Lead 208 Metal (Lead-208) is a stable (non-radioactive) isotope of Lead. See below table for ENSDF Citation and Half Life. It is both naturally occurring and a produced by fission. Lead 208 Metal is one of over 250 stable Metallic isotopes produced by American Elements for biological and biomedical labeling, as target materials and other applications. Lead Metal is also available in ultra high purity and as nanoparticles. For thin film applications it is available as rod, pellets, pieces, granules and sputtering targets and as either an ingot or powder. Lead Metal 208 isotopic material is generally immediately available.American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Lead is a Block P, Group 14, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Lead's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2. In its elemental form lead's CAS number is 7439-92-1. The lead atom has a radius of 175.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 202.pm. Lead and its compounds are poisonous. Lead is a bluish-white metal of bright luster, naturally occurring as a mixture of four stable isotopes: 204Pb (1.48%), 206Pb (23.6%), 207Pb (22.6%), and 208Pb (52.3%). It is highly resistant to corrosion and can be used to contain corrosive liquids such as sulfuric acid. Great quantities of Lead, both as the dioxide and the metal, are used in batteries, cable covering, plumbing, and ammunition. Alloys include solder, type metal, and various antifriction metals and compounds. Lead is extremely effective at absorbing sound and vibration. It is also used as radiation shielding for X-ray equipment and nuclear reactors. Oxides of Lead are used in producing fine "crystal glass" and "flint glass" of a high index of refraction for achromatic lenses. Lead ceramics and crystalline material have a wide range of industrial and optical applications, including infrared detection and imaging. Lead-based semiconductors, such as lead telluride, lead selenide and lead antimonide are finding application in photovoltaic (solar energy) cells and infra red detectors. Lead was first discovered by Early Man. The origin of the name Lithium comes from the Greek word protos meaning "first". See Lead research below.
PACKAGING SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULK & RESEARCH QUANTITIES
Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes.
Clinical features of gout.
Grassi W, De Angelis R.
Reumatismo. 2012 Jan 19;63(4):238-45. doi: 10.4081/reumatismo.2011.238.
PMID:
22303530
[PubMed - in process]
Increased GABA(A) Receptor e-Subunit Expression on Ventral Respiratory Column Neurons Protects Breathing during Pregnancy.
Hengen KB, Nelson NR, Stang KM, Johnson SM, Crader SM, Watters JJ, Mitchell GS, Behan M.
PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e30608. Epub 2012 Jan 31.
PMID:
22303446
[PubMed - in process]
Epigenomics in environmental health.
Christensen BC, Marsit CJ.
Front Genet. 2011;2:84. Epub 2011 Nov 22.
PMID:
22303378
[PubMed - in process]
The functional consequences of relative substrate specificity in complex biochemical systems.
Zeng Y.
Front Genet. 2011;2:65. Epub 2011 Sep 20.
PMID:
22303360
[PubMed - in process]
Origin and evolution of antibiotic resistance: the common mechanisms of emergence and spread in water bodies.
Lupo A, Coyne S, Berendonk TU.
Front Microbiol. 2012;3:18. Epub 2012 Jan 26.
PMID:
22303296
[PubMed - in process]
Structural Anisotropy in Polar Fluids Subjected to Periodic Boundary Conditions.
Stenhammar J, Karlström G, Linse P.
J Chem Theory Comput. 2011 Dec 13;7(12):4165-4174. Epub 2011 Oct 18.
PMID:
22303290
[PubMed]
Developing a model for resource room training for slow learners in normal schools.
Krishnakumar P, Jisha AM, Sukumaran SK, Nair MK.
Indian J Psychiatry. 2011 Oct;53(4):336-9.
PMID:
22303043
[PubMed - in process]
Assessing the risk of international spread of yellow Fever virus: a mathematical analysis of an urban outbreak in asuncion, 2008.
Johansson MA, Arana-Vizcarrondo N, Biggerstaff BJ, Gallagher N, Marano N, Staples JE.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012 Feb;86(2):349-58.
PMID:
22302873
[PubMed - in process]
A 2,6-Disubstituted 4-Anilinoquinazoline Derivative Facilitates Cardiomyogenesis of Embryonic Stem Cells.
Shen G, Hu Y, Wu J, Jin K, Zhu D, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Lou Y.
ChemMedChem. 2012 Feb 2. doi: 10.1002/cmdc.201100603. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302775
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
R179H mutation in ACTA2 expanding the phenotype to include prune-belly sequence and skin manifestations.
Richer J, Milewicz DM, Gow R, de Nanassy J, Maharajh G, Miller E, Oppenheimer L, Weiler G, O'Connor M.
Am J Med Genet A. 2012 Feb 2. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35206. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302747
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Uncoupling of RAD51 focus formation and cell survival after replication fork stalling in RAD51D null CHO cells.
Urbin SS, Elvers I, Hinz JM, Helleday T, Thompson LH.
Environ Mol Mutagen. 2012 Mar;53(2):114-24. doi: 10.1002/em.21672. Epub 2012 Jan 4.
PMID:
22302683
[PubMed - in process]
Operating Room Traffic is a Major Concern During Total Joint Arthroplasty.
Panahi P, Stroh M, Casper DS, Parvizi J, Austin MS.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012 Feb 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302655
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Improving test properties for neonatal cystic fibrosis screening in the Netherlands before the nationwide start by May 1st 2011.
Cornel MC, Gille JJ, Loeber JG, Langen AM, Dankert-Roelse J, Bolhuis PA.
J Inherit Metab Dis. 2012 Feb 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302635
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
A functional variation in the hypocretin neuropeptide precursor gene may be associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in Japan.
Ahmed WA, Tsutsumi M, Nakata S, Mori T, Nishimura Y, Fujisawa T, Kato I, Nakashima M, Kurahashi H, Suzuki K.
Laryngoscope. 2012 Feb 2. doi: 10.1002/lary.23179. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302634
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Lack of Cardiac Nerve Sprouting after Intramyocardial Transplantation of Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells in a Swine Model of Chronic Ischemic Myocardium.
Liu Y, Lai WH, Liao SY, Siu CW, Yang YZ, Tse HF.
J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2012 Feb 3. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302631
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Direct-to-Consumer Personal Genomic Testing: A Case Study and Practical Recommendations for "Genomic Counseling"
Sturm AC, Manickam K.
J Genet Couns. 2012 Feb 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302621
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Fungicide impacts on photosynthesis in crop plants.
Petit AN, Fontaine F, Vatsa P, Clément C, Vaillant-Gaveau N.
Photosynth Res. 2012 Feb 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302592
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Membrane-Bound Toll-Like Receptors are Overexpressed in Peripheral Blood and Synovial Fluid Mononuclear Cells of Enthesitis-Related Arthritis Category of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA-ERA) Patients and Lead to Secretion of Inflammatory Mediators.
Myles A, Rahman MT, Aggarwal A.
J Clin Immunol. 2012 Feb 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302567
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Comment: PML and adhesion molecule therapy.
Tyler KL, Bennett JL.
Neurology. 2012 Feb 1. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID:
22302549
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Contributing factors to surgical site infections.
Harrop JS, Styliaras JC, Ooi YC, Radcliff KE, Vaccaro AR, Wu C.
J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2012 Feb;20(2):94-101.
PMID:
22302447
[PubMed - in process]
Lead is a Block P, Group 14, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Lead's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2. In its elemental form lead's CAS number is 7439-92-1. The lead atom has a radius of 175.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 202.pm. Lead and its compounds are poisonous. Lead is a bluish-white metal of bright luster, naturally occurring as a mixture of four stable isotopes: 204Pb (1.48%), 206Pb (23.6%), 207Pb (22.6%), and 208Pb (52.3%). It is highly resistant to corrosion and can be used to contain corrosive liquids such as sulfuric acid. Great quantities of Lead, 
both as the dioxide and the metal, are used in batteries, cable covering, plumbing, and ammunition. Alloys include solder, type metal, and various antifriction metals and compounds. Lead is extremely effective at absorbing sound and vibration. It is also used 
as radiation shielding for X-ray equipment and nuclear reactors. Oxides of Lead are used in producing fine "crystal glass" and "flint glass" of a high index of refraction for achromatic lenses. Lead ceramics and crystalline material have a wide range of industrial and optical applications, including infrared detection and imaging. Lead-based semiconductors, such as lead telluride, lead selenide and lead antimonide are finding application in photovoltaic (solar energy) cells and infra red detectors. Lead was first discovered by Early Man. The origin of the name Lithium comes from the Greek word protos meaning "first". See Lead research below.
