Neodymium Chloride

Hydrate: NdCl₃• 6H₂O
CAS 13477-89-9

Anhydrous: NdCl₃
CAS 10024-93-8

Product	Product Code	Order or Specifications
(2N) 99% Neodymium Chloride	ND-CL-01
(3N) 99.9% Neodymium Chloride	ND-CL-03
(4N) 99.99% Neodymium Chloride	ND-CL-04
(5N) 99.999% Neodymium Chloride	ND-CL-05

Neodymium Chloride is an excellent water soluble crystalline neodymium source for uses compatible with chlorides.Hydrate or anhydrous forms may be purchased. Chloride compounds can conduct electricity when fused or dissolved in water. Chloride materials can be decomposed by electrolysis to chlorine gas and the metal. They are formed through various chlorination processes whereby at least one chlorine anion (Cl-) is covalently bonded to the relevant metal or cation. Ultra high purity and proprietary formulations can be prepared. The chloride ion controls fluid equilibrium and pH levels in metabolic systems. They can form either inorganic or organic compounds. Primary applications include lasers, glass coloring and tinting, and dielectrics. NdCl is generally immediately available in most volumes. Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards. Nanoscale (See also Nanotechnology Information and Quantum Dots) elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.

Neodymium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Neodymium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f⁴ 6s². In its elemental form neodymium's CAS number is 7440-00-8. The neodymium atom has a radius of 181.4.pm and its Van der Waals radius is 181.pm. Neodymium is the most abundant of the rare earths after cerium and lanthanum. Neodymium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Primary applications include lasers, glass coloring and tinting, dielectrics and, most importantly, as the fundamental basis for neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnets. Neodymium has a strong absorption band centered at 580 nm, which is very close to the human eye's maximum level of sensitivity making it useful in protective lenses for welding goggles. It is also used in CRT displays to enhance contrast between reds and greens and highly valued in glass manufacturing for its attractive purple coloring. Neodymium is included in many formulations of barium titanate, used as dielectric coatings and in multi-layer capacitors essential to electronic equipment. Neodymium is found in monazite and bastnäsite ores. In January 2013, the U.S. Department of Energy established the Ames Laboratory Critical Materials Institute (CMI) to address Neodymium supply challenges. Neodymium was first discovered by Carl Aer von Welsbach in 1885. The name originates from the Greek words 'neos didymos', meaning new twin. See Neodymium research below.

HEALTH, SAFETY & TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION
Material Safety Data Sheet	MSDS
Signal Word	Warning
Hazard Statements	H315-H319-H335
Hazard Codes	Xi
Risk Codes	36/37/38
Safety Precautions	26-37/39
RTECS Number	QO8750000
Transport Information	N/A
WGK Germany	2
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling (GHS)

Production Catalog Available in 36 Countries & Languages

Recent Research & Development for Neodymium

• Near-IR luminescent neodymium complexes: spectroscopic probes for hydroamination catalysis. Bennett SD, Pope SJ, Ward BD. Chem Commun (Camb). 2013 Jun 11;49(54):6072-4. doi: 10.1039/c3cc42923g.
• Comparative effectiveness of nonpurpuragenic 595-nm pulsed dye laser and microsecond 1064-nm neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser for treatment of diffuse facial erythema: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Alam M, Voravutinon N, Warycha M, Whiting D, Nodzenski M, Yoo S, West DP, Veledar E, Poon E. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013 May 17. doi:pii: S0190-9622(13)00400-3. 10.1016/j.jaad.2013.04.015. [Epub ahead of print]
• Self-assembling neodymium/sodium heterobimetallic asymmetric catalyst confined in a carbon nanotube network. Ogawa T, Kumagai N, Shibasaki M. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2013 Jun 10;52(24):6196-201. doi: 10.1002/anie.201302236. Epub 2013 May 2.
• Analogy to a Chinese knot in an ion-pair copper(II)-neodymium(III) complex based on a hexadentate Schiff base condensation product of 5-bromosalicylaldehyde and glycylglycine. Xu LQ, Lu LP, Zhu ML. Acta Crystallogr C. 2013 Apr;69(Pt 4):376-9. doi: 10.1107/S0108270113006367. Epub 2013 Mar 14.
• Single-Treatment Resolution of Vascular Blebs Within Port Wine Stains Using a Novel 1,064-nm Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser. Brauer JA, Geronemus RG. Dermatol Surg. 2013 Apr 5. doi: 10.1111/dsu.12207. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
• Tris[dimethyl (benzoyl-amido)-phosphato-?(2) O,O'](1,10-phenanthroline-?(2) N,N')neodymium(III). Kariaka NS, Trush VA, Medviediev VV, Sliva TY, Amirkhanov VM. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2013 Mar 1;69(Pt 3):m143. doi: 10.1107/S1600536813003462. Epub 2013 Feb 9.
• A case of mottled hypopigmentation after low-fluence 1,064-nm Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser therapy. Ryu HJ, Kim J. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2013 Mar 6. [Epub ahead of print]
• Successful Treatment of Facial Telangiectasias Using a Micropulse 1,064-nm Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser. Rose AE, Goldberg DJ. Dermatol Surg. 2013 Mar 6. doi: 10.1111/dsu.12185. [Epub ahead of print]
• Finite element analysis of neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet incisions for the prevention of anterior capsule contraction syndrome. Wang YL, Wang ZZ, Zhao L, Xiong SH, Li Q, Wang NL, Sun AQ. Chin Med J (Engl). 2013 Feb;126(4):692-6.
• Histopathological study of the treatment of melasma lesions using a low-fluence Q-switched 1064-nm neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser. Kim JE, Chang SE, Yeo UC, Haw S, Kim IH. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2013 Mar;38(2):167-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2012.04473.x.
• A new family of lanthanide borate halides with unusual coordination and a new neodymium-containing cationic framework. Polinski MJ, Alekseev EV, Darling VR, Cross JN, Depmeier W, Albrecht-Schmitt TE. Inorg Chem. 2013 Feb 18;52(4):1965-75. doi: 10.1021/ic302309z. Epub 2013 Jan 29.
• Subtissue thermal sensing based on neodymium-doped LaF3 nanoparticles. Rocha U, Jacinto da Silva C, Ferreira Silva W, Guedes I, Benayas A, Martínez Maestro L, Acosta Elias M, Bovero E, van Veggel FC, García Solé JA, Jaque D. ACS Nano. 2013 Feb 26;7(2):1188-99. doi: 10.1021/nn304373q. Epub 2013 Jan 24.
• Determination of mass-dependent isotopic fractionation of cerium and neodymium in geochemical samples by MC-ICPMS. Ohno T, Hirata T. Anal Sci. 2013;29(1):47-53.
• Switchable phase behavior of [HBet][Tf2N]-H2O upon neodymium loading: implications for lanthanide separations. Fagnant DP Jr, Goff GS, Scott BL, Runde W, Brennecke JF. Inorg Chem. 2013 Jan 18;52(2):549-51. doi: 10.1021/ic302359d. Epub 2013 Jan 4.
• Bis(µ-3-nitro-benzene-1,2-dicarboxyl-ato)-?(4)O(1),O(2):O(1),O(1');?(4)O(1),O(1'):O(1),O(2)-bis-[triaqua-(6-carb-oxy-2-nitro-benzoato-?(2)O(1),O(6))neodymium(III)] dihydrate. Chang YC, Pei ZC, Shuai Q. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2012 Nov 1;68(Pt 11):m1379. doi: 10.1107/S1600536812042754. Epub 2012 Oct 20.
• Oral tranexamic acid enhances the efficacy of low-fluence 1064-nm quality-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser treatment for melasma in Koreans: a randomized, prospective trial. Shin JU, Park J, Oh SH, Lee JH. Dermatol Surg. 2013 Mar;39(3 Pt 1):435-42. doi: 10.1111/dsu.12060. Epub 2012 Dec 26.
• Fractional, nonablative Q-switched 1,064-nm neodymium YAG laser to rejuvenate photoaged skin: a pilot case series. Luebberding S, Alexiades-Armenakas MR. J Drugs Dermatol. 2012 Nov;11(11):1300-4.
• Q-Switched Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet laser therapy for pigmented skin lesions: efficacy and safety. Karn D, K C S, Amatya A, Razouria EA, Timalsina M, Suwal A. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2012 Apr-Jun;10(38):46-50.
• Preparation of radioactive praseodymium oxide as a multifunctional agent in nuclear medicine: expanding the horizons of cancer therapy using nanosized neodymium oxide. Bakht MK, Sadeghi M, Ahmadi SJ, Sadjadi SS, Tenreiro C. Nucl Med Commun. 2013 Jan;34(1):5-12. doi: 10.1097/MNM.0b013e32835aa7bd.
• Neodymium(III) doped fluoride nanoparticles as non-contact optical temperature sensors. Wawrzynczyk D, Bednarkiewicz A, Nyk M, Strek W, Samoc M. Nanoscale. 2012 Nov 21;4(22):6959-61. doi: 10.1039/c2nr32203j.

Recent Research & Development for Chlorides

• A Possible Role of Aspergillus niger Mitochondrial Cytochrome c in Malachite Green Reduction Under Calcium Chloride Stress. Gomaa OM, Selim NS, Linz JE. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2013 Jun 5.
• Silica-supported Ti chloride tetrahydrofuranates, precursors of Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Seenivasan K, Gallo E, Piovano A, Vitillo JG, Sommazzi A, Bordiga S, Lamberti C, Glatzel P, Groppo E. Dalton Trans. 2013 Jun 4.
• Dietary potassium: a key mediator of the cardiovascular response to dietary sodium chloride. Kanbay M, Bayram Y, Solak Y, Sanders PW. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2013 Jun 1. doi:pii: S1933-1711(13)00085-5. 10.1016/j.jash.2013.04.009.
• Hydrophosphinylation of Unactivated Terminal Alkenes Catalyzed by Nickel Chloride. Ortial S, Fisher HC, Montchamp JL. J Org Chem. 2013 Jun 4.
• Transgenic mouse lines for non-invasive ratiometric monitoring of intracellular chloride. Batti L, Mukhtarov M, Audero E, Ivanov A, Paolicelli O, Zurborg S, Gross C, Bregestovski P, Heppenstall PA. Front Mol Neurosci. 2013 May 21;6:11. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2013.00011.
• Slc26a11 is prominently expressed in the brain and functions as a chloride channel: expression in Purkinje cells and stimulation of V H⁺-ATPase. Rahmati N, Kunzelmann K, Xu J, Barone S, Sirianant L, De Zeeuw CI, Soleimani M. Pflugers Arch. 2013 Jun 4.
• Lipid-based intravesical drug delivery systems with controlled release of trospium chloride for the urinary bladder. Haupt M, Thommes M, Heidenreich A, Breitkreutz J. J Control Release. 2013 May 31. doi:pii: S0168-3659(13)00308-8. 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.05.018.
• A Combined Theoretical and Experimental Study of Solid Octyl and Decylammonium Chlorides and of their Aqueous Solutions. Migliorati V, Ballirano P, Gontrani L, Materazzi S, Ceccacci F, Caminiti R. J Phys Chem B. 2013 Jun 3.
• Homologous Recombination is Activated at Early Time Points Following Exposure to Cobalt Chloride Induced Hypoxic Conditions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Meena RC, Kumar N, Nath S, Chakrabarti A. Indian J Microbiol. 2012 Jun;52(2):209-14. doi: 10.1007/s12088-011-0195-1.
• General anaesthetics do not impair developmental expression of the KCC2 potassium-chloride cotransporter in neonatal rats during the brain growth spurt. Lacoh CM, Bodogan T, Kaila K, Fiumelli H, Vutskits L. Br J Anaesth. 2013 Jun;110 Suppl 1:i10-i18. doi: 10.1093/bja/aet063.
• Antioxidant effect of zinc chloride against ethanol-induced gastrointestinal lesions in rats. Ineu RP, Oliveira CS, Oliveira VA, Moraes-Silva L, Luz SC, Pereira ME. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 May 29. doi:pii: S0278-6915(13)00326-8. 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.022.
• Solvothermal synthesis of copper (I) chloride microcrystals with different morphologies as copper-based catalysts for dimethyldichlorosilane synthesis. Chen X, Jia L, Wang Y, Song L, Zhu Y, Liu W, Zhong Z, Su F. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2013 May 10. doi:pii: S0021-9797(13)00374-3. 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.04.028.
• Combining poly(dimethyldiphenylsiloxane) and nitrile phases for improving the separation and quantitation of benzalkonium chloride homologues: In-tube solid phase microextraction-capillary liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry for analyzing industrial samples. Prieto-Blanco MC, Moliner-Martinez Y, Campíns-Falcó P. J Chromatogr A. 2013 May 13. doi:pii: S0021-9673(13)00770-X. 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.05.020.
• Effects of pH, Sodium Chloride, and Curing Salt on the Infectivity of Toxoplasma gondii Tissue Cysts. Pott S, Koethe M, Bangoura B, Zöller B, Daugschies A, Straubinger RK, Fehlhaber K, Ludewig M. J Food Prot. 2013 Jun;76(6):1056-61. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-519.
• Deoxygenation of sulfoxides to sulfides with thionyl chloride and triphenylphosphine: Competition with the Pummerer reaction. Jang Y, Kim KT, Jeon HB. J Org Chem. 2013 May 31.
• Potassium-chloride cotransporter 3 interacts with vav2 to synchronize the cell volume decrease response with cell protrusion dynamics. Salin-Cantegrel A, Shekarabi M, Rasheed S, Charron FM, Laganière J, Gaudet R, Dion PA, Lapointe JY, Rouleau GA. PLoS One. 2013 May 28;8(5):e65294. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065294.
• Ethyl-enedi-ammonium chloride thio-cyanate. Karoui S, Kamoun S, Michaud F. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2013 Apr 5;69(Pt 5):o669. doi: 10.1107/S1600536813008830.
• Cell Biology and Physiology of CLC Chloride Channels and Transporters. Stauber T, Weinert S, Jentsch TJ. Compr Physiol. 2012 Jul 1;2(3):1701-44. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c110038.
• Adsorption of the disinfectant benzalkonium chloride on montmorillonite. Synergistic effect in mixture of molecules with different chain lengths. Zanini GP, Ovesen RG, Hansen HC, Strobel BW. J Environ Manage. 2013 May 27;128C:100-105. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.04.056.
• The time-dependent hormetic effects of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and their mixtures on Vibrio qinghaiensis sp. -Q67. Zhang J, Liu SS, Yu ZY, Liu HL, Zhang J. J Hazard Mater. 2013 Mar 7;258-259C:70-76. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.02.057.

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