See research below. American Elements specializes in producing high purity Niobium Titanium Sputtering Targets with the highest possible density and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes such as nanoparticles (See also application discussion at Nanotechnology Information and at Quantum Dots) and in the form of solutions and organometallics. We also produce Niobium as disc, granules, ingot, pellets, pieces, powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request.
Niobium is a Block D, Group 5, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Niobium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d4 5s1. In its elemental form niobium's CAS number is 7440-03-1. The niobium atom has a radius of 142.9.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Some niobium compounds are considered very toxic. Niobium is the basis for various barium titanate compositions used as dielectric coatings in telecommunications and small advanced electronics, such as cell phones, pagers and laptop computers. Niobium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Niobium has medical research applications. It is alloyed to produce arc-welding rods and in corrosion-resistant steel. Niobium was first discovered by Charles Hatchett in 1801. The word Niobium originates from Niobe, daughter of mythical Greek king Tantalus. See Niobium research below.
Titanium is a Block D, Group 4, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Titanium's shells is 2, 8, 10, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d2 4s2. In its elemental form titanium's CAS number is 7440-32-6. The titanium atom has a radius of 144.8.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Titanium metal is not considered to be toxic although titanium as metal shavings or powder is considered a fire hazard. In its metallic form it is not only very strong and light weight, but also highly resistant to corrosion. Thus it can be found in numerous aerospace and military applications. In its oxide form it used in low grades to produce a white pigment. Titanium is the bases for numerous commercially essential compound groups, such as titanium titanates in electronic and di-electric formulations and in crystal growth for ruby and sapphire lasers. Titanium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its high purity properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed here. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy , abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included. Titanium was first discovered by William Gregor in 1791. Titanium was named after the word Titanos which is Greek for Titans. See Titanium research below.
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PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES |
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Yang D, Li Y, Liu H, Liu P, Wood BJ, Zhao H.
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22354561
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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PMID:
22349121
[PubMed - in process]
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Fox AR, Cummins CC.
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PMID:
22343665
[PubMed - in process]
- Diffusion and segregation of niobium in fcc-nickel.
Connétable D, Ter-Ovanessian B, Andrieu E.
J Phys Condens Matter. 2012 Mar 7;24(9):095010. Epub 2012 Feb 9.
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22322788
[PubMed - in process]
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Marashdeh MW, Bauk S, Tajuddin AA, Hashim R.
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22304963
[PubMed - in process]
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22300353
[PubMed - in process]
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PMID:
22294206
[PubMed - in process]
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[PubMed - in process]
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22282753
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Zhang CH, Wu JB, Jin BB, Ji ZM, Kang L, Xu WW, Chen J, Tonouchi M, Wu PH.
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22274327
[PubMed - in process]
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22265476
[PubMed - in process]
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[PubMed - in process]
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[PubMed - in process]
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Herbst L, Visser HG, Roodt A, Muller TJ.
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Eichelbaum M, Stösser R, Karpov A, Dobner CK, Rosowski F, Trunschke A, Schlögl R.
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Recent Research & Development for Titanium
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Chen Y, Wan Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Jiao Z.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2011;6:2321-6. Epub 2011 Oct 18.
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Black B.
Otol Neurotol. 2011 Nov 8. [Epub ahead of print]
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Stoetzer M, Rana M, Von See C, Eckardt AM, Gellrich NC.
Head Face Med. 2011 Nov 9;7(1):21. [Epub ahead of print]
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22070230
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Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 2011 Sep;225(9):897-906.
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22070027
[PubMed - in process]
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Wu X, Chen M, Yu F.
Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2011 Oct;25(10):1224-6. Chinese.
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22069436
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22068732
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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[PubMed - in process]
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22067850
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22066563
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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[PubMed]
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[PubMed]
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22065701
[PubMed]
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Sun L, Zhang S, Wang X, Sun XW, Ong DY, Wang X, Zhao D.
Chemphyschem. 2011 Nov 7. doi: 10.1002/cphc.201100450. [Epub ahead of print]
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22065460
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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J Appl Biomater Biomech. 2011 May-Aug;9(2):137-43. doi: 10.5301/JABB.2011.8567.
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22065391
[PubMed - in process]
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