materials for uses such as solar energy materials and fuel cells. Niobium Sulfide is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Niobium is a Block D, Group 5, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Niobium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d4 5s1. In its elemental form niobium's CAS number is 7440-03-1. The niobium atom has a radius of 142.9.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Some niobium compounds are considered very toxic. Niobium is the basis for various barium titanate compositions used as dielectric coatings in telecommunications and small advanced electronics, such as cell phones, pagers and laptop computers. Niobium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder.
Sulfur is a Block P, Group 16, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Sulfur's shells is 2, 8, 6 and its electronic configuration is [Ne]3s2 3p4. In its elemental form sulfur's CAS number is 7704-34-9. The sulfur atom has a radius of 100pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 180pm. Sulfur is a crucial element for all life and serves as both fuels and respiratory (oxygen-replacing) materials for simple organisms. In nature, sulfur can be found in hot springs, meteorites, volcanoes, and as galena, gypsum, Epsom salts, and barite. Sulfur, when organically bonded, is a component of all proteins, as the amino acids methionine and cysteine. In organic form, Sulfur is present in the vitamins thiamine and biotin. Sulfur is also a vital part of many enzymes and also in antioxidant molecules like glutathione and thioredoxin.Sulfur is available as compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity). Sulfur has been known since ancient times but was not accepted as an element until 1777. Antoine Lavoisier helped to convince the scientific commuity that sulfus is an element and not a compound. See Sulfur research below.
American Elements semi conducting materials are crystal structures produced from ultra high purity starting materials synthesized by our high purity production facility which includes several large electric muffle furnaces, a tube furnace for hydrogen reduction, 50 gallon glass-lined Pfaudler reactors supported by our analytical laboratory containing X-ray diffraction, SEM, AA, BET surface area, and ICP Spectrometry for trace metals analysis. See a discussion of American Elements Ultra High Purity and Analytical capabilities. See Crystal Growth for processes used to fabricate semiconductor materials, which include:
Crystal "pulling" by the Czochaiski method for production of semiconductor materials
Flux growth and gradient freeze
Directional solidification of fluorites using both the Bridgman-Stockbarger and float zoning
techniques
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Directly Hydrothermal Growth of Single Crystal Nb(3) O(7) (OH) Nanorod Film for High Performance Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.
Zhang H, Wang Y, Yang D, Li Y, Liu H, Liu P, Wood BJ, Zhao H.
Adv Mater. 2012 Feb 22. doi: 10.1002/adma.201104650. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22354561
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups.
Gillett-Kunnath MM, Sevov SC.
J Vis Exp. 2012 Feb 11;(60). pii: 3532. doi: 10.3791/3532.
PMID:
22349121
[PubMed - in process]
A highly reduced cyanogen ligand derived from cyanide reductive coupling.
Fox AR, Cummins CC.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2012 Feb 27;48(25):3061-3. Epub 2012 Feb 17.
PMID:
22343665
[PubMed - in process]
Diffusion and segregation of niobium in fcc-nickel.
Connétable D, Ter-Ovanessian B, Andrieu E.
J Phys Condens Matter. 2012 Mar 7;24(9):095010. Epub 2012 Feb 9.
PMID:
22322788
[PubMed - in process]
Measurement of mass attenuation coefficients of Rhizophora spp. binderless particleboards in the 16.59-25.26keV photon energy range and their density profile using x-ray computed tomography.
Marashdeh MW, Bauk S, Tajuddin AA, Hashim R.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2012 Apr;70(4):656-62. Epub 2012 Jan 20.
PMID:
22304963
[PubMed - in process]
Syntheses and Structures of Sc(2)Nb(4-x)Sn(5), YNb(6)Sn(6), and ErNb(6)Sn(5): Exploratory Studies in Ternary Rare-Earth Niobium Stannides.
Yue CY, Lei XW.
Inorg Chem. 2012 Feb 20;51(4):2461-71. Epub 2012 Feb 2.
PMID:
22300353
[PubMed - in process]
Highly efficient catalysts for Co(ii/iii) redox couples in dye-sensitized solar cells.
Wang L, Diau EW, Wu M, Lu HP, Ma T.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2012 Feb 8;48(20):2600-2. Epub 2012 Feb 1.
PMID:
22294206
[PubMed - in process]
Seeded growth induced amorphous to crystalline transformation of niobium oxide nanostructures.
Jana S, Rioux RM.
Nanoscale. 2012 Mar 7;4(5):1782-8. Epub 2012 Jan 30.
PMID:
22286141
[PubMed - in process]
Adhesive Bonding of Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy and Component Metals with Acidic Primers and a Tri-n-butylborane Initiated Resin.
Koizumi H, Naito K, Ishii T, Yamashita M, Yoneyama T, Matsumura H.
J Adhes Dent. 2012 Jan 11. doi: 10.3290/j.jad.a22712. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22282753
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Low-loss terahertz metamaterial from superconducting niobium nitride films.
Zhang CH, Wu JB, Jin BB, Ji ZM, Kang L, Xu WW, Chen J, Tonouchi M, Wu PH.
Opt Express. 2012 Jan 2;20(1):42-7. doi: 10.1364/OE.20.000042.
PMID:
22274327
[PubMed - in process]
Synthesis and characterization of InNbO? nanopowder for gas sensors.
Balamurugan C, Vijayakumar E, Subramania A.
Talanta. 2012 Jan 15;88:115-20. Epub 2011 Nov 26.
PMID:
22265476
[PubMed - in process]
Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of a niobium-substituted-heteropolytungstate on hepatitis B virus.
Zhang H, Qi Y, Ding Y, Wang J, Li Q, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Chi X, Li J, Niu J.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2012 Feb 15;22(4):1664-9. Epub 2012 Jan 2.
PMID:
22264474
[PubMed - in process]
The mechanism of hydroaminoalkylation catalyzed by group 5 metal binaphtholate complexes.
Reznichenko AL, Hultzsch KC.
J Am Chem Soc. 2012 Feb 15;134(6):3300-11. Epub 2012 Feb 7.
PMID:
22264172
[PubMed - in process]
cyclo-Tetra-?-oxido-tetra-kis-[(acetyl-acetonato-?O,O')bis-(ethano-lato-?O)niobium(V)].
Herbst L, Visser HG, Roodt A, Muller TJ.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1669-70. Epub 2011 Nov 5.
PMID:
22199493
[PubMed - in process]
Asymmetric Split-Vacancy Defects in SiC Polytypes: A Combined Theoretical and Electron Spin Resonance Study.
Ivády V, Gällström A, Son NT, Janzén E, Gali A.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Nov 4;107(19):195501. Epub 2011 Nov 2.
PMID:
22181623
[PubMed - in process]
New iso-propoxides, tert-butoxides and neo-pentoxides of niobium(V): synthesis, structure, characterization and stabilization by trifluoroheteroarylalkenolates and pyridine ligands.
Appel L, Fiz R, Tyrra W, Mathur S.
Dalton Trans. 2012 Feb 21;41(7):1981-90. Epub 2011 Dec 16.
PMID:
22180863
[PubMed - in process]
Structural, electronic and magnetic effects of Al-doped niobium clusters: a density functional theory study.
Wang HQ, Li HF, Wang JX, Kuang XY.
J Mol Model. 2011 Dec 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22146984
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The microwave cavity perturbation technique for contact-free and in situ electrical conductivity measurements in catalysis and materials science.
Eichelbaum M, Stösser R, Karpov A, Dobner CK, Rosowski F, Trunschke A, Schlögl R.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2012 Jan 21;14(3):1302-12. Epub 2011 Dec 7.
PMID:
22146931
[PubMed - in process]
Hydrolysis of disaccharides over solid acid catalysts under green conditions.
Marzo M, Gervasini A, Carniti P.
Carbohydr Res. 2012 Jan 10;347(1):23-31. Epub 2011 Oct 17.
PMID:
22127325
[PubMed - in process]
Enhanced Photon Generation in a Nb/n-InGaAs/p-InP Superconductor/Semiconductor-Diode Light Emitting Device.
Sasakura H, Kuramitsu S, Hayashi Y, Tanaka K, Akazaki T, Hanamura E, Inoue R, Takayanagi H, Asano Y, Hermannstädter C, Kumano H, Suemune I.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Oct 7;107(15):157403. Epub 2011 Oct 6.
PMID:
22107319
[PubMed - in process]
Self-assembly of a sulphur-terminated graphene nanoribbon within a single-walled carbon nanotube.
Chuvilin A, Bichoutskaia E, Gimenez-Lopez MC, Chamberlain TW, Rance GA, Kuganathan N, Biskupek J, Kaiser U, Khlobystov AN.
Nat Mater. 2011 Aug 7. doi: 10.1038/nmat3082. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21822259
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the yeast tRNA-thiouridine modification protein 1 (Tum1p).
Qiu R, Wang F, Liu M, Yang Z, Wu T, Ji C.
Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2011 Aug 1;67(Pt 8):953-5. Epub 2011 Jul 27.
PMID:
21821903
[PubMed - in process]
Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis L-isoleucine dioxygenase toward the production of useful amino acids.
Hibi M, Kawashima T, Kodera T, Smirnov SV, Sokolov PM, Sugiyama M, Shimizu S, Yokozeki K, Ogawa J.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Aug 5. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21821743
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Characterization of the sulfurtransferase family from Oryza sativa L.
Guretzki S, Papenbrock J.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2011 Jul 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21821426
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Development of a small-scale bioreactor method to monitor the molecular diversity and environmental impacts of bacterial biofilm communities from an acid mine drainage impacted creek.
Cole M, Wrubel J, Henegan P, Janzen C, Holt J, Tobin T.
J Microbiol Methods. 2011 Jul 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21821067
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
In situ incorporation of nickel nanoparticles into the mesopores of MCM-41 by manipulation of solvent-solute interaction and its activity toward adsorptive desulfurization of gas oil.
Samadi-Maybodi A, Teymouri M, Vahid A, Miranbeigi A.
J Hazard Mater. 2011 Jul 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21820806
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase is an essential enzyme for the parasitic protist Trypanosoma brucei.
Alloatti A, Gupta S, Gualdrón-López M, Nguewa PA, Altabe SG, Deumer G, Wallemacq P, Michels PA, Uttaro AD.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Jul 28. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21820408
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The use of multi-element stable isotope analysis to monitor the origin of chondroitin sulfates.
Thomas F, Jamin E, Shimoo K, Nagao J, Osaki Y, Granier C.
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2011 Sep 15;25(17):2533-7. doi: 10.1002/rcm.5159.
PMID:
21818814
[PubMed - in process]
Sulphur isotopes in animal hair track distance to sea.
Zazzo A, Monahan FJ, Moloney AP, Green S, Schmidt O.
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2011 Sep 15;25(17):2371-8. doi: 10.1002/rcm.5131.
PMID:
21818798
[PubMed - in process]
Experimental and Theoretical Evidence of Aromatic Behavior in Heterobenzene-Like Molecules with Metal-Metal Multiple Bonds.
Fang W, He Q, Tan ZF, Liu CY, Lu X, Murillo CA.
Chemistry. 2011 Aug 4. doi: 10.1002/chem.201003693. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21818792
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Rhodovulum phaeolacus sp. nov. a phototrophic alphaproteobacterium isolated from a brown pond.
Venkata Naga Satya Lakshmi K, Sasikala C, Venkata Ramana V, Veera Venkata Ramaprasad E, Venkata Ramana C.
J Gen Appl Microbiol. 2011;57(3):145-51.
PMID:
21817826
[PubMed - in process]
Comparative data on effects of leading pretreatments and enzyme loadings and formulations on sugar yields from different switchgrass sources.
Wyman CE, Balan V, Dale BE, Elander RT, Falls M, Hames B, Holtzapple MT, Ladisch MR, Lee YY, Mosier N, Pallapolu VR, Shi J, Thomas SR, Warner RE.
Bioresour Technol. 2011 Jun 21. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21816612
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Target loads of atmospheric sulfur deposition for the protection and recovery of acid-sensitive streams in the Southern Blue Ridge Province.
Sullivan TJ, Cosby BJ, Jackson WA.
J Environ Manage. 2011 Aug 2. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21816535
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Differential effects of a post-anthesis fertilizer regimen on the wheat flour proteome determined by quantitative 2-DE.
Altenbach SB, Tanaka CK, Hurkman WJ, Whitehand LC, Vensel WH, Dupont FM.
Proteome Sci. 2011 Aug 4;9(1):46. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21816081
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Comparative toxicity of arsenic metabolites in human bladder cancer EJ-1 cells.
Naranmandura H, Michael CW, Xu S, Lee J, Leslie E, Weinfeld M, Le XC.
Chem Res Toxicol. 2011 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21815631
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The Effects of Different Garlic-derived Allyl Sulfides on Peroxidative Processes and Anaerobic Sulfur Metabolism in Mouse Liver.
Iciek MB, Kowalczyk-Pachel D, Kwiecien I, Dudek MB.
Phytother Res. 2011 Aug 4. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3572. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21815229
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A combined model of hepatic polyamine and sulfur amino acid metabolism to analyze S-adenosyl methionine availability.
Reyes-Palomares A, Montańez R, Sánchez-Jiménez F, Medina MA.
Amino Acids. 2011 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21814788
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Microbial gene functions enriched in the Deepwater Horizon deep-sea oil plume.
Lu Z, Deng Y, Van Nostrand JD, He Z, Voordeckers J, Zhou A, Lee YJ, Mason OU, Dubinsky EA, Chavarria KL, Tom LM, Fortney JL, Lamendella R, Jansson JK, D'haeseleer P, Hazen TC, Zhou J.
ISME J. 2011 Aug 4. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2011.91. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21814288
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
1,1'-(3-Methyl-4-phenylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-diyl)diethanone as a Building Block in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Novel Synthesis of Some Pyrazole and Pyrimidine Derivatives.
Mabkhot YN, Al-Majid AM, Barakat A, Alshahrani S, Siddiqui Y.
Molecules. 2011 Aug 3;16(8):6502-11.
PMID:
21814162
[PubMed - in process]
Towards the Growth of an Aligned Single-Layer MoS2 Film.
Kim D, Sun D, Lu W, Cheng Z, Zhu Y, Le D, Rahman TS, Bartels L.
Langmuir. 2011 Aug 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21812475
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Proud sponsors of Aeromat 2012. Please join us and our customers & co-sponsors Boeing and ATI on
June 18-20, 2012
in Charlotte, North Carolina
Niobium Sulfide is a moderately water and acid soluble Niobium source for uses compatible with sulfates. Sulfate compounds are salts or esters of sulfuric acid formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal. Most metal sulfate compounds are readily soluble in water for uses such as water treatment, unlike fluorides and oxides which tend to be insoluble. Organometallic forms are soluble in organic solutions and sometimes in both aqueous and organic solutions. Metallic ions can also be dispersed utilizing suspended or coated nanoparticles (See also application discussion at Nanotechnology Information and at Quantum Dots) and deposited utilizing sputtering targets and evaporation materials for uses such as solar energy materials and fuel cells. Niobium Sulfide is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Niobium is a Block D, Group 5, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Niobium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d4 5s1. In its elemental form niobium's CAS number is 7440-03-1. The niobium atom has a radius of 142.9.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Some niobium compounds are considered very toxic. Niobium is the basis for various barium titanate compositions used as dielectric coatings in telecommunications 
and small advanced electronics, such as cell phones, pagers and laptop computers. Niobium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder.
Sulfur is a Block P, Group 16, Period 3 element. The number of electrons in each of Sulfur's shells is 2, 8, 6 and its electronic configuration is [Ne]3s2 3p4. In its elemental form sulfur's CAS number is 7704-34-9. The sulfur atom has a radius of 100pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 180pm. Sulfur is a crucial element for all life and serves as both fuels and respiratory (oxygen-replacing) materials for simple organisms. In nature, sulfur can be found in hot springs, meteorites, volcanoes, and as galena, gypsum, Epsom salts, and barite. Sulfur, when organically bonded, is a component of all proteins, as the amino acids methionine 
and cysteine. In organic form, Sulfur is present in the vitamins thiamine and biotin. Sulfur is also a vital part of many enzymes and also in antioxidant molecules like glutathione and thioredoxin.Sulfur is available as compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity). Sulfur has been known since ancient times but was not accepted as an element until 1777. Antoine Lavoisier helped to convince the scientific commuity that sulfus is an element and not a compound. See Sulfur research below.
