American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopeia/British Pharmacopeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.See safety data and research below and pricing/lead time above. American Elements specializes in producing high purity Osmium Telluride Sputtering targets with the highest possible density and smallest possible average grain sizes for use in semiconductor, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) display and optical applications. Our standard Sputtering Targets for thin film are available monoblock or bonded with dimensions and configurations up to 820 mm with hole drill locations and threading, beveling, grooves and backing designed to work with both older sputtering devises as well as the latest process equipment, such as large area coating for solar energy or fuel cells and flip-chip applications. Research sized targets are also produced as well as custom sizes and alloys. All targets are analyzed using best demonstrated techniques including X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. "Sputtering" allows for thin film deposition of an ultra high purity sputtering metallic or oxide material onto another solid substrate by the controlled removal and conversion of the target material into a directed gaseous/plasma phase through ionic bombardment. We can also provide targets outside this range in addition to just about any size rectangular, annular, or oval target. Materials are produced using crystallization, solid state and other ultra high purification processes such as sublimation. American Elements specializes in producing custom compositions for commercial and research applications and for new proprietary technologies. American Elements also casts any of the rare earth metals and most other advanced materials into rod, bar or plate form, as well as other machined shapes and through other processes nanoparticles. We also produce Osmium as disc, granules, ingot, pellets, pieces, powder, and rod. Other shapes are available by request. Osmium is a Block D, Group 8, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Osmium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2. In its elemental form osmium's CAS number is 7440-04-2. The osmium atom has a radius of 133.8.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Osmium tetroxide (OsO4) can cause eye, lung and skin damage which makes it very toxic. Osmium has the highest melting point and the lowest vapor pressure of any of the platinum group of metals. Osmium tetroxide has recently been used to detect fingerprints and as an aid to stain fatty tissue for microscope slides. The metal is almost entirely used to produce very hard alloys with other metals of the platinum group. Osmium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Osmium was first discovered by Smithson Tennant in 1803. The origin of the name Osmium comes from the Greek word osme meaning a smell or odor. See Osmium research below.
Tellurium is a Block P, Group 16, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of Tellurium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 6 and its electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4. In its elemental form tellurium's CAS number is 13494-80-9. The tellurium atom has a radius of 143.2.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 206.pm. Tellurium is a p-type semiconductor, and shows greater conductivity in certain directions, depending on alignment of the atoms. It is grown in crystalline form with other elements such as indium telluride. Its conductivity increases slightly with exposure to light which makes many tellurides candidates for solar energyapplications. Tellurium improves the machinability of copper and stainless steel, and its addition to lead decreases the corrosive action of sulfuric acid on lead and improves its strength and hardness. Tellurium is used as a basic ingredient in blasting caps, and is added to cast iron for chill control. Tellurium is used in ceramics. Bismuth telluride has been used in thermoelectric devices. Iron is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Tellurium was first discovered by Franz Muller von Reichenstein in 1782. The name Tellurium originates from the Greek word 'Tellus' meaning Earth. See Tellurium research below. |
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Recent Research & Development for Osmium
- Coronary artery wall imaging in mice using osmium tetroxide and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).
Pai VM, Kozlowski M, Donahue D, Miller E, Xiao X, Chen MY, Yu ZX, Connelly P, Jeffries K, Wen H.
J Anat. 2012 Feb 23. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01483.x. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22360411
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Spirobifluorene Bridged Ir(III) and Os(II) Polypyridyl Arrays: Synthesis, Photophysical Characterization, and Energy Transfer Dynamics.
Ventura B, Barbieri A, Degli Esposti A, Seneclauze JB, Ziessel R.
Inorg Chem. 2012 Mar 5;51(5):2832-40. Epub 2012 Feb 22.
PMID:
22356478
[PubMed - in process]
- Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena. 44. Synthesis of an N-substituted 4-hydroxy-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)morphan with high affinity and selective ?-antagonist activity.
Iyer MR, Lee YS, Deschamps JR, Dersch CM, Rothman RB, Jacobson AE, Rice KC.
Eur J Med Chem. 2012 Jan 20. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22341895
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- From Esters to Alcohols and Back with Ruthenium and Osmium Catalysts.
Spasyuk D, Smith S, Gusev DG.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2012 Feb 8. doi: 10.1002/anie.201108956. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22319022
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Dicarba-closo-dodecarborane-containing half-sandwich complexes of ruthenium, osmium, rhodium and iridium: biological relevance and synthetic strategies.
Barry NP, Sadler PJ.
Chem Soc Rev. 2012 Feb 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22307021
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- A mediated glucose/oxygen enzymatic fuel cell based on printed carbon inks containing aldose dehydrogenase and laccase as anode and cathode.
Jenkins P, Tuurala S, Vaari A, Valkiainen M, Smolander M, Leech D.
Enzyme Microb Technol. 2012 Mar 10;50(3):181-7. Epub 2011 Dec 24.
PMID:
22305173
[PubMed - in process]
- DNA/nickel oxide nanoparticles/osmium(III)-complex modified electrode toward selective oxidation of l-cysteine and simultaneous detection of l-cysteine and homocysteine.
Sharifi E, Salimi A, Shams E.
Bioelectrochemistry. 2012 Jan 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22296821
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Production of human tissue-engineered skin trilayer on a plasma-based hypodermis.
Monfort A, Soriano-Navarro M, García-Verdugo JM, Izeta A.
J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2012 Jan 31. doi: 10.1002/term.548. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22294482
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Zinc compartmentation in Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen and some effects on leaf ultrastructure.
Reboredo F.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2012 Feb 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22293906
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- What is the best bonding model of the (?-H-BR) species bound to a transition metal? Bonding analysis in complexes [(H)(2)Cl(PMe(3))(2)M(?-H-BR)] (M = Fe, Ru, Os).
Pandey KK.
Dalton Trans. 2012 Feb 24;41(11):3278-86. Epub 2012 Jan 31.
PMID:
22290219
[PubMed - in process]
- Electrocatalysis in proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates.
Palecek E, Bartosík M, Ostatná V, Trefulka M.
Chem Rec. 2012 Feb 10;12(1):27-45. doi: 10.1002/tcr.201100029. Epub 2012 Jan 30.
PMID:
22287069
[PubMed - in process]
- Electrochemical Surface Plasmon Resonance Measurement Based on Gold Nanohole Array Fabricated by Nanoimprinting Technique.
Nakamoto K, Kurita R, Niwa O.
Anal Chem. 2012 Jan 30. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22283116
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- A useful method for observing intracellular structures of free and cultured cells by scanning electron microscopy.
Koga D, Nakajima M, Ushiki T.
J Electron Microsc (Tokyo). 2012 Jan 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22257590
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- High-contrast en bloc staining of neuronal tissue for field emission scanning electron microscopy.
Tapia JC, Kasthuri N, Hayworth KJ, Schalek R, Lichtman JW, Smith SJ, Buchanan J.
Nat Protoc. 2012 Jan 12;7(2):193-206. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2011.439.
PMID:
22240582
[PubMed - in process]
- Estimation of the total number of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons: New methodology applied to helpless rats.
Miettinen R, Hajszan T, Riedel A, Szigeti-Buck K, Leranth C.
J Neurosci Methods. 2012 Mar 30;205(1):130-8. Epub 2012 Jan 2.
PMID:
22230770
[PubMed - in process]
- Characterization of different FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenases for possible use in glucose-based biosensors and biofuel cells.
Zafar MN, Beden N, Leech D, Sygmund C, Ludwig R, Gorton L.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2012 Feb;402(6):2069-77. Epub 2012 Jan 6.
PMID:
22222911
[PubMed - in process]
- Luminescent bis-tridentate ruthenium(ii) and osmium(ii) complexes based on terpyridyl-imidazole ligand: synthesis, structural characterization, photophysical, electrochemical, and solvent dependence studies.
Bhaumik C, Das S, Maity D, Baitalik S.
Dalton Trans. 2012 Feb 28;41(8):2427-38. Epub 2012 Jan 4.
PMID:
22218398
[PubMed - in process]
- A comparison of glucose oxidase and aldose dehydrogenase as mediated anodes in printed glucose/oxygen enzymatic fuel cells using ABTS/laccase cathodes.
Jenkins P, Tuurala S, Vaari A, Valkiainen M, Smolander M, Leech D.
Bioelectrochemistry. 2011 Dec 7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22200380
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Bis{1,2-bis-[bis-(3-meth-oxy-prop-yl)phosphan-yl]ethane-?P,P'}dichlorido-osmium(II).
Szymczak NK, Zakharov LN, Tyler DR.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2011 Dec 1;67(Pt 12):m1808. Epub 2011 Nov 23.
PMID:
22199590
[PubMed - in process]
- Storaged products and presence of acid phosphatase in fat body cells at pre-pupal worker stage of Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera, Apidae).
Poiani SB, da Cruz-Landim C.
Micron. 2012 Feb;43(2-3):475-8. Epub 2011 Nov 26.
PMID:
22172344
[PubMed - in process]
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Recent Research & Development for Tellurium
- Multi-metal(loid) methylation in methanoarchaea is linked to central intermediates of methanogenesis.
Thomas F, Diaz-Bone RA, Wuerfel O, Huber B, Weidenbach K, Schmitz RA, Hensel R.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Oct 14. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22003009
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Synthesis, structure, and bonding of orthorhombic r(5)au(2)te(2) (R = lu, ho, dy, y). Electronic structure of the binary parent valence compound eu(5)as(4).
Chai P, Corbett JD.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Nov 7;50(21):10949-55. Epub 2011 Oct 12.
PMID:
21991925
[PubMed - in process]
- Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Protects Escherichia coli from Tellurite-Mediated Oxidative Stress.
Sandoval JM, Arenas FA, Vásquez CC.
PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e25573. Epub 2011 Sep 30.
PMID:
21984934
[PubMed - in process]
- Microbial processing of tellurium as a tool in biotechnology.
Turner RJ, Borghese R, Zannoni D.
Biotechnol Adv. 2011 Sep 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
21907273
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Measurement of the ?? Decay Half-Life of ^{130}Te with the NEMO-3 Detector.
Arnold R, Augier C, Baker J, Barabash AS, Basharina-Freshville A, Blondel S, Bongrand M, Broudin-Bay G, Brudanin V, Caffrey AJ, Chapon A, Chauveau E, Durand D, Egorov V, Flack R, Garrido X, Grozier J, Guillon B, Hubert P, Hugon C, Jackson CM, Jullian S, Kauer M, Klimenko A, Kochetov O, Konovalov SI, Kovalenko V, Lalanne D, Lamhamdi T, Lang K, Liptak Z, Lutter G, Mamedov F, Marquet Ch, Martin-Albo J, Mauger F, Mott J, Nachab A, Nemchenok I, Nguyen CH, Nova F, Novella P, Ohsumi H, Pahlka RB, Perrot F, Piquemal F, Reyss JL, Richards B, Ricol JS, Saakyan R, Sarazin X, Simard L, Simkovic F, Shitov Y, Smolnikov A, Söldner-Rembold S, Stekl I, Suhonen J, Sutton CS, Szklarz G, Thomas J, Timkin V, Torre S, Tretyak VI, Umatov V, Vála L, Vanyushin I, Vasiliev V, Vorobel V, Vylov Ts, Zukauskas A; NEMO-3 Collaboration.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Aug 5;107(6):062504. Epub 2011 Aug 4.
PMID:
21902318
[PubMed - in process]
- Synthesis and characterization of wurtzite ZnTe nanorods with controllable aspect ratios.
Zhang J, Jin S, Fry HC, Peng S, Shevchenko E, Wiederrecht GP, Rajh T.
J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Oct 5;133(39):15324-7. Epub 2011 Sep 12.
PMID:
21899348
[PubMed - in process]
- A homometallic tricapped cubane cluster: [(Cp*Mo)4B4H4(?4-BH)3] (Cp* = ?5-C5Me5).
Thakur A, Sahoo S, Ghosh S.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Sep 5;50(17):7940-2. Epub 2011 Aug 11.
PMID:
21834507
[PubMed - in process]
- Selective antimicrobial activity associated with sulfur nanoparticles.
Schneider T, Baldauf A, Ba LA, Jamier V, Khairan K, Sarakbi MB, Reum N, Schneider M, Röseler A, Becker K, Burkholz T, Winyard PG, Kelkel M, Diederich M, Jacob C.
J Biomed Nanotechnol. 2011 Jun;7(3):395-405.
PMID:
21830480
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- Semiconductor detectors allow low-dose-low-dose 1-day SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging.
Nkoulou R, Pazhenkottil AP, Kuest SM, Ghadri JR, Wolfrum M, Husmann L, Fiechter M, Buechel RR, Herzog BA, Koepfli P, Burger C, Gaemperli O, Kaufmann PA.
J Nucl Med. 2011 Aug;52(8):1204-9.
PMID:
21810589
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- CsTe2O(6-x): novel mixed-valence tellurium oxides with framework-deficient pyrochlore-related structure.
Siritanon T, Li J, Stalick JK, Macaluso RT, Sleight AW, Subramanian MA.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Sep 5;50(17):8494-501. Epub 2011 Jul 27.
PMID:
21793494
[PubMed - in process]
- Bioactivity of the conjugation of green-emitting CdTe quantum dots with a carborane complex.
Wu C, Shi L, Li Q, Zhao J, Selke M, Yan H, Wang X.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2011 Apr;11(4):3091-9.
PMID:
21776675
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- Isolation and characterization of an environmental cadmium- and tellurite-resistant Pseudomonas strain.
Chien CC, Jiang MH, Tsai MR, Chien CC.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2011 Oct;30(10):2202-7. doi: 10.1002/etc.620. Epub 2011 Aug 10.
PMID:
21766319
[PubMed - in process]
- An ultrasensitive hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on electrocatalytic synergy of graphene-gold nanocomposite, CdTe-CdS core-shell quantum dots and gold nanoparticles.
Gu Z, Yang S, Li Z, Sun X, Wang G, Fang Y, Liu J.
Anal Chim Acta. 2011 Sep 2;701(1):75-80. Epub 2011 Jul 4.
PMID:
21763811
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- Synchronous determination of mercury (II) and copper (II) based on quantum dots-multilayer film.
Ma Q, Ha E, Yang F, Su X.
Anal Chim Acta. 2011 Sep 2;701(1):60-5. Epub 2011 Jun 17.
PMID:
21763809
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- Procedure-Controlled Selective Synthesis of 5-Acyl-2-iminothiazolines and their Selenium and Tellurium Derivatives by Convergent Tandem Annulation.
Wang Y, Zhang WX, Wang Z, Xi Z.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Jul 14. doi: 10.1002/anie.201101948. [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
PMID:
21761522
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Synthesis, structures and ab initio studies of selenium and tellurium bis(carbodithioates and carbothioates).
Kato S, Tani K, Ishida M, Nonogaki J, Ebihara M, Hayashi S, Nakanishi W, Niyomura O, Ando F, Koketsu J.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Aug 28;40(32):8156-69. Epub 2011 Jul 13.
PMID:
21750832
[PubMed - in process]
- Electrical bistability in self-assembled hybrid multilayers of phospholipid and nanoparticles.
Yuan B, Hu SX, Lu NY, Xu F, Zhou K, Ma YQ, Li M.
Nanotechnology. 2011 Aug 5;22(31):315303. Epub 2011 Jul 12.
PMID:
21747161
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- Organomercury(II) and tellurium(II) compounds with the "pincer" ligand 2,6-[O(CH2CH2)2NCH2]2C6H3--stabilization of an unusual organotellurium(II) cationic species.
Beleaga A, Bojan VR, Pöllnitz A, Rat CI, Silvestru C.
Dalton Trans. 2011 Sep 21;40(35):8830-8. Epub 2011 Jul 11.
PMID:
21743935
[PubMed - in process]
- Differentiation between the motor and sensory fascicles of the peripheral nerves from adult rats using annexin V-CdTe-conjugated polymer.
Meng X, Lu L, Wang H, Liu B.
Neurol India. 2011 May-Jun;59(3):333-8.
PMID:
21743158
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- Tellurium tetrachloride and diphenyl ditelluride cause cytotoxicity in rat hippocampal astrocytes.
Roy S, Hardej D.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Oct;49(10):2564-74. Epub 2011 Jul 1.
PMID:
21742007
[PubMed - in process]
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